Análisis de los indicadores de rendimiento en las finales europeas de natación en pruebas cortas y en estilo libre.

Análisis de los indicadores de rendimiento en las finales europeas de natación en pruebas cortas y en estilo libre

Factores prenatales asociados al incumplimiento del esquema básico de vacunación en menores de 5 años: Prenatal factors associated with breach of the basic vaccination scheme in under 5 years of age

Objective: To determine the prenatal risk factors associated with the failure to comply with the basic vaccination scheme in children under 5 years of age, based on the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) of 2018. Materials and Methods: It is an observational, retrospective, analytical and transversal study. We study the sample of the National Demographic and Health Survey (ENDES) for 2018 that includes 18 104 children between 1 and 5 years with health card seen in the interview, finding the results in the INEI surveys. The files containing the vaccination scheme questionnaires are selected and the data processed with SPSS version 25. The statistical processing is analytical and descriptive, bivariate and multivariate with the help of STATA v16 and Excel 2016. Results: There was a final sample of 18,104 children between 1 to 5 years old in 2018. The multivariate analysis found the association of non-compliance with the vaccination schedule with the mother's age (p value = <0.01, PR = 1.20, CI = 1.13 - 1.28), the number of controls inadequate (p value = <0.01, PR = 1.28, CI = 1.23 - 1.33) and the pregnant woman did not receive the tetanus vaccine during pregnancy (p= <0.01, RP= 1.16, CI= 1.12 - 1.20). No such association was found with the place of residence, wealth index and natural region. Conclusions: The prenatal risk factors associated with the failure to comply with the basic vaccination scheme in children under 5 years of age were maternal age, the number of inadequate prenatal check-ups and the pregnant woman who had not received the tetanus vaccine.Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo prenatales asociados al incumplimiento del esquema básico de vacunación en menores de 5 años a partir de la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar (ENDES) del año 2018. Materiales y Métodos: Es un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico y transversal. Se estudia la muestra de la Encuesta Nacional Demográfica y de Salud (ENDES) del año 2018 que comprende a 18 104 niños entre 1 a 5 años con tarjeta de salud vista en la entrevista, encontrándose los resultados en las encuestas del INEI. Se selecciona los archivos que contienen los cuestionarios del esquema de vacunación y se procesan los datos con SPSS versión 25. El procesamiento estadístico es de tipo analítico y descriptivo, bivariado y multivariado con ayuda de STATA v16 y Excel 2016. Resultados: Se contó con una muestra final de 18 104 de menores entre 1 a 5 años el 2018. En el análisis multivariado se encontró la asociación del incumplimiento de esquema de vacunación con la edad de la madre (valor p= <0,01, RP= 1,20, IC= 1,13 – 1,28), el número de controles no adecuados (valor p= <0,01, RP= 1,28, IC= 1,23 – 1,33) y la gestante no haber recibido la vacuna antitetánica en el embarazo (valor p= <0,01, RP= 1,16, IC= 1,12 – 1,20). No se encontró dicha asociación con el lugar de residencia, índice de riqueza y región natural. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo prenatales asociados al incumplimiento del esquema básico de vacunación en menores de 5 años fueron la edad materna, el número de controles prenatales inadecuados y la gestante no haber recibido la vacuna antitetánica

The value of diversity: teaching gender and sport through content analysis of three films

Underlining the value of diversity is of great interest resulting in a changing, flexible social context and aims to maintain the welfare state and the effectiveness of both labor organizations and school or sports in community life. Having this budget heading, we consider gauging the value of gender diversity in sport and offering cinema as an effective way to think about it doing a content analysis of three films and proposing keys to be used in the classroom tool. This work is important and represents an advance in education science by proposing a working tool for teachers who intend to teach values to their students through the confrontation of stereotypes and prejudices contained in the products released by industry film

VOD service providers and regulation in the European Union: an audiovisual diversity approach

