PROGRAMA DIVERPET: : Saúde de cães e gatos e a educação - resultados parciais

Abordando a saúde de cães e gatos e meio ambiente o Programa DiverPet surge como uma ferramenta para promover a educação com foco n o bem bem-estar único único. Realizando para isso, ações de extensão com crianças de 7 a 9 anos, com o objetivo de ensinar os conceitos de bem-estar animal e humano, saúde animal, enriquecimento ambiental, meio ambiente , reciclagem e sustentabilidade. Na ação confeccionam-se brinquedos e materiais de enriquecimento ambiental para pets utilizando materiais recicláveis e de baixo custo e concomitantemente ensinando os conceitos às crianças. O programa beneficiou 141 crianças diretamente e obteve um aproveitamento de 92% atingindo o objetivo

Hypotensive effect and endothelium-dependent vascular action of leaves of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o perfil químico de folhas de Alpinia purpurata K. Schum (AP), assim como a reatividade vascular e o efeito hipotensor agudo (EHA) do extrato etanólico de folhas de AP (EEAP). Avliou-se o perfil químico utilizando-se HPLC-UV, ICP-OES e quantificação colorimétrica de flavonoides e polifenóis totais. A reatividade vascular foi determinada utilizando leito mesentérico isolado de ratos WKY. Curvas dose-resposta do EEAP e do material inorgânico da AP (IAP) foram realizadas em animais SHR e WKY. Determinaram-se a segurança citotóxica e mutagênica pelo teste de micronúcleos. Flavonoides tipo rutina foram quantificados no EEAP (1,8±0,03%) e flavonoide total e polifenóis foram de 4,1±1,8% e 5,1±0,3%, respectivamente. Observou-se ação vasodilatadora do EEAP, mediada parcialmente pelo óxido nítrico (·NO). O IAP revelou a presença de cálcio (137,76±4.08 μg.mg-1 de Ca). O EEAP e IAP apresentaram EHA em animais WKY e SHR. Não se observaram efeitos citotóxicos e alterações cromossômicas provocadas pelo EEAP. O EEAP mostrou um EHA que poderia resultar de ação vascular dependente do endotélio. Rutina, entre outros polifenóis e flavonoides, poderia estar contribuindo para essas atividades biológicas e o cálcio presente no EEAP, poderia agir de maneira sinérgica.The aims of this study were to evaluate the chemical profile, vascular reactivity, and acute hypotensive effect (AHE) of the ethanolic extract of leaves of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum (EEAP). Its chemical profile was evaluated using HPLC-UV, ICP-OES, and colorimetric quantification of total flavonoids and polyphenols. The vascular reactivity of the extract was determined using the mesenteric bed isolated from WKY. AHE dose-response curves were obtained for both EEAP and inorganic material isolated from AP (IAP) in WKY and SHR animals. Cytotoxic and mutagenic safety levels were determined by the micronucleus test. Rutin-like flavonoids were quantified in the EEAP (1.8 ± 0.03%), and the total flavonoid and polyphenol ratios were 4.1 ± 1.8% and 5.1 ± 0.3%, respectively. We observed that the vasodilation action of EEAP was partially mediated by nitric oxide (·NO). The IAP showed the presence of calcium (137.76 ± 4.08 μg mg-1). The EEAP and IAP showed an AHE in WKY and SHR animals. EEAP did not have cytotoxic effects or cause chromosomic alterations. The AHE shown by EEAP could result from its endothelium-dependent vascular action. Rutin-like flavonoids, among other polyphenols, could contribute to these biological activities, and the calcium present in EEAP could act in a synergistic way

Viés nos estudos de caso-controle: é possível evitar?

Backgraund and objectives:Although case control studies have numerous advantages, they are vulnerable to biases that can mask the true results of the study and therefore should be interpreted with caution.The objective of this article is to critically approach, through a literature review, the biases that can affect this type of study design and the possible strategies to overcome those biases.Contents:The most well-known biases, present in the delineation of case control studies, were those related to selection and measurement. Conclusion: However, although this type of study is subject to possible errors, preventative measures put in place during the planning of case control studies and even during and after its execution can help guarantee scientific rigor.This review of the literature can serve as an important instrument for the development and interpretation of case-control studies.Justificativa e objetivos: Embora os estudos de caso-controle tenham inúmeras vantagens, eles são vulneráveis a vieses que podem mascarar os verdadeiros resultados do estudo e, portanto, devem ser interpretados com cautela. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar criticamente esta abordagem, através de uma revisão da literatura, os erros que podem afetar este tipo de desenho de estudo e as possíveis estratégias para superar esses erros. Resultados e Discussão: Os erros mais conhecidos, presentes no delineamento de estudos caso-controle, foram os relacionados com a seleção e medição. Conclusão: No entanto, embora este tipo de estudo esteja sujeito a possíveis erros, as medidas preventivas postas em prática durante o planejamento de estudos caso-controle e até mesmo durante e após a sua execução podem ajudar a garantir o rigor científico. Esta revisão da literatura pode servir como um instrumento importante para o desenvolvimento e interpretação de estudos de caso-controle

