Building user profiles based on sequences for content and collaborative filtering

Modeling user profiles is a necessary step for most information filtering systems – such as recommender systems – to provide personalized recommendations. However, most of them work with users or items as vectors, by applying di erent types of mathematical operations between them and neglecting sequential or content-based information. Hence, in this paper we study how to propose an adaptive mechanism to obtain user sequences using di erent sources of information, allowing the generation of hybrid recommendations as a seamless, transparent technique from the system viewpoint. As a proof of concept, we develop the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) algorithm as a similarity metric to compare the user sequences, where, in the process of adapting this algorithm to recommendation, we include di erent parameters to control the e - ciency by reducing the information used in the algorithm (preference filter), to decide when a neighbor is considered useful enough to be included in the process (confidence filter), to identify whether two interactions are equivalent ( -matching threshold), and to normalize the length of the LCS in a bounded interval (normalization functions). These parameters can be extended to work with any type of sequential algorithm. We evaluate our approach with several state-of-the-art recommendation algorithms using di erent evaluation metrics measuring the accuracy, diversity, and novelty of the recommendations, and analyze the impact of the proposed parameters. We have found that our approach o ers a competitive performance, outperforming content, collaborative, and hybrid baselines, and producing positive results when either content- or rating-based information is exploitedThis article has been co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) within the 2017 call for predoctoral contracts and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (project reference: TIN2016-80630-P

Efeitos do solo e clima numa vinha de uva de mesa com cultura de cobertura. Gestão da rega utilizando redes de sensores

[ENG] TThe use of mulches in vineyards and orchards is a traditional agricultural practice used with the aim of saving moisture, reducing weed growth and improving organic matter content in the soil. In table grape vineyards trained to overhead system in Puglia region (Southeastern Italy), plastic sheets covering the canopy are often used to either advance ripening or delay harvest. In this environment, the living mulches could contribute to the modification of the microclimate around the canopy below the plastic sheets. This condition has an influence on the climatic demand and on both the vegetative and productive activities, mainly in stages with a high evapotranspiration. However, the presence of living mulches could increase the demand of available water and nutrient resources and this could cause a lower yield. The aim of this study was to acquire a suitable knowledge to manage irrigation and verify the influences of living mulches on the vine by using wireless sensor networks to measure the vapor pressure deficit, soil water potential and content.[POR] A utilização de coberturas do solo em vinhas e pomares é uma prática agrícola tradicional, utilizada com o objetivo de preservar a humidade do solo, reduzir o crescimento de infestantes e melhorar o teor de matéria orgânica no solo. Em vinhas de uva de mesa, conduzidas em sistema de pérgula na região de Puglia (sudeste da Itália), são frequentemente usadas coberturas de plástico para promover o avanço da maturação ou o atraso da colheita. Neste ambiente a utilização de enrelvamentos pode contribuir para a modificação do microclima do copado. Esta condição pode influenciar a demanda atmosférica, bem como a atividade vegetativa e reprodutiva da videira, principalmente em períodos de elevada evapotranspiração. No entanto, a presença do enrelvamento pode originar um aumento da demanda dos recursos disponíveis, nomeadamente água e nutrientes, o que poderá provocar uma quebra de produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi adquirir conhecimento para a gestão da rega e, simultaneamente, verificar a influência dos enrelvamentos na atividade da videira, usando para o efeito redes de sensores “sem fio” para medir o déficit de pressão de vapor, o potencial e o conteúdo de água no solo.The development of this work was supported by: The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the project RIDEFRUT (ref. AGL2013-49047-C2-1-R), the “Fundacion Seneca, Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnologia” of the Region of Murcia under the “Excelence Group Program”, and the Technical University of Cartagena under the PMPDI Program

Diagnóstico de la evolución de los procesos de gestión del espacio público en la ciudad de Armenia Quindío del año 2010 a 2014

