44 research outputs found
Low power reconfigurable multilevel nanophotonic devices based on Sn-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films
In the past years, Ge2Sb2Te5 has been considered a promising functional material for a variety of reconfigurable multilevel devices, including photonic integrated circuits for the post-von Neumann arithmetic processing. However, despite significant advances, it is necessary to reduce the switching energy of Ge2Sb2Te5 for creation of the on-chip low power all-photonic spiking neural networks. The present work focuses on the effect of tin ion implantation on the properties of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films, as well as on the performance of Mach-Zehnder interferometers and balanced beam splitters based on them. As a result, Sn-doping accompanied by the formation of weaker bonds in Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films is an efficient approach to significantly reduce the threshold energy of fs-laser initiated phase transitions and change the effective absorption coefficient. The possibility of using the Sn-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films for fully optical multilevel reversible recording between 9 different levels (3 bits) has been demonstrated by experimental measurements of fabricated on-chip balanced beam splitters. The obtained results show that the Sn doping of Ge2Sb2Te5 layer can be used to optimize the properties of the GST225 thin films, in particular to reduce the switching energy. So, it has the potential to improve the characteristics of reconfigurable multilevel nanophotonic devices using the GST225 thin films, including fully non-volatile memory and developed on-chip low power all-photonic circuits for post-von Neumann arithmetic processin
Π¦ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Π‘ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ, ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
, Π±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Π’Π°ΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΠΠ’Π Β«ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π‘.Π. Π€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Β» Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
: ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ (n=58 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° (n=49 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ), ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ 60-74 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Β». ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ½Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Β«Beckton Dickinson FACS Canto 2 (USA)Β» Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° CBA (BD Biosciences, USA). Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ IL-5, IL-12, IFN-Ξ³, TNF-Ξ± c Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ IL-6 ΠΈ IL-17, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ 23,8Β±1,1 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΠΈ 20,2Β±1,7 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 6,3Β±0,3 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΠΈ 7,9Β±0,5 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ IL-4 ΠΈ IL-10 Π΄ΠΎ 2,2Β±0,2 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΠΈ 6,4Β±0,4 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 4,8Β±0,3 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΠΈ 11,9Β±0,6 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ». ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ IL-6 ΠΈ IL-17, Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ 2,87 ΠΈ 2,71 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ (p<0,001). ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ IL-6 Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 2,92 (ΠΠ 2,80-3,27, Ρ=0,004), Π° IL-17 ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 2,64 (ΠΠ 2,51-2,85, Ρ=0,003). Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, IFN-Ξ³ ΠΈ TNF-Ξ± Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ
Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ² Π· ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
Π£ Π·Π±ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡΠ² Π£ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ 2018β2019 Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ Π· Β«Π£ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈΒ» ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ² Π· ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌ. ΠΡΡΡΠΊΡ 5 ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠ½Ρ 2019 Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ² Π· ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΡΠ², ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΠ»Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ² Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡ Π²Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ½Π½Ρ, Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΡΡΠ², Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ², Π°ΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ², Π·Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΡΡΡΡ
, Ρ
ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ² Π· ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
The significance of cephalopod beaks as a research tool: An update
The use of cephalopod beaks in ecological and population dynamics studies has allowed major advances of our knowledge on the role of cephalopods in marine ecosystems in the last 60 years. Since the 1960's, with the pioneering research by Malcolm Clarke and colleagues, cephalopod beaks (also named jaws or mandibles) have been described to species level and their measurements have been shown to be related to cephalopod body size and mass, which permitted important information to be obtained on numerous biological and ecological aspects of cephalopods in marine ecosystems. In the last decade, a range of new techniques has been applied to cephalopod beaks, permitting new kinds of insight into cephalopod biology and ecology. The workshop on cephalopod beaks of the Cephalopod International Advisory Council Conference (Sesimbra, Portugal) in 2022 aimed to review the most recent scientific developments in this field and to identify future challenges, particularly in relation to taxonomy, age, growth, chemical composition (i.e., DNA, proteomics, stable isotopes, trace elements) and physical (i.e., structural) analyses. In terms of taxonomy, new techniques (e.g., 3D geometric morphometrics) for identifying cephalopods from their beaks are being developed with promising results, although the need for experts and reference collections of cephalopod beaks will continue. The use of beak microstructure for age and growth studies has been validated. Stable isotope analyses on beaks have proven to be an excellent technique to get valuable information on the ecology of cephalopods (namely habitat and trophic position). Trace element analyses is also possible using beaks, where concentrations are significantly lower than in other tissues (e.g., muscle, digestive gland, gills). Extracting DNA from beaks was only possible in one study so far. Protein analyses can also be made using cephalopod beaks. Future challenges in research using cephalopod beaks are also discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Working group on cephalopod fisheries and life history (Wgceph; outputs from 2022 meeting)
Rapports Scientifiques du CIEM. Volume 5, nΒΊ 1WGCEPH worked on six Terms of Reference. These involved reporting on the status of stocks;
reviewing advances in stock identification, assessment for fisheries management and for the Ma-
rine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), including some exploratory stock assessments; re-
viewing impacts of human activities on cephalopods; developing identification guides and rec-
ommendations for fishery data collection; describing the value chain and evaluating market driv-
ers; and reviewing advances in research on environmental tolerance of cephalopods.
