1,506 research outputs found
Josephson effect in superconducting constrictions with hybrid SF electrodes: peculiar properties determined by the misorientation of magnetizations
Josephson current in SFcFS junctions with arbitrary transparency of the
constriction (c) is investigated. The emphasis is done on the analysis of the
supercurrent dependencies on the misorientation angle between the
in-plane magnetizations of diffusive ferromagnetic layers (F). It is found that
the current-phase relation may be radically modified with the variation: the harmonic vanishes for definite value of
provided for identical orientation of the magnetizations () the junction is in the state. The Josephson current may exhibit a
nonmonotonic dependence on the misorientation angle both for realization of and state at . We also analyze the effect of exchange
field induced enhancement of the critical current which may occur in definite
range of .Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to JETP Letter
Theory of pairing symmetry inside the Abrikosov vortex core
We show that the Cooper pair wave function at the center of an Abrikosov
vortex with vorticity m has different parity with respect to frequency from
that in the bulk if m is an odd number and has the same parity if m is an even
number. As a result, in a conventional vortex with m=1, the local density of
states at the Fermi energy has a maximum (minimum) at the center of the vortex
core in even(odd)-frequency superconductor. We propose a scanning tunneling
microscope experiment using a superconducting tip to explore odd-frequency
superconductivity.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
The trigonal polymorph of strontium tetraborate, β-SrB4O7
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, β-SrB4O7, contains five Sr atoms (three located on a threefold rotation axis), twelve B and 21 O atoms. The structure is made up from BO3 triangles and BO4 tetrahedra in a 1:1 ratio. Pairs of BO3 triangles are linked to BO4 tetrahedra via common corners, forming chains. These chains are further linked to adjacent chains through corner-sharing, leading to a three-dimensional framework with channels running parallel to [001]. The Sr2+ ions reside in the channels and exhibit strongly distorted polyhedra The density of the β-polymorph is considerably lower than that of α-SrB4O7, which is constructed solely from BO4 tetrahedra
High Temperature Treatment of Diamond Particles Toward Enhancement of Their Quantum Properties
Fluorescence of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center of diamond is sensitive to external electromagnetic fields, lattice strain, and temperature due to the unique triplet configuration of its spin states. Their use in particulate diamond allows for the possibility of localized sensing and magnetic-contrast-based differential imaging in complex environments with high fluorescent background. However, current methods of NV(-)production in diamond particles are accompanied by the formation of a large number of parasitic defects and lattice distortions resulting in deterioration of the NV(-)performance. Therefore, there are significant efforts to improve the quantum properties of diamond particles to advance the field. Recently it was shown that rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at temperatures much exceeding the standard temperatures used for NV(-)production can efficiently eliminate parasitic paramagnetic impurities and, as a result, by an order of magnitude improve the degree of hyperpolarization of(13)C via polarization transfer from optically polarized NV(-)centers in micron-sized particles. Here, we demonstrate that RTA also improves the maximum achievable magnetic modulation of NV(-)fluorescence in micron-sized diamond by about 4x over conventionally produced diamond particles endowed with NV-. This advancement can continue to bridge the pathway toward developing nano-sized diamond with improved qualities for quantum sensing and imaging
Measuring phonon dephasing with ultrafast pulses using Raman spectral interference
A technique to measure the decoherence time of optical phonons in a solid is presented. Phonons are excited with a pair of time-delayed 80 fs near infrared pulses via spontaneous transient Raman scattering. The spectral fringe visibility of the resulting Raman pulse pair, as a function of time delay, is used to measure the phonon dephasing time. The method avoids the need to use either narrow band or few femtosecond pulses and is useful for low phonon excitations. The dephasing time of phonons created in bulk diamond is measured to be τ=6.8 ps (Δν=1.56 cm-1). ©2008 The American Physical Society
Manifestation of triplet superconductivity in superconductor-ferromagnet structures
We study proximity effects in a multilayered superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F)
structure with arbitrary relative directions of the magnetization . If
the magnetizations of different layers are collinear the superconducting
condensate function induced in the F layers has only a singlet component and a
triplet one with a zero projection of the total magnetic moment of the Cooper
pairs on the direction. In this case the condensate penetrates the F
layers over a short length determined by the exchange energy . If
the magnetizations are not collinear the triplet component has, in
addition to the zero projection, the projections . The latter component
is even in the momentum, odd in the Matsubara frequency and penetrates the F
layers over a long distance that increases with decreasing temperature and does
not depend on (spin-orbit interaction limits this length). If the thickness
of the F layers is much larger than , the Josephson coupling between
neighboring S layers is provided only by the triplet component, so that a new
type of superconductivity arises in the transverse direction of the structure.