Trabajo de investigaciónEn el año 2010 comenzó a regir en el municipio de Armenia Quindío el primer plan de ordenamiento territorial de segunda generación en todo el ámbito nacional. Transcurridos 4 años se hace necesario diagnosticar los resultados obtenidos con la adopción de este instrumento de gestión de espacio público, mucho más cuando en el año 2010 el documento Conpes 3718, estableció que los estándares de este componente urbano en el municipio se encontraba por debajo de la media nacional. Considerando que a finales del año 2009, fue aprobado el plan de ordenamiento territorial (acuerdo 019 de 01 de diciembre de 2009), el cual concibe el espacio público como un elemento estructural del sistema urbano y además se encuentra articulado con las políticas nacionales, tal y como lo estipula su artículo 44 el cual establece como estrategia: “incrementar los estándares de área libre por habitante”, ya transcurridos 4 años se considera necesario diagnosticar los resultados obtenidos con la adopción de este modelo de gestión del espacio público, en relación con lo anterior se formuló la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cómo han evolucionado los procesos de gestión del espacio público en la ciudad de Armenia Quindío del año 2010 a 2014? Pregunta que conllevó a analizar tres aspectos de vital importancia: obras de infraestructura ejecutadas a la fecha, instrumentos de gestión del espacio público adoptados y percepción ciudadana. En éste diagnóstico la información requerida para el desarrollo de sus objetivos, se obtuvo del análisis de documentos técnicos y legales de la alcaldía de Armenia como fuente primaria de información y como fuente secundaria se empleó la encuesta de percepción ciudadana e inspecciones técnicas del área de estudio, mecanismos que permitieron recolectar información puntual de los objetivos específicos. La información recolectada fue procesada y analizada por el grupo de trabajo.EspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de Obras Civile

Viscous stability analysis of jets with discontinuous base profiles

The viscous linear stability of parallel gaseous jets with piecewise constant base profiles is considered in the limit of low Mach numbers. Our results generalise those of Drazin [P.G. Drazin, Discontinuous velocity profiles for the Orr–Sommerfeld equation J. Fluid Mech. 10 (1961) 571–583], by contemplating the possibility of arbitrary jumps in density and transport properties between two uniform streams separated by a vortex sheet. The eigenfunctions, obtained analytically in the regions of uniform flow, are matched through an appropriate set of jump conditions at the discontinuity of the basic flow, which are derived by repeated integration of the linearised conservation equations in their primitive variable form. The development leads to an algebraic dispersion relation of ample validity that explicitly accounts for the parametric dependence of the stability properties on the jet-to-ambient density ratio, the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number, and the exponent of the presumed power-law dependence of viscosity and thermal conductivity on temperature. The dispersion relation is validated through comparisons with stability calculations performed with continuous profiles and is applied, in particular, to study the effects of molecular transport on the spatiotemporal stability of parallel non-isothermal gaseous jets with very thin shear layers. The eigenvalue computations performed by using the vortex-sheet model are shown to be several orders of magnitude faster than those associated with continuous profiles with thin shear layers.This work was supported by Spanish MCINN through the project CONSOLIDER #CSD2010-00010, and the projects #DPI2011-28356-C03-02 and #ENE2008-06515-C04-01, and by the Comunidad de Madrid through projects #S2009/ENE-1597 and #CCG10-UC3M/DPI-4777

Dental topography and dietary specialization in Papionini primates

Our understanding of primate adaptive evolution depends on appreciating the way in which dental functional morphology affects food processing. The Papionini tribe of Cercopithecoidea primates shows great dietary versatility and ecological adaptations to resource seasonality across the African and Asian ecosystems, however, there are few studies focusing on the occlusal topography of the bilophodont teeth and the effect of tooth wear in the crown shape. Here, we explore the relationship between wear-related dental functional morphology and dietary ecological constraints within the Papionini. Three-dimensional (3D) polygonal meshes of the upper permanent molar row (M1-3) were obtained in a large papionine sample (838 specimens) of known dietary preferences including species from six genera (Cercocebus, Lophocebus, Macaca, Mandrillus, Papio, and Theropithecus). All the sample was classified in four diet categories and four topographic metrics (orientation patch count rotated, OPCR; Dirichlet normal energy, DNE; occlusal relief, OR; and ambient occlusion, portion de ciel visible, PCV) were measured for each tooth-type according to wear stage (lightly and moderately worn) to determine diet-related interspecific morphological changes with long-term functionality. The results indicate that hard-object feeders (Cercocebus and Lophocebus) and grass eaters (Theropithecus gelada) exhibit a pattern of occlusal complexity (OPCR), surface curvature (DNE), relief (OR), and morphological wear resistance (PCV) that is significantly different from the omnivores and folivore-frugivore species (Mandrillus and Macaca) despite the overall homogeneity of the bilophodont dentition. A multifactorial ANOVA showed that the topographic metrics were sensitive to tooth wear as expected. The results also indicate that the interspecific variability of dental topography of the upper molars reflects dietary specializations rather than phylogenetic proximity. These findings support the hypothesis that evolutionary convergence processes could have affected the Papionini, clustering the hard-object feeders (Lophocebus and Cercocebus) together in the morphospace, and clearly discriminating this group from the graminivorous and frugivores-folivores.Grants PID2020-112963GB-I00 to APP and PID2020-114517GB-I00 to AR, funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union”. www.paleobaboonproject.science

