Metodologías usadas en el cálculo de la eficiencia técnica en captaciones de ladera, río y galerías filtrantes para sistemas de agua potable rural

En la presente investigación se tiene como objetivo analizar las metodologías en captaciones de ladera, río y galerías filtrantes, para medir la eficiencia técnica en sistemas de agua potable rural, se aplicó a 25 artículos científicos seleccionados de acuerdo a criterio y conveniencia del investigador, empleando técnica de recolección de datos (Revisión Documental) que nos sirvió para analizar como determinaron la eficiencia en cada tipo de captación ya sea ladera, río o galerías filtrantes. Para ordenar la información encontrada en las diferentes herramientas virtuales, se elaboraron instrumentos de recolección que fueron aplicados a la muestra, estos instrumentos son tres fichas resumen que fueron validadas por profesionales expertos: en la primera ficha resumen se considera el título, autor, asesor, año y país; en la segunda ficha se cree conveniente considerar el objetivo, la metodología y el procedimiento; en la tercera ficha contiene datos como los resultados y las conclusiones. Para analizar el conjunto de datos se aplicó estadística descriptiva – cualitativa, plasmándolos mediante tablas, gráficos y diagramas para facilitar su interpretación. Los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que la metodología de Proyecto Piloto Agua y Saneamiento (PROPILAS), es la más eficiente ya que tiene un 67% eficiencia alta, en los análisis de los estudios realizados en cada componente del sistema operativo contaba con operación y mantenimiento continuo en todas las partes que conforman el sistema de agua potable rural, con lo cual se demuestra la hipótesis

Diagnóstico de necesidades de formación de los docentes de bachillerato y su pertinencia en la enseñanza – aprendizaje en los estudiantes previo a la prueba Ser Bachiller. Unidad Educativa Internacional Ibero Americano, Cantón Riobamba, provincia de Chimb

Introduction. At present, in a globalized world with constant technological development, changes are being promoted in different fields such as health, companies, the media, among others. Objective. The present research work entitled Diagnosis of training needs of high school teachers and their relevance in teaching-learning in students prior to the Baccalaureate test; It was carried out with the objective of knowing the training needs of the high school teachers of the Ibero-American International Educational Unit of the Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province, in the academic period 2016 - 2017. Methodology. For the research process, the entire population was taken as a sample, made up of nine teachers and seventy high school students; the analytical-synthetic method, the inductive and deductive method, the statistical method, the hermeneutical method was put into practice; With the survey as a technique and the questionnaire as a tool, data was collected, which were classified and analyzed through statistical tables. Results. It was possible to detect that 90% of high school teachers have training needs in topics related to pedagogy, didactics, methodological strategies, activities for the development of skills, preparation and evaluation of projects, neurophysiology of learning. Conclusion. According to the analysis carried out, the high school teachers have third level academic training; there are teachers who have not been trained in the field of pedagogy.Introducción. En la actualidad ante un mundo globalizado y de constante desarrollo tecnológico se están promoviendo cambios en los diferentes campos como la salud, las empresas, medios de comunicación, entre otros. Objetivo. El presente trabajo de investigación titulado Diagnóstico de necesidades de formación de los docentes de bachillerato y su pertinencia en la enseñanza–aprendizaje en los estudiantes previo a la prueba Ser Bachiller; se realizó con el objetivo de conocer las necesidades de formación de los docentes de bachillerato de la unidad Educativa Internacional Ibero Americano del cantón Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo, en el periodo académico 2016 – 2017. Metodología. Para el proceso de investigación se tomó como muestra la totalidad de la población, conformada por nueve docentes y setenta estudiantes de bachillerato; se puso en práctica el método analítico-sintético, el método inductivo y el deductivo, el método estadístico, el método hermenéutico; con la encuesta como técnica y como herramienta el cuestionario, se realizó la recolección de datos los mismos que fueron clasificados y analizados a través de tablas estadísticas. Resultados. Se logró detectar que un 90% de los docentes de bachillerato tienen necesidades de formación en temas referentes a pedagogía, didáctica, estrategias metodológicas, actividades para el desarrollo de destrezas, preparación y evaluación de proyectos, neurofisiología del aprendizaje. Conclusión. De acuerdo al análisis realizado los docentes de bachillerato tienen formación académica de tercer nivel; existiendo docentes que no se han formado en el ámbito de la pedagogía

Virulence and resistance properties of E. coli isolated from urine samples of hospitalized patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - The role of mobile genetic elements

Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) is the most frequent etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Particular evolutionary successful lineages are associated with severe UTIs and higher incidences of multidrug resistance. Most of the resistance genes are acquired by horizontal transfer of plasmids and other mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and this process has been associated with the successful dissemination of particular lineages. Here, we identified the presence of MGEs and their role in virulence and resistance profiles of isolates obtained from the urine of hospitalized patients in Brazil. Isolates belonging to the successful evolutionary lineages of sequence type (ST) 131, ST405, and ST648 were found to be multidrug-resistant, while those belonging to ST69 and ST73 were often not. Among the ST131, ST405, and ST648 isolates with a resistant phenotype, a high number of mainly IncFII plasmids was identified. The plasmids contained resistance cassettes, and these were also found within phage-related sequences and the chromosome of the isolates. The resistance cassettes were found to harbor several resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-15. In addition, in ST131 isolates, diverse pathogenicity islands similar to those found in highly virulent ST73 isolates were detected. Also, a new genomic island associated with several virulence genes was identified in ST69 and ST131 isolates. In addition, several other MGEs present in the ST131 reference strain EC958 were identified in our isolates, most of them exclusively in ST131 isolates. In contrast, genomic islands present in this reference strain were only partially present or completely absent in our ST131 isolates. Of all isolates studied, ST73 and ST131 isolates had the most similar virulence profile. Overall, no clear association was found between the presence of specific MGEs and virulence profiles. Furthermore, the interplay between virulence and resistance by acquiring MGEs seemed to be lineage dependent. Although the acquisition of IncF plasmids, specific PAIs, GIs, and other MGEs seemed to be involved in the success of some lineages, it cannot explain the success of different lineages, also indicating other (host) factors are involved in this process. Nevertheless, the detection, identification, and surveillance of lineage-specific MGEs may be useful to monitor (new) emerging clones

Profile of pterostilbene-induced redox homeostasis modulation in cardiac myoblasts and heart tissue

This study was designed to investigate the effect of pterostilbene (PTS) on cardiac oxidative stress in vitro, as this is a simple and promising methodology to study cardiac disease. Cardiac myoblasts (H9c2 cells) and homogenised cardiac tissue were incubated with the PTS and cyclodextrin (PTS ? HPbCD) complex for 1 and 24 h, respectively, at concentrations of 50 lM for the cells and 25 and 50 lM for cardiac tissue. The PTS ? HPbCD complex was used to increase the solubility of PTS in water. After the pretreatment period, cardiomyoblasts were challenged with hydrogen peroxide (6.67 lM) for 10 min, while cardiac tissue was submitted to a hydroxyl radical generator system (30 min). Cellular viability, oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g. total reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl assay and lipoperoxidation) and the antioxidant response (e.g. sulfhydryl and the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) were evaluated. In cardiomyoblasts, the PTS ? HPbCD complex (50 lM) increased cellular viability. Moreover, the PTS ? HPbCD complex also significantly increased sulfhydryl levels in the cells submitted to an oxidative challenge. In cardiac tissue, lipid peroxidation, carbonyls and ROS levels were significantly increased in the groups submitted to oxidative damage, while the PTS ? HPbCD complex significantly reduced ROS levels in these groups. In addition, the PTS ? HPbCD complex also provoked increased catalase activity in both experimental protocols. These data suggest that the PTS ? HPbCD complex may play a cardioprotective role through a reduction of ROS levels associated with an improved antioxidant response

Identification of Potential Inhibitors from Pyriproxyfen with Insecticidal Activity by Virtual Screening

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue fever transmission, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya in tropical and subtropical regions and it is considered to cause health risks to millions of people in the world. In this study, we search to obtain new molecules with insecticidal potential against Ae. aegypti via virtual screening. Pyriproxyfen was chosen as a template compound to search molecules in the database Zinc_Natural_Stock (ZNSt) with structural similarity using ROCS (rapid overlay of chemical structures) and EON (electrostatic similarity) software, and in the final search, the top 100 were selected. Subsequently, in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties were determined resulting in a total of 14 molecules, and these were submitted to the PASS online server for the prediction of biological insecticide and acetylcholinesterase activities, and only two selected molecules followed for the molecular docking study to evaluate the binding free energy and interaction mode. After these procedures were performed, toxicity risk assessment such as LD50 values in mg/kg and toxicity class using the PROTOX online server, were undertaken. Molecule ZINC00001624 presented potential for inhibition for the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (insect and human) with a binding affinity value of -10.5 and -10.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The interaction with the juvenile hormone was -11.4 kcal/mol for the molecule ZINC00001021. Molecules ZINC00001021 and ZINC00001624 had excellent predictions in all the steps of the study and may be indicated as the most promising molecules resulting from the virtual screening of new insecticidal agents.Federal University of Amapá, Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity-Network BIONORTE, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for funding in the publication of this article

Decreased PGC1-α levels and increased apoptotic protein signaling are associated with the maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy in hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism can lead to the activation of proteins which are associated with inflammation, apoptosis, hypertrophy, and heart failure. This study aimed to explore the inflammatory and apoptotic proteins involved in the hyperthyroidism-induced cardiac hypertrophy establishment. Male Wistar rats were divided into control and hyperthyroid (12 mg/L L-thyroxine, in drinking water for 28 days) groups. The expression of inflammatory and apoptotic signaling proteins was quantified in the left ventricle by Western blot. Hyperthyroidism was confirmed by evaluation of T3 and T4 levels, as well as cardiac hypertrophy development. There was no change in the expression of HSP70, HIF1-a, TNF-a, MyD88, p-NFjB, NFjB, p-p38, and p38. Reduced expression of p53 and PGC1-a was associated with increased TLR4 and decreased IL-10 expression. Decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were also observed. The results suggest that reduced PGC1-a and IL-10, and elevated TLR4 proteins expression could be involved with the diminished mitochondrial biogenesis and anti-inflammatory response, as well as cell death signaling, in the establishment of hyperthyroidism-induced maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy

Corrigendum:Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates from Urine Samples of Hospitalized Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Frontiers in Microbiology, (2018), 9, (243), 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00243)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00243.]