Results from a Cohort Observational Study

Purpose: COVID-19 presents complex pathophysiology, and evidence collected points towards an intricate interaction between viral-dependent and individual immunological mechanisms. Identifying phenotypes through clinical and biological markers may provide a better understanding of the subjacent mechanisms and an early patient-tailored characterization of illness severity. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study was performed in 5 hospitals in Portugal and Brazil for one year between 2020–2021. All adult patients with an Intensive Care Unit admission with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were eligible. COVID-19 was diagnosed using clinical and radiologic criteria with a SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-PCR test. A two-step hierarchical cluster analysis was made using several class-defining variables. Results: 814 patients were included. The cluster analysis revealed a three-class model, allowing for the definition of three distinct COVID-19 phenotypes: 407 patients in phenotype A, 244 patients in phenotype B, and 163 patients in phenotype C. Patients included in phenotype A were significantly older, with higher baseline inflammatory biomarkers profile, and a significantly higher requirement of organ support and mortality rate. Phenotypes B and C demonstrated some overlapping clinical characteristics but different outcomes. Phenotype C patients presented a lower mortality rate, with consistently lower C-reactive protein, but higher procalcitonin and interleukin-6 serum levels, describing an immunological profile significantly different from phenotype B. Conclusions: Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit three different clinical phenotypes with distinct profiles and outcomes. Their identification could have an impact on patients’ care, justifying different therapy responses and inconsistencies identified across different randomized control trial results.publishersversionpublishe

Determination of the morphological pattern of pacu’s (Piaractus mesopotamicus) gills

To pathological assessments or recognition of changes in the morphology of these is necessary knowledge of a normal morphological pattern, being this then the goal of this study. Were collected 20 animals (Piaractus mesopotamicus), from cultivation environments the region of Grande Dourados, with total length of 35 cm and 750 g approximately. During data collection, the animals were anesthetized with benzocaine, euthanized and dissected for macroscopic evaluation of organs "in situ". After, collected the gills, fixed in Bouin solution and stained by the usual method Hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue technique+ PAS. Macroscopically it was observed that these had brilliant crimson red coloration, located internally, protected by beeswax, with numerous traces spaced, filaments and secondary lamellae. Under light microscopy was possible to identify the branchial artery, cartilaginous structure, cells pillars, respiratory epithelium and mucous cells. We concluded that this species has a branchial structure very similar to that of other freshwater teleosteans, although more studies are necessary to compare this structure in all phases of his life and times of the year.In order to carry out pathological evaluations or recognition of changes in the morphology of pacu gills, it is necessary to know a regular morphological pattern, which is the purpose of this study. Twenty animals (Piaractus mesopotamicus) were collected from cultivated environments of the “Grande Dourados” region, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, with an average total length of 35 cm and 750 g. During collection, the animals were anesthetized with benzocaine, euthanized and dissected for macroscopic evaluation of the organs “in situ”. The gills were fixed in Bouin's solution and stained by the usual Hematoxylin/Eosin method and the alcian blue + PAS technique (Schiff periodic acid). Macroscopically it was observed that the gills were bright red, internally located, protected by the opercula, with numerous spaced traces, filaments and secondary lamellae. Under the light microscopy it was possible to identify the gill’s arteries, cartilaginous structure, pillar cells, respiratory epithelium and mucous cells. We conclude that this species has a gill structure very similar to that of other freshwater teleosts, but more studies are necessary to compare this structure in all phases of its life and different times of the year

Lack of association between subclinical hypothyroidism and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity in a cross-sectional analysis of the ELSA–Brasil