The Josephson critical current is positive (negative) for the case of a
positive (negative) chirality of the vector . We demonstrate that this
type of the triplet condensate can be detected also by measuring the density of
states in F/S/F structures.Comment: 14 pages; 9 figures. Final version, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment (EMME): An overview and first results of the St. Petersburg megacity campaign 2019
Global climate change is one of the most important scientific, societal and economic contemporary challenges. Fundamental understanding of the major processes driving climate change is the key problem which is to be solved not only on a global but also on a regional scale. The accuracy of regional climate modelling depends on a number of factors. One of these factors is the adequate and comprehensive information on the anthropogenic impact which is highest in industrial regions and areas with dense population – modern megacities. Megacities are not only “heat islands”, but also significant sources of emissions of various substances into the atmosphere, including greenhouse and reactive gases. In 2019, the mobile experiment EMME (Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment) was conducted within the St. Petersburg agglomeration (Russia) aiming to estimate the emission intensity of greenhouse (CO, CH) nd reactive (CO, NO) gases for St. Petersburg, which is the largest northern megacity. St. Petersburg State University (Russia), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany) and the University of Bremen (Germany) jointly ran this experiment. The core instruments of the campaign were two portable Bruker EM27/SUN Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers which were used for ground-based remote sensing measurements of the total column amount of CO, CH and CO at upwind and downwind locations on opposite sides of the city. The NO tropospheric column amount was observed along a circular highway around the city by continuous mobile measurements of scattered solar visible radiation with an OceanOptics HR4000 spectrometer using the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique. Simultaneously, air samples were collected in air bags for subsequent laboratory analysis. The air samples were taken at the locations of FTIR observations at the ground level and also at altitudes of about 100 m when air bags were lifted by a kite (in case of suitable landscape and favourable wind conditions). The entire campaign consisted of 11 mostly cloudless days of measurements in March–April 2019. Planning of measurements for each day included the determination of optimal location for FTIR spectrometers based on weather forecasts, combined with the numerical modelling of the pollution transport in the megacity area. The real-time corrections of the FTIR operation sites were performed depending on the actual evolution of the megacity NO plume as detected by the mobile DOAS observations. The estimates of the St. Petersburg emission intensities for the considered greenhouse and reactive gases were obtained by coupling a box model and the results of the EMME observational campaign using the mass balance approach. The CO emission flux for St. Petersburg as an area source was estimated to be 89 ± 28 ktkm yr , which is 2 times higher than the corresponding value in the EDGAR database. The experiment revealed the CH emission flux of 135 ± 68 tkm yr , which is about 1 order of magnitude greater than the value reported by the official inventories of St. Petersburg emissions (∼ 25 tkm yr or 2017). At the same time, for the urban territory of St. Petersburg, both the EMME experiment and the official inventories for 2017 give similar results for the CO anthropogenic flux (251 ± 104 tkm yr s. 410 tkm yr ) nd for the NO anthropogenic flux (66 ± 28 tkm yr vs. 69 tkm yr )
Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR
Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to
explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC
energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing
net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was
created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the
hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities
and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a
rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and
partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like
quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in
our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of
various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter
(CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD
phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is
designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the
key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential
observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense
phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100
(sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD
matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500
MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as
it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we
review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including
activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the
worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Published in European Physical Journal
Opportunities for mesoscopics in thermometry and refrigeration: Physics and applications
This review presents an overview of the thermal properties of mesoscopic
structures. The discussion is based on the concept of electron energy
distribution, and, in particular, on controlling and probing it. The
temperature of an electron gas is determined by this distribution:
refrigeration is equivalent to narrowing it, and thermometry is probing its
convolution with a function characterizing the measuring device. Temperature
exists, strictly speaking, only in quasiequilibrium in which the distribution
follows the Fermi-Dirac form. Interesting nonequilibrium deviations can occur
due to slow relaxation rates of the electrons, e.g., among themselves or with
lattice phonons. Observation and applications of nonequilibrium phenomena are
also discussed. The focus in this paper is at low temperatures, primarily below
4 K, where physical phenomena on mesoscopic scales and hybrid combinations of
various types of materials, e.g., superconductors, normal metals, insulators,
and doped semiconductors, open up a rich variety of device concepts. This
review starts with an introduction to theoretical concepts and experimental
results on thermal properties of mesoscopic structures. Then thermometry and
refrigeration are examined with an emphasis on experiments. An immediate
application of solid-state refrigeration and thermometry is in ultrasensitive
radiation detection, which is discussed in depth. This review concludes with a
summary of pertinent fabrication methods of presented devices.Comment: Close to the version published in RMP; 59 pages, 35 figure
Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics
A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS
detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and
jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the
trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes,
within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series
of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with
particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of
operation of the LHC at CERN
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