Principales Causas de Mortalidad de los Adultos Mayores registradas en el Hospital Alemán Nicaragüense de la Ciudad de Managua, en el periodo de Enero-Diciembre 2014

Las oportunidades que los adultos mayores tendrán al envejecer dependerán en gran medida de algo fundamental: la salud.La mala salud no tiene que ser la característica predominante y limitante de las poblaciones de edad avanzada. Los sistemas de salud no están bien adaptados a las necesidades de las poblaciones de edad avanzada que atienden actualmente. El envejecimiento de la población exige, por consiguiente, una respuesta integral de salud pública. Las personas mayores de 60 años representan el 6 por ciento de la población total en Nicaragua son 266.000 ancianos,la demanda de los servicios de salud se ven actualmente más tensionados. Se visualiza muy menudamente las situaciones de salud de los ancianos, En la capital Managua el Hospital Alemán – Nicaragüense el único hospital general en la región orientado a las cuatro especialidades básicas. El total de las consultas atendidas por emergencia para el año 2014 en el Hospital fue 97.272 el 68.7% fueron atenciones a la población mayor de 50 años. El total de fallecido generalmente en este mismo periodo fue de 514 pacientes, 307 ocurrieron en adultos mayores de 50 años que representa el 59.7%, del total. Las principales causas 21.7% fue por Diabetes Mellitus tipo2, Cirrosis Hepática el 14.6% y el 9.1% por Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica. La razón de ser del estudio es permitir visualizar un problema que con forme pase el tiempo se irá incrementando cada día más, permitirá dar pauta para la comprensión a la gerencia del hospital y a nivel superior de las autoridades de salud sobre la necesidad de generar soluciones para la implementación de la medicina preventiva y no curativa. Es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en el Hospital Alemán Nicaragüense de Managua en los servicios de medicina interna, cirugía, ginecología en el periodo comprendido de Enero a Diciembre del 2014. Se incluyeron 169 expedientes de pacientes que fallecieron por diversas causas. Es importante señalar que la muestra fue por conveniencia, para la recolección de la información se elaboró un instrumento inédito que contenía indicadores que permitían identificar las características generales de los pacientes, los antecedentes patológicos y hábitos tóxicos, así también las características clínicas de la enfermedad que lo condujo a la muerte y se investigó las causas de fallecimiento. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS 21.0 para Windows, La información se presenta en tablas y gráfico

Analisa Waktu dan Biaya Pelaksanaan Struktur Proyek Gedung MAN 1 Kota Malang

Proyek Pembangunan MAN 1 Kota Malang ini dibangun 4 lantai dengan luas tanah 195 m2 dan luas bangunan 684,25 m2 yang terletak di Jalan Baiduri Bulan No.40, Tlogomas, Kec. lowokwaru, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. dimana memerlukan perhitungan rencana anggaran biaya dan perhitungan waktu pelaksanaan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar biaya yang diperlukan dan berapa lama waktu untuk pelaksanaan proyek tersebut. Untuk analisa perhitungan tersebut dimulai dari menghitung durasi tiap pekerjaan berdasarkan perhitungan volume yang didapat dari gambar teknik yang ada. Setelah mendapat nilai durasi akan didapatkan nilai produktivitas tiap pekerjaan. Hasil perhitungan durasi tersebut dilanjutkan untuk penyusunan jadwal setiap pekerjaan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat bantu Microsoft Project. Sedangkan analisa perhitungan rencana anggaran biaya pelaksanaan didapat dari durasi dan harga pekerjaan dimana standart harga yang digunakan adalah standart pada Kota Malang. Berdasarkan analisa perhitungan tersebut diperoleh rencana biaya pelaksanaan untuk pekerjaan struktur pada proyek ini sebesar Rp. 1.266.248.107 (Satu Milyar Dua ratus Enam Puluh Enam Juta Dua Ratus Empat Puluh Delapan Ribu Seratus Tujuh Rupiah) dengan waktu pelaksanaan pembangunan proyek selama 106 hari kerja. ========================================================================= Construction project MAN 1 Malang was built 4 floors with an area of 195 m2 and a building area 684,25 m2 which is located on Jl. Baiduri Bulan No.40, Tlogomas, Kec. Lowokwaru, Malang City, east Java. This project is requires the calculation of the budget and execution time to determine how much charge is required and how long it tooks for the implementation of the projeect. For the analysis of these calculation is starting from calculating the duration of each job based on the calculation of the volume of shopdrawing from the existing technique. after obtaining a duration value will get calculation of the duration of the schedule followed for the preparation of any work performed by using the tools of Microsoft Project. While analysis of the calculation of the budget plan obtain from the implementation duration and price which the standard price used is standard in Malang. Based on the results of the analysis, the cost of implementation plans for structures in this project is Rp.1.266.248.107 (One Billion Two Hundred Sixty Six Million Two Hundred Forty Eight Thousand One Hundred and Seven Rupiah) with the timing of project development for 106 working days

