Distribution des principales espèces agroforestières à Watinoma, terroir du plateau central burkinabé, une résultante de contraintes écologiques et anthropiques

Watinoma is a village of the Burkina Faso Plateau central. It is located approximately 100 km in North of Ouagadougou, in Sudano-sahelian climate. The rainful average is 600 mm and reduced these last twenty years to 500 mm. In these conditions, the vegetation is contracted. Many trees are died and bare glacis increased. The main park agroforestry species show well a distinctive behaviour with a clear opposition between Butyrospermum paradoxum and Faidherbia albida what means both contrasted ecological and ethnobotanical characteristics. Faidherbia albida is found in two typical sites. At firstly in the sandy hydromorphic lowlands where the water table is accessible to the plant. At secondary near the village where is associated with Adansonia digitata and many exotic species, on young clay soil in contact with the origin rock. Butyrospermum paradoxum is on a stone slab as soon as the deep of soil exceeds 80 cm. On thinner soils, we meet other species like Lannea microcarpa, Sclerocarya birrea and Bombax costatum. Faidherbia has good regeneration, particulary around the habitat, here, the seeds are brought with the manures. But in these conditions of regeneration, the seedlings don't develop, on the one hand because the edaphic conditions aren't favourable, on the other hand because the farmers continuously cut down them. The regeneration of Butyrospermum paradoxum is not very good. It is restricted to the fallow area. The farmers protect the seedlings provided that they sufficiently developped. Parkia biglobosa also should be protected its regeneration was effective.Watinoma est un village du Plateau Central burkinabé, situé à une centaine de kilomètres au nord de la capitale, en zone soudano-sahélienne, dans la zone des roches vertes. La pluviométrie moyenne est de 600 mm et s'est réduit à 500 mm ces 20 dernières années. Dans ces conditions la végétation s'est contractée. Beaucoup d'arbres sont morts et les glacis dénudés se sont étendus. Les principales espèces du parc agroforestier montrent un comportement bien individualisé avec une opposition nette entre le karité et le Faidherbia qui traduit à la fois des caractères écologiques et ethnobotaniques (perception paysanne) contrastés. Faidherbia se rencontre dans deux types de situations : dans les bas-fonds sableux où la nappe phréatique existe et est accessible (présence de puits) et autour du village, en association avec le baobab et de nombreuses espèces exotiques, sur des sols argileux jeunes en contact avec la roche mère. Le karité est présent sur les sols sur cuirasse là où leur épaisseur dépasse 80 cm. Les sols plus minces portent d'autres espèces agroforestières dont le raisinier, le prunier et le kapokier rouge. La régénération de Faidherbia est abondante, surtout dans la zone du village, où les graines sont apportées avec les fumiers. Mais dans ces conditions les plants n'évoluent pas, d'une part parce que les conditions édaphiques ne sont pas favorables, d'autre part parce que les paysans les rabattent constamment. La régénération du karité est, elle, peu abondante, limitée aux zones en jachère. Les paysans protègent les plants pourvu qu'ils soient suffisamment développés. Le néré serait aussi protégé si sa régénération existait, ce qui n'est plus le cas avec la sécheresse actuelle.Ouedraogo Sibiri Jean, Alexandre Daniel-Yves. Distribution des principales espèces agroforestières à Watinoma, terroir du Plateau Central burkinabé, une résultante de contraintes écologiques et anthropiques. In: Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 36ᵉ année, bulletin n°1,1994. pp. 101-111

Examination of the structure and grade-related differentiation of multidimensional self-concept instruments for children using ESEM

This study is a substantive-methodological synergy in which exploratory structural equation modeling is applied to investigate the factor structure of multidimensional self-concept instruments. On the basis of a sample of German students (N = 1958) who completed the Self-Description Questionnaire I and the Self-Perception Profile for Children, the results supported the superiority of exploratory structural equation modeling compared with confirmatory factor analyses for both instruments. Exploratory structural equation modeling resulted in lower factor correlations and substantively meaningful cross-loadings. The authors also proposed and contrasted 3 mechanisms for testing grade-related differences in the differentiation of self-concept facets and found no evidence of increased differentiation between Grades 3 to 6

Performance of prognostic risk scores in chronic heart failure patients enrolled in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure long-term registry

[Abstract] Objectives. This study compared the performance of major heart failure (HF) risk models in predicting mortality and examined their utilization using data from a contemporary multinational registry. Background. Several prognostic risk scores have been developed for ambulatory HF patients, but their precision is still inadequate and their use limited. Methods. This registry enrolled patients with HF seen in participating European centers between May 2011 and April 2013. The following scores designed to estimate 1- to 2-year all-cause mortality were calculated in each participant: CHARM (Candesartan in Heart Failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality), GISSI-HF (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico-Heart Failure), MAGGIC (Meta-analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure), and SHFM (Seattle Heart Failure Model). Patients with hospitalized HF (n = 6,920) and ambulatory HF patients missing any variable needed to estimate each score (n = 3,267) were excluded, leaving a final sample of 6,161 patients. Results. At 1-year follow-up, 5,653 of 6,161 patients (91.8%) were alive. The observed-to-predicted survival ratios (CHARM: 1.10, GISSI-HF: 1.08, MAGGIC: 1.03, and SHFM: 0.98) suggested some overestimation of mortality by all scores except the SHFM. Overprediction occurred steadily across levels of risk using both the CHARM and the GISSI-HF, whereas the SHFM underpredicted mortality in all risk groups except the highest. The MAGGIC showed the best overall accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.743), similar to the GISSI-HF (AUC = 0.739; p = 0.419) but better than the CHARM (AUC = 0.729; p = 0.068) and particularly better than the SHFM (AUC = 0.714; p = 0.018). Less than 1% of patients received a prognostic estimate from their enrolling physician. Conclusions. Performance of prognostic risk scores is still limited and physicians are reluctant to use them in daily practice. The need for contemporary, more precise prognostic tools should be considered