BACKGROUND There is little available data on carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). We aimed to analyze the association between SCH and cf-PWV using baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA–Brasil). METHODS We included subjects with normal thyroid function (thyrotropin (TSH): 0.4–4.0 mIU/l, and normal free thyroxine (FT4: 0.8–1.9 ng/dl) and SCH (TSH > 4.0 mIU/l and normal FT4) evaluated for cf-PWV in a crosssectional analysis. We excluded individuals using medications that interfere in thyroid function, antihypertensives, or diuretics, and subjects with chronic kidney disease or previous cardiovascular disease. Generalized linear and logistic regression models evaluated cf-PWV as a dependent variable and SCH as an independent variable, adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors.RESULTS Of 8,341 subjects (52.3% women), 7,878 (94.4%) were euthyroid and 463 (5.6%) showed SCH. The median age was 50 years (interquartile range: 44–56). The groups differed by age, sex, body mass index, glomerular filtration rate, and C-reactive protein. SCH was not associated with cf-PWV in the full-adjusted linear model (β = −0.039; P = 0.562) and with cf-PWV >75th percentile in the full-adjusted logistic model (odds ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval = 0.72–1.22). CONCLUSION In a large sample, SCH was not associated with increased cf-PWV

SELEÇÃO DE PRIMERS ISSR PARA ANÁLISES DE DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA EM Plathymenia reticulata Benth

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar primers ISSR para serem utilizados em futuras análises de diversidade genética em populações naturais de P. reticulata. Amostras foliares de cinco indivíduos da espécie foram coletadas para extração e purificação de DNA. O DNA obtido das amostras foi submetido a ensaios de PCR utilizando 28 primers, seguida de eletroforese em gel de agarose para análise dos fragmentos amplificados. Foram selecionados 10 primers por possuírem número considerado de locos e boa definição dos fragmentos. Os primers selecionados geraram ao todo 121 fragmentos amplificados, sendo 54 polimórficos. Os marcadores moleculares ISSR utilizados nesse estudo permitiram revelar o polimorfismo em Vinhático, indicando que a utilização de 10 primers (44,62% de polimorfismo) são suficientes para quantificar em estudos futuros a diversidade genética existente em indivíduos de P. reticulata

SELEÇÃO DE MARCADORES ISSR PARA Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex. Ducke) Barneby

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar primers ISSR para serem utilizados em futuras análises de diversidade genética em população de S. amazonicum, conhecido popularmente como Paricá. Para isto, foram utilizadas folhas coletadas em 5 indivíduos da espécie em estudo, para a realização da extração e purificação do DNA genômico. Posteriormente, as amostras de DNA foram submetidas a ensaios de PCR utilizando 43 primers, seguida por eletroforese em gel de agarose, de modo a permitir a avaliação e seleção dos primers com maior qualidade de amplificação. Foram selecionados 11 primers por possuírem número considerável de locos polimórficos, além de serem nítidos e bem definidos. Os primers selecionados geraram 129 fragmentos, demonstrando que a quantidade de marcadores moleculares ISSR utilizados neste estudo são suficientes para quantificar a diversidade genética em futuros trabalhos com populações da espécie

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DOS CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

To discuss the importance of implementing palliative care in the intensive care unit through the existing literature. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The search for the works involved in the research was carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the health sciences descriptors: "Hospice care", "Palliative care" and "Intensive care unit". The inclusion criteria were: published between 2013 and 2023, with free access to full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings and unavailable in full. Results: This care has some principles that guarantee its effectiveness when implemented in the ICU, such as promoting individual and continuous care for patients, involving family members in this process, respecting the autonomy of the patient, establishing an environment conducive to the necessary care, among others. Conclusion: The study in question concludes that the implementation of palliative care in the ICU, despite having numerous barriers, promotes a less painful dying process when applied correctly by health professionals, among these aspects, the participation of the family in this process is emphasized.Discutir por meio da literatura existente acerca da importância da implementação dos cuidados paliativos na unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência hospitalar”, “Cuidados paliativos” e “Unidade de terapia intensiva”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2013 e 2023, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: Esses cuidados possuem alguns princípios que garantem a sua efetividade na implementação na UTI como promover o cuidado individual e continuo aos pacientes, envolver os familiares nesse processo, respeitar a autonomia do enfermo, estabelecer um ambiente propício aos cuidados necessários dentre outros. Conclusão: O estudo em questão conclui que a implementação dos cuidados paliativos na UTI apesar de possui inúmeras barreiras ele promover um processo de morrer menos doloroso quando aplicado corretamente por meio dos profissionais de saúde, dentre esses aspectos enfatiza-se a participação da família nesse processo

Socio-demographic and Health Aspects Associated with the Quality of Life in the Elderly of the Family Health Strategy. An Analytical Study

to analyze the association between the socio-demographic and health aspects to the quality of life (QOL) of elderly peoplelinked to the ESF