Dificuldades e desafios na incorporação de práticas arquitectónicas

La arquitectura software se ha convertido en un activo clave en las organizaciones desarrolladoras de software, pues permite alcanzar las metas de calidad y lograr productos fácilmente evolucionables. Sin embargo, en las pequeñas organizaciones, la arquitectura de software normalmente es una idea vaga sobre la estructura de la solución. En este artículo se presenta un estudio de caso de aplicación de los métodos de arquitectura QAW, ADD y VaB, con pequeños equipos de ingenieros desarrolladores durante un curso de ingeniería de software. Se identificaron algunas dificultades para trazar y documentar correctamente el rationale asociado a atributos de calidad, tácticas arquitecturales y patrones seleccionados. Se pudo establecer la dificultad de seguir un proceso de arquitectura y que quede evidencia consistente del mismo, más aún cuando la misma especificación genera conflicto entre los atributos establecidos y las tácticas y patrones que se van estableciendo.The architecture software has become a key asset for software organizations because it facilitates achieving quality goals and developing of easy evolvable products. However, in small organizations, software architecture is usually a vague idea about the structure of solution. In this paper, a case of applying several methods of architecture (QAW, ADD and VaB) with small teams constituted by software developers, during a course of software development, is presented. Some difficulties to trace and correctly document the rationale associated with quality attributes, tactics architectural and selected patterns, were identified. It was established the difficulty of following an architectural process and to let consistent evidence about that, especially when the same specification generates conflict between the established attributes and tactics and patterns that going establishing..A arquitetura de software tornou-se um elemento essencial nas organizações de desenvolvimento de software, permitindo atingir as metas de qualidade e obter produtos facilmente evoluíveis. No entanto, em pequenas organizações, arquitetura de software é geralmente uma vaga ideia sobre a estrutura da solução. Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso de aplicação dos métodos de arquitetura QAW, ADD e VaB, com pequenas equipes de engenheiros desenvolvedores durante um curso de engenharia de software. Foram identificadas algumas dificuldades para rastrear e documentar devidamente o rationale associado a atributos de qualidade, táticas de arquitetura e padrões selecionados. Estabeleceu-se a dificuldade de seguir um processo de arquitetura e deixar evidência consistente do mesmo, especialmente quando a mesma especificação gera conflito entre os atributos estabelecidos e as tácticas e padrões que vão se estabelecendo

On a New Numerical Computation of the Steady State Solution for two Infinite Server parallel Queues

Abstract We consider a network of two M/M/∞ parallel queues having the same poisonnian arrival stream with rate λ. Upon his arrival to the system a customer heads to the shortest queue and stays until being served. If the two queues have the same length, an arriving customer choose one of the two queues with the same probability. Each duration of service in the two queues is an exponential random variable with rate μ and no jockeying is permitted between the two queues. We use a linear program for a numerical computation of the steady state solution of the system. Mathematics Subject Classification: 60J28, 60K25, 90C0

The Quantity Theory of Money is Valid. The New Keynesians are Wrong!

We test the quantity theory of money (QTM) using a novel approach and a large new sample. We do not follow the usual approach of first differentiating the logarithm of the Cambridge equation to obtain an equation relating the growth rate of real GDP, the growth rate of money and inflation. These variables must then again be ‘integrated’ by averaging in order to obtain stable relationships. Instead we suggest a much simpler procedure for testing directly the stability of the coefficient of the Cambridge equation. For 125 countries and post-war data we find the coefficient to be surprisingly stable. We do not select for high inflation episodes as was done in most empirical studies; inflation rates do not even appear in our data set. Much work supporting the QTM has been done by economic historians and at the University of Chicago by Milton Friedman and his associates. The QTM was a foundation stone of the monetarist revolution. Subsequently belief in it waned. The currently dominant New Keynesian School, implicitly or explicitly denies the validity of the QTM. We survey this history and argue that the QTM is valid and New Keynesians are wrong

Prevalence and predictors of video game addiction: a study based on a national representative sample of gamers

Video gaming has become a popular leisure activity in many parts of the world, and an increasing number of empirical studies examine the small minority that appears to develop problems as a result of excessive gaming. This study investigated prevalence rates and predictors of video game addiction in a sample of gamers, randomly selected from the National Population Registry of Norway (N =3389). Results showed there were 1.4 % addicted gamers, 7.3 % problem gamers, 3.9 % engaged gamers, and 87.4 % normal gamers. Gender (being male) and age group (being young) were positively associated with addicted-, problem-, and engaged gamers. Place of birth (Africa, Asia, South- and Middle America) were positively associated with addicted- and problem gamers. Video game addiction was negatively associated with conscientiousness and positively associated with neuroticism. Poor psychosomatic health was positively associated with problem- and engaged gaming. These factors provide insight into the field of video game addiction, and may help to provide guidance as to how individuals that are at risk of becoming addicted gamers can be identified

Are All Measures of International Reserves Created Equal? An Empirical Comparison of International Reserve Ratios

Using available annual data of 174 economies since 1957, we examine the similarities and differences of seven international reserve ratios. While individual international reserve ratios display substantial variations across economies, they are associated with an economy?s characteristics including geographic location, income level, stage of development, degree of indebtedness, and exchange rate regime. The association pattern varies across time and type of international reserve ratios. Interestingly, there is only limited evidence that Asian and non-Asian economies have significantly different international reserve hoarding behavior. Our results suggest that the inference about whether an economy is hoarding too many or too few international reserves depends on the choice of international reserve ratio. Further, different international reserve ratios exhibit different persistence profiles, but the evidence of dependence on structural characteristics is rather weak

Asia-Pacific Regional Integration Index: Construction, Interpretation, and Comparison

We develop an index to measure the degree of regional integration in Asia and the Pacific (48 economies in six subregions). The index comprises 26 indicators in six dimensions of regional integration, i.e., trade and investment, money and finance, regional value chains, infrastructure and connectivity, free movement of people, and institutional and social integration. We use principal component analysis to apportion a weight to each dimension and indicator to construct composite indexes. The resulting indexes help assess the state of regional integration on diverse socioeconomic dimensions, evaluate progress against goals, identify strengths and weaknesses, and track progress. Cross-country, cross-regional comparisons also allow policy makers to prioritize areas for further efforts