Promoción del patrimonio de la ciudad de San Cristóbal de La Laguna mediante un enlace temporal a un mapa del siglo XVI

[EN] There is an increasing interest in the conservation of historical cities since they provide a link to the roots of their communities and bring cultural and economic benefits to their inhabitants. In this paper, we present an approach to promote the knowledge of the UNESCO World Heritage city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna in the Canary Islands, Spain. The city was founded in 1496 and has a unique value due to its urban design. In this work, we present a web application that allows a user to locate places and addresses of the current city in its first known map authored by Leonardo Torriani in the 16th century. To build this application we have georeferenced the ancient map in the current cartography. The georeferencing process needs the identification of homologous ground control points in the coordinate systems of both the old map and the current cartography, and the definition of a transform between them. Best results were obtained with the non-parametric natural transform interpolation leading to a global mean error of 4.9 m that reduces to 3.2 m in the historical city centre. To provide a fast response to the user of the web application, a technique to precompute offline the natural transform is presented. The web application has a simple front-end where the user fills the current city address in a form. This activates a query to obtain the geographical coordinates of the address that are transformed to map coordinates using the pre-computed transformation. These map coordinates are used by a map viewer in the front end that locates the user address in the ancient map. To test the performance of the web application, the load of the system has been analysed obtaining a latency of 1.4 s in 50 concurrent users. Results show that the web application provides accurate results in the historical centre while providing satisfactory response times.Highlights:- This study investigates the issue of georeferencing the first historic map (16th century) of San Cristóbal de La Laguna and the possibility to geolocate current city addresses.- By using the natural interpolation method, the georeferencing errors were diminished below 4 m in most of the historic city.- A user-friendly web application has been designed which precisely locates current directions in the old map providing a valuable tool for the promotion of the heritage of the city.[ES] En la actualidad hay un interés creciente en la conservación de las ciudades históricas, ya que proporcionan un vínculo con las raíces de sus comunidades y aportan beneficios culturales y económicos a sus habitantes. En este artículo presentamos una aproximación para promover el conocimiento de la ciudad Patrimonio de la Humanidad de San Cristóbal de La Laguna en las Islas Canarias, España. La ciudad fue fundada en 1496 y tiene un valor único debido a su planificación urbana. Para promover su conocimiento, presentamos una aplicación web que permite a un usuario ubicar lugares y direcciones de la ciudad actual en el primer mapa conocido realizado por Leonardo Torriani en el siglo XVI. Para implementar esta aplicación se ha georreferenciado el mapa del siglo XVI en la cartografía actual. El proceso de georreferenciación necesita la identificación de puntos de apoyo terrestre homólogos en los sistemas de coordenadas del mapa antiguo y las coordenadas geográficas actuales, junto con la definición de una transformación entre ambos. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con una transformación mediante interpolación natural proporcionando un error medio global de 4.9 m que se reduce a 3.2 m en el centro histórico. Para generar una respuesta rápida al usuario de la aplicación web se presenta una técnica que precalcula la transformación. La aplicación web utiliza una interfaz simple donde el usuario introduce la dirección de la ciudad actual en un formulario. Esto activa una consulta para obtener las coordenadas geográficas de la dirección, que se transforman en coordenadas del mapa utilizando la transformación precalculada. Estas coordenadas del mapa se utilizan en un visor de mapas que ubica la dirección del usuario en el mapa de Torriani. Para comprobar el rendimiento de la aplicación web se analizó la carga del sistema obteniendo una latencia de 1.4 s con cincuenta usuarios concurrentes. Los resultados que se presentan muestran que la aplicación web proporciona resultados precisos en el centro histórico de la ciudad al tiempo que proporciona unos tiempos de respuesta satisfactorios.This work was supported by the Fundación Cajacanarias and Fundación Bancaria “La Caixa” under “Patrimonio Cultural en Canarias: del legado aborigen a la nueva sociedad canaria”.Pérez Nava, F.; Sánchez Berriel, I.; Pérez Nava, A.; Gutiérrez Rodríguez, V.; Pérez Morera, J. (2022). Promoting the heritage of the city of San Cristobal de La Laguna through a temporal link with a 16th century map. Virtual Archaeology Review. 13(26):62-75. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2022.15322OJS62751326Alvares-Sanches, T., Osborne, P. E., James, P. A. B., & Bahaj, A. S. (2020). Tracking a city's center of gravity over 500 years of growth from a time series of georectified historical maps. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 47(6), 524-536. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2020.1774420Aznar Vallejo, E. 