Efecto del uso de suelo en las hormigas (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) de Tikinmul, Campeche, México

The effect of land use on ants was compared in Tikinmul, Campeche, Mexico. The research was carried out in cedar monocultures and home gardens, during dry and wet seasons. TSBFmethod modified to agroforestry systems was used to collect ants. 37 species were collected, nine of which were exclusive to both systems, while 19 were present in both systems. A similarity (Sörensen index) of 60.4% between systems and 68% between seasons was observed. The Myrmecinae Subfamily with eight genera and 17 species was the most represented. Solenopsis geminata and Dorymyrmex sp. were dominant and indicator species of monoculture system. Ant density was higher in monocultures. A direct relationship between management intensity and species richness was not found. Litter amount appear to be the determinant factor to define ants abundance. Ants populations were affected indirectly by agrochemicals. Se comparó el efecto del uso de suelo sobre la mirmecofauna del ejido de Tikinmul, Campeche, México. El estudio se llevó a cabo en monocultivos de cedro y huertos caseros, durante la época seca y lluviosa. Para la colecta de especies se utilizó el método Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) modificado para sistemas agroforestales. Se encontraron un total de 37 morfoespecies, de las cuales nueve son exclusivas de cada uno de los dos sistemas, mientras 19 están presentes en ambos. Se observa una similitud (Sörensen) de 60.4% entre sistemas y 68% entre épocas. La subfamilia Myrmicinae con 8 géneros y 17 especies fue la mejor representada en el estudio. Solenopsis geminata y Dorymyrmex sp.fueron especies dominantes e indicadoras del monocultivo. La densidad de hormigas fue más alta en los monocultivos. No se encontró relación directa de la intensidad de manejo con la riqueza de especies. La cantidad de hojarasca se muestra como el factor determinante de abundancia de las hormigas. Los agroquímicos afectan de manera indirecta a sus poblaciones.

Servicios de Asesorías nutricionales ¨NUTRI KIDS¨

En la actualidad, a raíz de la pandemia, según datos del MEF, la desnutrición infantil en pandemia se redujo al 12.1% en el 2020, esto se debe a intervenciones gubernamentales, así como también la toma de conciencia de tener una alimentación balanceada para poder prevenir contagios de la COVID-19. En ese ámbito, bajo la premisa de desarrollar un modelo de información de nutrición y la demanda que existe sobre el conocimiento de estar saludables, hemos visto conveniente crear un modelo de negocio en el cual podamos integrar los aspectos nutricionales a los niños. Con ello, hemos decidido crear el proyecto Nutri Kids, el cual consiste en brindar asesorías nutricionales a niños de una manera dinámica y de forma digital. Bajo la premisa que las personas valoran y son conscientes que sus niños deban alimentarse bien, es por ello que hemos visto la opción de poder validar que tan atractivo resulta para los padres, el tomar este formato de servicio digital, para complementar la alimentación de sus niños. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación cualitativa para poder determinar la valoración y preferencia de los padres en cuanto a la salud de sus niños, siendo Lima Metropolitana nuestra primera zona de mercado, posterior a ello y de acuerdo con los resultados se ampliarán las zonas de cobertura. Las asesorías se brindarán 100% online y se contará con un equipo profesional altamente capacitado, especializado en nutrición infantil. Los precios están estructurados en asesorías individuales y paquetes mensuales a preferencia del consumidor.As a result of the pandemic, according to current data from the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), child malnutrition was reduced to 12.1% in 2020. This is due to government interventions, as well as the awareness of a balanced diet to be able to prevent COVID-19 infections. In that sense, under the premise of developing a model of nutrition and the existing demand for knowledge about healthy living, we have seen fit to create a business model in which we can integrate nutritional aspects for children. Consequently, we have decided to create the Nutri Kids project, which consists of providing nutritional advice to children in a dynamic and digital way. People are aware that their children should eat well, and they value it. That is why we have seen whether it is possible to assess how attractive it is for parents to use this digital service to help with their children’s diet. Therefore, a qualitative research was carried out to determine the valuation and preference of parents regarding the health of their children. Metropolitan Lima was our first market area. After that, and based on the results, the covered areas will be expanded. The consultancy service will be provided 100% online, and there will be a highly trained professional team, specialized in child nutrition. Prices are structured in individual consultancy sessions and monthly packages according to costumers’ preference.Trabajo de investigació

Innovación de los servicios públicos para adultos mayores en La Molina

Problema: Los adultos mayores presentan necesidades para mantener una salud equilibrada, sabemos que las municipalidades juegan un papel fundamental en la oferta de dichos servicios, los cuales tienen que ser innovadores y de calidad sin embargo existen pocas investigaciones acerca de los servicios que ofrecen a este grupo etario. Objetivo/Propósito: Describir los servicios públicos innovadores para adultos mayores en el distrito de La Molina. Metodología: Es una investigación de tipo mixto en la etapa cualitativa se usó la técnica de la observación de campo y el instrumento fue la guía de observación de campo y para la etapa cuantitativa se usó la técnica de encuesta y el instrumento fue un cuestionario. Resultados: Los participantes (62,5%) consideran como regular los servicios de transporte brindado por la municipalidad. Conclusión: Existen servicios públicos innovadores dirigidos a sectores exclusivos de su población

Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America : the ESTAMPA screening study protocol

Q1Q1Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC. Methods and analysis Women aged 30–64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT01881659Revista Internacional - Indexad

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

EVALUACIÓN CUANTITATIVA DE ERRORES EN LA NOMENCLATURA CIENTÍFICA DEL INVENTARIO NACIONAL FORESTAL Y DE SUELOS 2004-2009

Las bases de datos como el Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos, pueden contener sinonimias y errores de ortografía que provocan la sobreestimación de los valores de diversidad y riqueza, afectando la efectividad de su uso (por ejemplo: mediciones de captura de carbono). Se realizó una propuesta metodológica para la solución del problema y se aplicó mediante la validación y depuración del Catálogo de especies vegetales registradas en el Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos 2004-2009 (INFyS). Se depuró el Catálogo de especies vegetales registradas con el uso del paquete Taxonstand en R, validado con la base de datos The plant list (2013). Las 3374 especies reportadas originalmente en el INFyS se redujeron a 2996, teniendo 376 sinonimias y cinco especies inexistentes. Se encontró una sobreestimación de la riqueza y la diversidad, ocasionada principalmente por errores ortográficos y de sinonimias. Se recomienda que las bases de datos de vegetación sean estandarizadas con una autoridad como The plant list (2013), a través del paquete Taxonstand, previo a su publicación