Electromagnetically induced transparency on a single artificial atom

We present experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on a single macroscopic artificial “atom” (superconducting quantum system) coupled to open 1D space of a transmission line. Unlike in an optical media with many atoms, the single-atom EIT in 1D space is revealed in suppression of reflection of electromagnetic waves, rather than absorption. The observed almost 100% modulation of the reflection and transmission of propagating microwaves demonstrates full controllability of individual artificial atoms and a possibility to manipulate the atomic states. The system can be used as a switchable mirror of microwaves and opens a good perspective for its applications in photonic quantum information processing and other fields

Current-density functional for disordered systems

The effective action for the current and density is shown to satisfy an evolution equation, the functional generalization of Callan-Symanzik equation. The solution describes the dependence of the one-particle irreducible vertex functions on the strength of the quenched disorder and the annealed Coulomb interaction. The result is non-perturbative, no small parameter is assumed. The a.c. conductivity is obtained by the numerical solution of the evolution equation on finite lattices in the absence of the Coulomb interaction. The static limit is performed and the conductivity is found to be vanishing beyond a certain threshold of the impurity strength.Comment: final version, 28 pages, 17 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Emotional labour profiles: associations with key predictors and outcomes

The present study examines how three emotional labor strategies (hiding feelings, faking emotions, and deep acting) combine within different profiles of workers among two samples characterized by different types and intensity of customer contact. In addition, this research investigates the role of perceived workload as well as perceived organizational support, supervisor support, and colleagues support in the prediction of profile membership. Finally, this research also documents the relation between emotional labor profiles and adaptive and maladaptive work outcomes (job satisfaction, work performance, emotional exhaustion, sleeping problems, psychological detachment, and counterproductive work behaviors). Latent profile analysis revealed three similar emotional labor profiles in both samples. Results also showed the most desirable levels on all outcomes to be associated with Profile 3 (Low Emotional Labor/Low Surface Acting and Moderate Deep Acting), followed by Profile 2 (Moderate Emotional Labor/Moderate Surface Acting and High Deep Acting) and Profile 1 (H igh Emotional Labor), with most comparisons being statistically significant in both samples. In contrast, a more diversified pattern of findings was observed in the prediction of profile membership. For instance, perceived colleagues support did not predict membership into any of the profiles, while supervisor support predicted an increased likelihood of membership into Profile 3 relative to Profiles 1 and 2

Resonance fluorescence of a single artificial atom

An atom in open space can be detected by means of resonant absorption and reemission of electromagnetic waves, known as resonance fluorescence, which is a fundamental phenomenon of quantum optics. We report on the observation of scattering of propagating waves by a single artificial atom. The behavior of the artificial atom, a superconducting macroscopic two-level system, is in a quantitative agreement with the predictions of quantum optics for a pointlike scatterer interacting with the electromagnetic field in one-dimensional open space. The strong atom-field interaction as revealed in a high degree of extinction of propagating waves will allow applications of controllable artificial atoms in quantum optics and photonics

The short form of the Workplace Affective Commitment Multidimensional Questionnaire (WACMQ-S): A bifactor-ESEM approach among healthcare professionals

Although it has long been recognized that employees' workplace affective commitment can be directed at a variety of foci, theory and research on this multifocal perspective remain underdeveloped, possibly due to the lack of a short, yet comprehensive measure. The purpose of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of a newly developed short (24-item) version of the Workplace Affective Commitment Multidimensional Questionnaire (WACMQ-S), covering affective commitment directed at the organization, supervisor, coworkers, customers, tasks, profession, work, and career. Using two independent samples of English - (N = 676, including 648 females) and French - (N = 733, including 593 females) speaking healthcare professionals and the newly developed bifactor-ESEM framework, the present study supported the factor validity, composite reliability, test-retest reliability, linguistic invariance, and criterion-related validity (in relation to turnover intentions, in-role performance, and organizational citizenship behaviors) of the WACMQ-S ratings. The results also demonstrated the superiority of a bifactor-ESEM representation of WACMQ-S ratings, confirming the importance of taking into account employees' global levels of commitment to their work life. Finally, the results also proved to be fully generalizable to subsamples of hospital and community healthcare professionals, as well as of nurses and beneficiary attendants

Circulating heart failure biomarkers beyond natriuretic peptides:review from the Biomarker Study Group of the Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

New biomarkers are being evaluated for their ability to advance the management of patients with heart failure. Despite a large pool of interesting candidate biomarkers, besides natriuretic peptides virtually none have succeeded in being applied into the clinical setting. In this review, we examine the most promising emerging candidates for clinical assessment and management of patients with heart failure. We discuss high-sensitivity cardiac troponins (Tn), procalcitonin, novel kidney markers, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), galectin-3, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146), neprilysin, adrenomedullin (ADM), and also discuss proteomics and genetic-based risk scores. We focused on guidance and assistance with daily clinical care decision-making. For each biomarker, analytical considerations are discussed, as well as performance regarding diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, we discuss potential implementation in clinical algorithms and in ongoing clinical trials.</p