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Comparison between three registration methods in the case of non-georeferenced close range of multispectral images. Remote Sensing, 13(3), 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030396Fiddler. (2021, May 28). Fiddler. Web Debugging Proxy and Troubleshooting Solutions. Telerik.Com. Retrieved March 02, 2021, from https://www.telerik.com/fiddlerFischler, M. A., & Bolles, R. C. (1981). Random sample consensus: A paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography. Communications of the ACM, 24(6), 381-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-051581-6.50070-2García, R., de Castro, J. P., Verdú, E., Verdú, M. J., & Regueras, L. M. (2012). Web map tile services for spatial data infrastructures: Management and optimization. In C. Bateira (Ed.), Cartography - A Tool for Spatial Analysis, 26-48. https://doi.org/10.5772/46129GDAL. (2021). GDAL documentation. Retrieved March 02, 2021, from https://gdal.orgGuarducci, A., & Tarchi, G. (2020). The first geodetic map of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany georeferencing and applicated studies. E-Perimetron, 15(3), 168-182. Retrieved from http://www.e-perimetron.org/Vol_15_4/Guarducci_Tarchi.pdfGutiérrez, J. M. P. (2000). El reflejo de las Canarias en la cartografía anterior al siglo XVI. In F. Morales Padrón (Coord.), XIII Coloquio de Historia Canario-Americana, 3305-3322. Retrieved from https://mdc.ulpgc.es/cdm/ref/collection/coloquios/id/855Hill, L. L. (2009). Georeferencing: The Geographic Associations of Information. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3260.001.0001Jenny, B., & Hurni, L. (2011). Studying cartographic heritage: Analysis and visualization of geometric distortions. Computers & Graphics, 35(2), 402-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2011.01.005Camacho, J. A., Granado-Castro, G., & Barrera-Vera, J. A. (2019). Urban mapping of Cadiz during the War of Spanish Succession: A paradigm of the cartography enterprise undertaken by the Military Engineer Corps. Disegnarecon, 12(22). https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.22.2019.1Koussoulakou, A., Dimitriadou, M., Kontozi, C., & Mitzias, Y. (2020). Telling of a city's invisible past through georeferenced historical documents and web map technology. E-Perimetron, 15(1), 44-56. Retrieved from http://www.e-perimetron.org/Vol15_1/Koussoulakou_et_al.pdfLivieratos, E. (2006). On the study of the geometric properties of historical cartographic representations. Cartographica, 41(2), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.3138/rm86-3872-8942-61p4Long, T., Jiao, W., He, G., & Zhang, Z. (2016). A fast and reliable matching method for automated georeferencing of remotely-sensed imagery. Remote Sensing, 8(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010056Manzano-Agugliaro, F., Martínez, J., & San-Antonio, C. (2012). GIS analysis of the accuracy of Tomas Lopez's historical cartography in the Canary Islands (1742-1746). Scientific Research and Essays, 7(2), 199-210. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1271Mas, S., Rubio, J., & Velasco, A. (2013). Especificaciones del producto CartoCiudad v 13. Instituto Geográfico Nacional. Retrieved from: http://www.cartociudad.es/recursos/Documentacion_tecnica/CARTOCIUDAD_Especificaciones.pdfMaterialize. (2021, May 28). Materialize Documentation. Retrieved March 02, 2021, from https://materializecss.com/Musin, O. R. (1991). Fast geometric transformations for image processing. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, 3(3), 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850030311Navarro Segura, M. I. (1999). La Laguna 1500: La ciudad-república. Una utopía insular según las leyes de Platón. San Cristóbal de La Laguna: Ayuntamiento de San Cristóbal de La Laguna.Navarro Segura, M. I. (2006). Las fundaciones de ciudades y el pensamiento urbanístico hispano en la era del Descubrimiento. Scripta Nova, 10(218). Retrieved from http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-218-43.htmOctoperf. (2021). OctoPerf. SaaS and On-Premise Load Testing. Retrieved March 02, 2021, from https://octoperf.com/Pindozzi, S., Cervelli, E., Capolupo, A., Okello, C., & Boccia, L. (2016). Using historical maps to analyze two hundred years of land cover changes: Case study of Sorrento peninsula (south Italy). Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 43(3), 250-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2015.1072736QGIS. (2021, May 28). QGIS project. Retrieved March 02, 2021, from https://qgis.org/en/site/Sancho Mir, M., Agustín Hernández, L., & Llopis Verdú, J. (2017). Análisis y generación de cartografías historiográficas en el estudio de la evolución de la forma urbana: El caso de la ciudad de Teruel. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, 22(30), 180-189. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2017.7845Santamaria Varas, M., & Martinez Diez, P. (2019). The Historic Charter of Barcelona (CHB). E-Perimetron, 14(1), 38-50. Retrieved from http://www.e-perimetron.org/Vol_14_1/Santamaria-Varas_Martinez-Diez.pdfSibson, R. (1981). A Brief Description of Natural Neighbor Interpolation. In Interpreting Multivariate Data (pp. 21-36). New York: John Wiley & Sons.Soto Martin, O., Fuentes Porto, A., & Martin Gutierrez, J. (2020). A digital reconstruction of a historical building and virtual reintegration of mural paintings to create an interactive and immersive experience in virtual reality. Applied Sciences, 10(2), 597. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020597Talich, M. (2020). Digitization of Old Maps and Possible On-line Tools for Their Use. In Digital Cultural Heritage (pp. 331-341). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15200-0_22Torr, P. H., & Zisserman, A. (2000). MLESAC: A new robust estimator with application to estimating image geometry. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 78(1), 138-156. https://doi.org/10.1006/cviu.1999.0832Torriani, L. (1590). 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WHC Nomination Documentation, vol. 1. Retrieved March 2, 2021, from http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/929.pd