ToR A is supported by an annual data call for fishery and survey data. During 2019β2021, com-
pared to 1990β2020, cuttlefish remained the most important cephalopod group in terms of weight
landed along the European North Atlantic coast, while loliginid squid overtook octopus as the
second most important group. Short-finned squid remained the least important group in land-
ings although their relative importance was almost double in 2019β2022 compared to 1992β2020.
Total cephalopod landings have been fairly stable since 1992.
Cuttlefish landings are towards the low end of the recent range, part of a general downward
trend since 2004. Loliginid squid landings in 2019 were close to the maximum seen during the
last 20 years but totals for 2020 and 2021 were lower. Annual ommastrephid squid landings are
more variable than those of the other two groups and close to the maximum seen during 1992β
2021. Octopod landings have generally declined since 2002 but the amount landed in 2021 was
higher than in the previous four years.
Under ToR B we illustrate that the combination of genetic analysis and statolith shape analysis
is a promising method to provide some stock structure information for L. forbsii. With the sum-
mary of cephalopod assessments, we could illustrate that many cephalopod species could al-
ready be included into the MSFD. We further provide material from two reviews in preparation,
covering stock assessment methods and challenges faced for cephalopod fisheries management.
Finally, we summarise trends in abundance indices, noting evidence of recent declines in cuttle-
fish and some octopuses of the genus Eledone.
Under ToR C, we describe progress on the reviews of (i) anthropogenic impacts on cephalopods
and (ii) life history and ecology. In relation to life history, new information on Eledone cirrhosa
from Portugal is included.
Under ToR D we provide an update on identification guides, discuss best practice in fishery data
collection in relation to maturity determination and sampling intensity for fishery monitoring.
Among others, we recommend i) to include the sampling of cephalopods in any fishery that (a)
targets cephalopods, (b) targets both cephalopods and demersal fishes or (c) takes cephalopods
as an important bycatch, ii) Size-distribution sampling, iii) the use of standardized sampling pro-
tocols, iv) an increased sampling effort in cephalopod.
Work under ToR E on value chains and market drivers, in conjunction with the Cephs & Chefs
INTERREG project, has resulted in two papers being submitted. Abstracts of these are in the
report.
Finally, progress under ToR F on environmental tolerance limits of cephalopods and climate en-
velope models is discussed, noting the need to continue this work during the next cycle.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The significance of cephalopod beaks as a research tool: An update
The use of cephalopod beaks in ecological and population dynamics studies has allowed major advances of our knowledge on the role of cephalopods in marine ecosystems in the last 60Β years. Since the 1960βs, with the pioneering research by Malcolm Clarke and colleagues, cephalopod beaks (also named jaws or mandibles) have been described to species level and their measurements have been shown to be related to cephalopod body size and mass, which permitted important information to be obtained on numerous biological and ecological aspects of cephalopods in marine ecosystems. In the last decade, a range of new techniques has been applied to cephalopod beaks, permitting new kinds of insight into cephalopod biology and ecology. The workshop on cephalopod beaks of the Cephalopod International Advisory Council Conference (Sesimbra, Portugal) in 2022 aimed to review the most recent scientific developments in this field and to identify future challenges, particularly in relation to taxonomy, age, growth, chemical composition (i.e., DNA, proteomics, stable isotopes, trace elements) and physical (i.e., structural) analyses. In terms of taxonomy, new techniques (e.g., 3D geometric morphometrics) for identifying cephalopods from their beaks are being developed with promising results, although the need for experts and reference collections of cephalopod beaks will continue. The use of beak microstructure for age and growth studies has been validated. Stable isotope analyses on beaks have proven to be an excellent technique to get valuable information on the ecology of cephalopods (namely habitat and trophic position). Trace element analyses is also possible using beaks, where concentrations are significantly lower than in other tissues (e.g., muscle, digestive gland, gills). Extracting DNA from beaks was only possible in one study so far. Protein analyses can also be made using cephalopod beaks. Future challenges in research using cephalopod beaks are also discussed
Physico-mathematical modeling methods for the pressure distribution determination in the gas-dynamic bearing gap of the ball gyroscope
The considering problem in the article connects with solution methods of the specific questions in gas-dynamic lubrication theory. The comparative analysis of analytical and numerical methods for the calculating gas-dynamic bearing characteristics is provided. The main applying aspects of them for the solving of specific gas lubrication theory points are presented. This research is carried out for the investigated gap bearing geometry for the designed ball gyroscope construction. The main mathematical equation and results of developed numerical simulation for the pressure distribution determination are shown
