Mechanobiology of alveolar bone tissue in the molar region in rats with dental occlusal stress

Orientadores: Paulo Henrique Ferreira Caria, Felippe Bevilacqua PradoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Os fenômenos mecanobiológicos envolvem as características mecânicas do tecido, a nível microscópico, relacionadas às mudanças de metabolismo, apresentando mudanças estruturais e fisiológicas. Os estímulos mecânicos na estrutura óssea implicam na presença de tensões e deformações que resultam alterações na remodelação óssea. Nos tecidos dentoalveolares, especialmente no periodonto de suporte, são conhecidas as alterações estruturais resultantes da perda do equilíbrio da oclusão, especialmente no trauma oclusal. Para entender como ocorrem tais alterações mecânicas e respostas biológicas específicas nestes locais, estudos recentes propõem a aplicação da teoria do mecanostato associada à simulação computacional por análise de elementos finitos. Foram apresentados dois estudos para demonstrar as alterações nos estímulos mecânicos computacionalmente e relacionar com as respostas biológicas que alteraram estruturalmente o osso alveolar de suporte na região dos molares. No primeiro estudo foram utilizados animais que se submeteram à cirurgia de extração do segundo e terceiros molares inferiores, unilateralmente, permanecendo o primeiro molar em oclusal isoladamente, o qual ficou sujeito a um trauma oclusal. A oclusão no primeiro molar foi simulada por análise de elementos finitos e os resultados foram comparados com resultados em análise histológica. O estudo conclui que as regiões com aumento de compressão mecânica devido ao dente estar isolado foram compatíveis com áreas de reabsorção observadas histologicamente. O segundo estudo apresentou um modelo experimental de trauma oclusal em animais com a cimentação de resina sobre a superfície oclusal dos molares superiores, unilateralmente. A mordida posterior foi simulada em análise de elementos finitos para observar os estímulos mecânicos no osso alveolar de suporte tanto no primeiro molar superior quanto no inferior do lado com o trauma. Em comparação foi realizada microtomografia computadorizada para avaliar os efeitos biológicos resultando em alteração estrutura, na qual o volume da crista óssea alveolar foi mensurado. O estudo conclui que aumento da compressão observada computacionalmente, possibilita entender a causa da redução de volume óssea na região de interesse, sendo essa redução maior no molar superior, ou seja, com a presença do material cimentadoAbstract: The mechanobiology phenomena involve the mechanical characteristics of tissue in microscopic level, which is related to changes of metabolism and presenting structural and physiological alterations. The mechanical stimuli in bone structure imply in stresses and strain in the tissue which results in changes in bone remodeling. In dentoalveolar tissues, mainly in the supportive periodontium, the structural changes resulted by the loss of occlusal equilibrium are known. To understand how these mechanical changes occurs and its consequent biological responses, recent studies proposed the application of mechanostat theory associated to computational simulation by finite element analysis. Two studies were presented to demonstrate by computational method the changes in mechanical stimuli and relate to biological responses that resulted in structural changes in the alveolar bone support in molar region. In the first study, animals were submitted to extraction of second and third lower molars, unilaterally, and the first lower molar was kept, which was subject to occlusal stress. The molar occlusion was simulated by finite element analysis and the results were compared with histological analysis. The study concluded that the regions with increase of mechanical compression in isolated molar were compatible with resorption areas in histological observation. The second study presented an experimental model of occlusal stress in animals, where a resin block was cemented on the occlusal surface of upper molars, unilaterally. The posterior occlusion was simulated by finite element analysis to observe the mechanical stimuli both first upper and lower molars, in the same side of occlusal stress. In comparison, the micro-CT was performed to evaluate the biological effect resulting in structural changes, in which the alveolar bone crest volume was measured. The study conclude that the increase of compression, observed in computational analysis, gives the possibility to understand the cause of bone volume reduction in the region of interest, being this reduction was major in the upper molar support tissue, i.e. with the presence of cemented materialDoutoradoAnatomiaDoutor em Biologia Buco-Denta

The numerical computation of near-wall turbulent flow over a steep hill

The present work performs a detailed comparison between numerical computations for the flow over a two dimensional steep hill and some newly obtained laboratory data. Six turbulence models were tested: four eddy viscosity models (k– , RNG- , k–o, SST) and two second-moment models (SSG–RSM- , BSL–RSM-o). The experiments were conducted in a water channel and were specially planned such that the large separated flow region that is formed on the lee side of the hill could be well scrutinized. The experimental results include complete profiles of the mean velocity components and of the twodimensional Reynolds stress tensor and were obtained through the laser Doppler anemometry. A particular concern of this work has been to achieve a detailed experimental and numerical characterization of the near-wall flow region. As such, for most of the measuring stations, at least eight points were located in the viscous sublayer. The work also shows the distribution of wall-shear stress in detail. The o-equation-based models were observed to perform much better than the -equationbased models. The length of separated flow region, mean velocity profiles and wall-shear stress were all reasonably well predicted. The flow properties on the hill top were particularly difficult to describe. The turbulence properties in the reversed flow region were best simulated by the BSL–RSM model. r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Indisponível