Recent applications of the Successive Self-nucleation and Annealing thermal fractionation technique

Successive Self-nucleation and Annealing (SSA) is a thermal fractionation technique that is performed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The combination of non-isothermal and isothermal steps applied during SSA achieves efficient molecular segregation during polymer crystallization. Such molecular segregation magnifies the effect of defects in polymer chain crystallization, thereby providing information on chain structure. The technique was created and implemented by Müller and co-workers in 1997, becoming a powerful resource for studying ethylene/α-olefin copolymers. The different variables to design the SSA protocol: fractionation window, fractionation time, scanning rate, sample mass, and the first self-nucleation temperature to be applied (Ts, ideal), have been previously reviewed, together with the different applications of SSA. SSA versatility, simplicity (when properly applied), and short times to produce results have allowed its use to study novel and more complex polymeric systems. This review article explores the most recent applications of SSA of the past decade. First, the principles of the technique are briefly explained, covering all the relevant variables. Next, we have selected different cases that show how SSA is employed in various novel fields, such as studying intermolecular interactions and topological effects in homopolymers; supernucleation and antinucleation effects in nanocomposites, including the pre-freezing phenomenon; crystallization modes in random copolymers; solid-solid transitions; miscibility, co-crystallization and composition in blends; evaluation of polymer synthesis variables; and the novel information that could be gained by using fast scanning chip-based calorimetry. Finally, we offer a perspective on SSA, a technique that has become a powerful method for studying the distribution of defects affecting crystallization in semi-crystalline polymers.This work has received funding from the Basque Government through grant IT1503-22 and from MICINN (PID2020-113045GB-C21). We would also like to acknowledge the financial support from the BIODEST and the REPOL projects; these projects have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreements No. 778092 and No. 860221. It has also been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51820105005, 52050410327)

Municipal solid waste valorization through catalytic fast hydropyrolysis over natural zeolites

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