Granulated asphalt mix based on industrial and domestic waste
The paper presents the results of experimental studies to identify the possibility of using large-tonnage industrial mineral waste in the production of asphalt concrete mixtures. As a raw material for the production of asphalt used phosphogypsum - waste production of phosphoric acid, resulting from the processing of apatite. The reserves of this product are measured in millions of tons and are constantly replenished, stored in open dumps, representing a serious threat to the environmental situation in the surrounding areas. Phosphogypsum is a mineral powder material, the dispersion characteristics of which correspond to the mineral powder in the production of asphalt concrete. The method of production of granulated as-falto-concrete mixture developed by the authors of the article by the method of rolling involves the use of a significantly higher content of expensive mineral powder in comparison with typical mixtures. Therefore, the use of cheap phosphogypsum for these purposes is very attractive. However, the first attempts to obtain a granulated product based on phosphogypsum were unsuccessful - the asphalt-concrete mixture did not withstand the effects of moisture. Further studies allowed us to solve the problem of material resistance by modifying bitumen with polyethylene terephthalate, one of the most common household plastic waste. The subject of the article is devoted to the development of prescription and regime parameters of the process of obtaining new material. Test methods for asphalt concrete are strictly standardized in connection with which standard techniques were used. As a result of the research, an asphalt-concrete mixture was obtained, surpassing typical materials in many performance characteristics and allowing to solve a global environmental problem
Granulated asphalt mix based on industrial and domestic waste
The paper presents the results of experimental studies to identify the possibility of using large-tonnage industrial mineral waste in the production of asphalt concrete mixtures. As a raw material for the production of asphalt used phosphogypsum - waste production of phosphoric acid, resulting from the processing of apatite. The reserves of this product are measured in millions of tons and are constantly replenished, stored in open dumps, representing a serious threat to the environmental situation in the surrounding areas. Phosphogypsum is a mineral powder material, the dispersion characteristics of which correspond to the mineral powder in the production of asphalt concrete. The method of production of granulated as-falto-concrete mixture developed by the authors of the article by the method of rolling involves the use of a significantly higher content of expensive mineral powder in comparison with typical mixtures. Therefore, the use of cheap phosphogypsum for these purposes is very attractive. However, the first attempts to obtain a granulated product based on phosphogypsum were unsuccessful - the asphalt-concrete mixture did not withstand the effects of moisture. Further studies allowed us to solve the problem of material resistance by modifying bitumen with polyethylene terephthalate, one of the most common household plastic waste. The subject of the article is devoted to the development of prescription and regime parameters of the process of obtaining new material. Test methods for asphalt concrete are strictly standardized in connection with which standard techniques were used. As a result of the research, an asphalt-concrete mixture was obtained, surpassing typical materials in many performance characteristics and allowing to solve a global environmental problem
Reproductive Biology of the Golden Cuttlefish Sepia esculenta (Cephalopoda, Sepiida)
The golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta is the one of most abundant cuttlefish species around south-east Asia and has a high commercial value. Despite its wide distribution and high commercial value, its reproductive biology is still poorly understood. This study was based on 25 males and 6 females. The potential fecundity (PF) of females was 1701β3719 oocytes, which was an increase, as compared to the previously known values. The oocyte resorption reached up to 13.2% of fecundity. The ovulation pattern was group-synchronous, with a predominance of previtellogenic oocytes. The pre-meiotic and primary growth oocyte phases were absent in mature females. The number of spermatophores carried by an individual male was 146β1698 (length 9β20 mm). The spermatophores were characterised by a cement body consisting of conical oral and cylindrical aboral parts. The ontogenetic changes in the spermatophores and their parts were recorded for the first time in the order of Sepiida. Their sperm content and their adhesive abilities also increased during ontogenesis. The data obtained in the present study significantly increased and corrected the existing knowledge of S. esculenta biology. Moreover, these data help to explain the general patterns of reproductive biology in cuttlefish, as well as in Cephalopoda as a whole