A recent firm step in order to impose a quota for the catalogues of on-demand audiovisual service providers has been given by the EU countries through the reformulation of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive in 2018. This paper aims to analyse the potential implications of this change, in relation to the way the promotion of European works has been implemented so far, since some comments can be made in light of this reformulation. It will be argued that more interesting than the obligation to comply with a quota, defined by the geographical origin of audiovisual works, is the idea of making platforms part of every national audiovisual production and financing system via direct or indirect financial contributions. It is concluded that the latter can offer a wider room for manoeuvre to better help focus public policy decisions when there is political will, as the French and German cases prove

Perceived Coach Leadership Profiles and Relationship With Burnout, Coping, and Emotions

The aims of the study were to identify coach profiles and examine whether participants from distinct profiles significantly differed on burnout, emotions, and coping or not. A sample of 268 athletes (Mage D 29.34; SD = 12.37) completed a series of self-reported questionnaires. Cluster analyses revealed two coach leadership profiles: (a) profile 1 with high scores of training and instruction, authoritarian behavior, social support, and positive feedback, and a low score of democratic behavior; and (b) profile 2 with low levels in training and instruction, authoritarian behavior, social support, and positive feedback and high levels in democratic behavior. Results of Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) indicated significant differences across coach profiles on reduced accomplishment, sport devaluation, happiness and seeking support and marginal differences on dejection, logical analysis, imagery/thought control, and excitement. Moreover, coach leadership profiles were not confounded by demographic variables (level of competition, gender, age, number of practice hours, professional versus no professional athletes). As a conclusion, the profile approach offered a holistic way to examine coach leadership in sport as two distinct coach profiles emerged from the cluster analyses with an unexpected combination of coach leadership dimensions.post-print249 K

Influence of the substrate bias voltage on the crystallographic structure and surface composition of Ti6A14V thin films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering

In this work, the influence of the substrate bias on the crystalline structure and surface composition of Ti6Al4V thin films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering were studied. Samples were grown onto two different types of substrates: AISI 420 steel and common glass using a Ti6Al4V (99.9 %) target. Substrate bias was varied from -100V to -200 V. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). It was observed that the increase of the substrate voltage improved the crystallinity of the deposited films. The stoichiometry of the deposited thin films was studied by EDX and found to be slightly different from that of the target material. Finally, the passive film spontaneously formed on the deposited films upon exposure to the laboratory atmosphere was studied by XPS. The composition of the passive film is rather complex since it contains several forms of oxidized titanium and vanadium as well as Al2O3.Peer reviewe

How Should the Transition from Underwater to Surface Swimming Be Performed by Competitive Swimmers?

Despite the increasing importance of the underwater segment of start and turns in competition and its positive influence on the subsequent surface swimming, there is no evidence on how the transition from underwater to surface swimming should be performed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the role of segmental, kinematic and coordinative parameters on the swimming velocity during the pre-transition and transition phases. A total of 30 national male swimmers performed 4 × 25 m (one each stroke) from a push start at maximum velocity while recorded from a lateral view by two sequential cameras (50 Hz), and their kinematic and coordinative swimming parameters were calculated by means of two-dimensional direct linear transformation (DLT) algorithms. Unlike pre-transition, backward regression analysis of transition significantly predicted swimming velocity in all strokes except breaststroke (R2 ranging from 0.263 in front crawl to 0.364 in butterfly). The inter-limb coordination was a predictor in butterfly stroke (p = 0.006), whereas the body depth and inclination were predictors in the alternate strokes (front crawl (p = 0.05) and backstroke (p = 0.04)). These results suggest that the body position and coordinative swimming parameters (apart from kicking or stroking rate and length) have an important influence on the transition performance, which depends on the swimming strokes.post-print1076 K

The Transition from Underwater to Surface Swimming During the Push-off Start in Competitive Swimmers.