Estudo Sobre Investimentos e Legados da Copa do Mundo de 2014 em Cuaibá/MT

Resumo de pesquisa apresentado no encontro anual de 2014Rede CEDE

Agronomic practices change the patterns of soil glomalin in olive rainfed orchards

Glomalin, a thermostable hydrophobic glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plays an important role in the stability of soil aggregates and in the sequestration of C, N and heavy metals, being their concentrations dependent from agronomic practices such as tillage and application of pesticides and fertilizers. Despite the recognized importance of glomalin in soil quality, studies on olive groves are scarce. The study conducted on summer 2017 in three different rain fed orchards (cv. Cobran~osa) of Northeast Portugal revealed that both total glomalin, measured as Bradford-reactive soil protein (T-BRSP}, and the easily extractable Bradford-reactive soil protein (EE-BRSP) concentrations were lower under mechanical cultivation than on a permanent sward grazed with a flock of sheep or than on an annual legume cover crop. Moreover, higher TBRSP and EE-BRSP levels were found on orchards without phosphorus and boron supply, and also on the top soil layer (0.1 0 cm) and on tree row, mainly in younger orchards. Interestingly, one soil presented a twofold superior EE-BRSP: T- BRSP ratio than the other two soils, representing an increase of labile g lomalin, probably re lated with greater applications of copper formulations to control olive fungal diseases. This study demonstrated that less disruptive agronomic practices influences positivety the levels of glomalin, an appropriate indicator of healthy soil conditions, which in turn may favour carbon sequestration.This work was funded by the INTERACT project - •Integrative Research in Environment, Agro-Chains and Technology': no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER- 000017, in its lines of research entitled I SAC, eo-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photoelastic and finite element analyses of occlusal loads in mandibular body

This study proposed to evaluate the mandibular biomechanics in the posterior dentition based on experimental and computational analyses. The analyses were performed on a model of human mandible, which was modeled by epoxy resin for photoelastic analysis and by computer-aided design for finite element analysis. To standardize the evaluation, specific areas were determined at the lateral surface of mandibular body. The photoelastic analysis was configured through a vertical load on the first upper molar and fixed support at the ramus of mandible. The same configuration was used in the computer simulation. Force magnitudes of 50, 100, 150, and 200 N were applied to evaluate the bone stress. The stress results presented similar distribution in both analyses, with the more intense stress being at retromolar area and oblique line and alveolar process at molar level. This study presented the similarity of results in the experimental and computational analyses and, thus, showed the high importance of morphology biomechanical characterization at posterior dentition.This study proposed to evaluate the mandibular biomechanics in the posterior dentition based on experimental and computational analyses. The analyses were performed on a model of human mandible, which was modeled by epoxy resin for photoelastic analysis a2014CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informaçã

O FUTEBOL AMERICANO NUMA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICO-SOCIOLÓGICA: O CASO DE MATO GROSSO

Resumo: O futebol americano é um esporte ainda pouco analisado no campo acadêmico. Em Mato- Grosso, sua história inicia há quase 14 anos, quando em 2002 houve a primeira “brincadeira” com a bola oval na capital Cuiabá. No início de 2016, havia no estado cinco equipes na modalidade masculina e duas na modalidade feminina, num momento de busca pela profissionalização. Conhecer acerca do seu desenvolvimento possibilita compreender um fenômeno contemporâneo, assim, este artigo buscou numa análise da história das equipes mato-grossense, elementos para uma análise sociológica que evidencia um processo de esportivização, onde o futebol americano parte de uma atividade lúdica para uma institucionalização esportiva, refletindo um cenário nacional de desenvolvimento da modalidade e estruturação de um campo.Palavras-chaves: futebol americano; esportivização; Mato-Grosso. The American Football a historical-sociological perspective: the case of Mato Grosso Sumary: The American football is a sport still a little discussed in the academic field. In Mato-Grosso, its history started almost 14 years ago, when in 2002 we had the first "Play" with the oval ball at the Capital Cuiaba. At the beginning of 2016, there were 5 man's teams and 2 woman's teams over the state looking for professionalization. Knowing about its development enable you to understand a contemporary phenomenon, thereby, this article searched an analysis of the Mato-Grosso Teams history, elements for a sociological analysis which shows sportivization process, where the American football part of a playful activity for institutionalization sports, reflecting a national setting of the sport development and structuring a field.Keywords: Football; sportivization; Mato-Grosso