The objective of the present study was to analyze (based on gender and the style of swimming) the kinematic parameters of the transition phase between underwater swimming and surface swimming after the push-off start in competitive national swimmers. Seventy-four swimmers participating in the Spanish Swimming Championships were filmed and analyzed by DLT-2D photogrammetry during the start with the push-off in crawl, backstroke and butterfly styles. Between genders there were small differences in the distance and speed of transition. The male swimmers travelled greater distances (0.84 ± 0.04 vs. 0.66 ± 0.04 m, η2 = 0.05, F = 10.34, p < 0.001) and they were faster (1.59 ± 0.03 vs. 1.38 ± 0.03 m/s, η2 = 0.08, F = 19.54, p < 0.001) in the transition phase than female swimmers. Among styles there were greater differences in time (η2 = 0.47, F = 94.50, p < 0.001) and transition distance (η2 = 0.38, F = 67.08, p < 0.001), than in speed (η2 = 0.05, F = 5.63, p < 0.001). During the backstroke push-off, swimmers spent more time (0.88 ± 0.04 s) and distance (1.17 ± 0.05 m), this being the slowest style (1.37 ± 0.04 m/s). In butterfly, athletes used less time (0.26 ± 0.03 s) and distance (0.39 ± 0.05 m) whereas crawl was the fastest of all (1.57 ± 0.04 m/s). These results allow the phase of transition from underwater to surface swimming to be characterized and to provide useful data for competitive swimmers and coaches to improve performance.post-print331 K

Differences in anger depending on sport performance in table tennis players

The aim of this study is to determine if there are differences in anger levels depending on sport performance in table tennis players. The sample consisted of 93 Spanish table tennis players, 20 players were professionals (21.50%) and 73 were amateur (78.49%). An ad hoc Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the Trait-State Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI 2), were used to measure the different variables. The results showed significant differences in external anger expression (p<.05), depending on league level where the players who took part in greater leagues showed lower levels of anger. Additionally, internal anger control (p<.05) and anger expression index (p<.05) reported significant differences depending on league level where the players who took part in greater leagues showed greater levels. It was concluded that there are differences in anger levels depending on division level. Therefore, it is important to coach players towards anger control in table tennis

Análisis cinemático del nado ondulatorio subacuático en posición dorsal para nadadores de competición

Antecedentes: El Nado Ondulatorio Subacuático (NOS) es una parte de las pruebas de natación competitiva en el que la resistencia al avance en el agua se reduce prácticamente a la mitad comparado con el nado en superficie. Ello hace que las velocidades alcanzadas en dichos segmentos sean las más rápidas de todos los estilos tras la salida y viraje. Objetivos: i) Aplicar técnicas de análisis cinemático para la evaluación del nado ondulatorio subacuático en nadadores de competición a espalda y ii) Comparar el rendimiento subacuático entre el primer y el ultimo batido del nado ondulatorio en posición dorsal. Método: 42 nadadores, 28 nadadoras y 14 nadadores realizaron un sprint de 25 metros con salida desde dentro del agua y a la máxima velocidad en posición dorsal. Fueron filmados con dos cámaras secuenciales (50Hz) desde una vista subacuática lateral desde el inicio hasta aproximadamente 15 metros. Mediante el software libre Kinovea 0.9.1 se digitalizaron los puntos articulares del primer y último batido ondulatorio. Resultados: La pérdida de velocidad en los chicos fue de un 10,37% en comparación con las chicas (16,39%). La pérdida de amplitud en ambos sexos fue relativamente parecida (9,95% y 10,15%). Mientras que la pérdida de frecuencia fue mayor en los chicos frente a las chicas (8,32% vs 7,41%). Por otro lado, el punto corporal de mayor variación angular entre el primer y último batido fue el tobillo, llegando a variar cerca de los 20 grados en fase descendente en los chicos. En cambio, el hombro y la cadera no se desvían más de 20 grados de la línea recta en ninguna de las posiciones y/o batidos. Conclusiones: Existe una pérdida de velocidad entre el primer y último batido (8% - 10%), debido a un descanso de la frecuencia y menor de la longitud del batido. Luego, las variables angulares entre el primer y último batido mostraron pocas diferencias. Dicha información representa una de las pocas evidencias científicas del comportamiento cinemático de nadadores de competición durante el batido ondulatorio en posición dorsal