Nanocompósitos para a Adsorção de Fármacos: estudo e monitoramento tecnológico

The presence of pharmaceutical compounds has been widely identified in water and effluents, mainly due to the increase in their production and consumption. The great worldwide demand for low environmental impact, combined with the growing need for more efficient and competitive water and sewage processes, since conventional treatments are not capable of completely removing these microcontaminants, has motivated the search for more efficient technologies, such as adsorption, in addition to the use of nanotechnology, such as nanoadsorbents. This article addresses a study and technological monitoring of the production of nanocomposites for the adsorption of drugs, using patents as sources of information. For data collection, the Questel Orbit® platform was used, applying the keywords for the searches “composite”, “adsorption”, “drugs” as input. The results of patent prospecting indicated that Chinese Universities and research institutions have the largest share of patents deposited and among the technologies related to nanocomposites, synthesis methods and their application in membranes and catalysis were the ones that stood out the most.A presença de compostos farmacêuticos tem sido amplamente detectada em águas e efluentes devido, principalmente, ao aumento na sua produção e no consumo. A grande demanda mundial por baixo impacto ambiental, combinada à necessidade crescente de processos de água e esgoto mais eficientes e competitivos, uma vez que os tratamentos convencionais não são capazes de remover totalmente esses microcontaminantes, tem motivado a busca de tecnologias mais eficientes, como adsorção, além da utilização da nanotecnologia, por exemplo, os nanoadsorventes. Este artigo aborda um estudo e monitoramento tecnológico da produção de nanocompósitos para a adsorção de fármacos, usando patentes como fontes de informação. Para levantamento dos dados foi utilizada a plataforma Questel Orbit®, aplicando como entrada as palavras-chave para as buscas “composite”, “adsorption”, “drugs”. Os resultados da prospecção de patentes indicaram que as universidades e as instituições de pesquisa chinesas possuem a maior parcela de patentes depositadas e entre as tecnologias relacionadas aos nanocompósitos os métodos de síntese e sua aplicação em membranas e na catálise foram as que mais se destacaram

Comprehensive in silico analysis of the TDP-43 protein variants related to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia: Abrangente na análise silicoanalítica das variantes proteicas TDP-43 relacionadas à Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica e Demência Frontotempor

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a highly disabling neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of voluntary motor activity. ALS is currently the most frequent adult-onset motor neuron disorder, which is associated with a major economic burden. Two drugs have already been approved to treat ALS, but they confer a limited survival benefit. In turn, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an early-onset and fatal dementia characterized by deficits in behavior, language, and executive function. FTD is the most frequent cause of pre-senile dementia after Alzheimer's. Currently, FTD has no cure and the available treatments are merely symptomatic. Missense mutations in TDP-43, a nuclear RNA/DNA-binding protein, are among the main causes associated with ALS and FTD. Nonetheless, most of these mutations are not yet characterized. To date, no complete three-dimensional structure has already been determined for TDP-43. In this work, we characterized the impact of missense mutations in TDP-43 using prediction algorithms, evolutionary conservation analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations (MD). We also performed structural modeling and validation of the TDP-43 protein. Two hundred and seven TDP-43 mutations were compiled from the databases and literature. The predictive analysis pointed to a moderate rate of deleterious and destabilizing mutations. Furthermore, most mutations occur at evolutionarily variable positions. Combining the predictive analyses into a penalty system, our findings suggested that the uncharacterized mutations Y43C, D201Y, F211S, I222T, K224N, A260D, P262T, and A321D are considered the most-likely deleterious, thus being important targets for future investigation. This work also provided an accurate, complete, and unprecedented three-dimensional structure for TDP-43 that can be used to identify and optimize potential drug candidates. At last, our MD findings pointed to a noticeable flexibility increase in functional domains upon K263E, G335D, M337V, and Q343R variants, which may cause non-native interactions and impaired TDP-43 recognition, ultimately leading to protein aggregation

Dredging impact on trace metal behavior in a polluted estuary: a discussion about sampling design

Studies involving coastal sediment resuspension have shown that trace metals could be released to the water column due to changes in physical-chemical conditions. Therefore, if environmental agencies adopt screening protocols with insufficient evaluations of contaminant mobilization risks for a given area, the prediction of environmental impacts caused by dredging may be limited. This work evaluates the influence of spatial variation on the geochemical mobility of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) after artificial sediment resuspension, using as study case the Iguaçu River estuary (Guanabara Bay, Brazil). The Iguaçu River drains the industrial complex of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro State, besides the presence of agriculture and the input of untreated domestic wastes. Surface estuarine sediments were submitted to resuspension experiments in an open system, during 1h and 24h of agitation on local water. A clear tendency of metals’ solubilization was observed after resuspension, especially considering the dissolved concentrations of Cu (average: 8.0 µg L-1) and Zn (average: 0.9 mg L-1), especially for the samples from the transects 2 and 3. However, evaluations of water quality changes due to sediment resuspension are not requested by the legislation regulating the dredging activities. In the sediments, the results suggested a higher geochemical mobility of Cu, indicated by the massive increase on the bioavailable fraction after resuspension, mainly on the transect number 3, on the river’s mouth. The effects of resuspension were distinct between samples, suggesting that even in a small scale, important differences on metals’ mobility are found. Thus, the combined assessment of changes in metal concentrations in water and in the metal partitioning linked to the solid-phase was demonstrated to be a promising tool for predicting the environmental risks of dredging due to changes in the bioavailability of metals