20 research outputs found
In Vitro Cecal Gas and Methane Production of Soybean HullsâContaining Diets in the Presence of Salix babylonica Extract as a Fermentation Modulator in Horses
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cecal gas production (GP) and methane (CH4) production as well as cecal fermentation kinetics when corn grain (CG) was replaced with soybean hulls (SHs) in horse diets in the presence of different levels of Salix babylonica (SB) extract. Corn grains were replaced with SH at different levels (/kg): 0 g (control), 75 g (SH75), or 150 g (SH150), with the inclusion of SB extract at: 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mL/g dry matter (DM) of substrates. Ration type extract dose interactions were observed for GP and CH4 production at some incubation hours. Diets containing SH, without the inclusion of SB extract, increased the asymptotic GP (P Œ .031) and decreased (P <.01) the rate of GP and lag time of GP. The inclusion of SB increased (P Œ.009) the rate of GP, without affecting the asymptotic GP or lag time of GP. Besides, the SH-containing rations decreased (P < .05) CH4 production, with no effect for SB extract dose. The SH75 ration increased (P < .05) cecal fermentation pH, metabolizable energy, short chain fatty acids, and gas yield at 24 hours of incubation, but quadratically decreased partitioning factor at 24 hours of incubation (P Œ .023), whereas SB extract dose had no effect. It is concluded that SH-containing rations had higher potential fermentation efficiency and fermentation kinetics superior to that of CG. The level of 75 g SH/kg DM was the best level of inclusion to replace 30% CG in the diets of horses. The inclusion of SB extract did not affect the cecal fermentation kinetics of horse diets containing SH at different levels
Ciencias de la BiologĂa y AgronomĂa
Este volumen I contiene 17 capĂtulos arbitrados que se ocupan de estos asuntos en TĂłpicos Selectos de Ciencias de la BiologĂa y AgronomĂa, elegidos de entre las contribuciones, reunimos algunos investigadores y estudiantes. Se presenta un Estudio Comparativo de los Recursos HidrolĂłgico-Forestales de la Microcuenca de la Laguna de Epatlan, Pue. (1993 a 2014); la SituaciĂłn Actual de la Mancha de Asfalto en MaĂz (Zea mays L.) en los Municipios de Jiquipilas y Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, MĂ©xico; las poblaciones sobresalientes de maĂz de la raza Zapalote Chico, en la RegiĂłn Istmeña de Oaxaca; Se indica el Ăndice de ĂĄrea foliar de cultivo de Chile Poblano mediante dos mĂ©todos en condiciones protegidas; Esquivel, UrzĂșa y RamĂrez exploran el efecto de la biofertilizaciĂłn con Azospirillum en el crecimiento y producciĂłn de Jitomate; esbozan su artĂculo sobre la determinaciĂłn del nivel de Heterosis en hĂbridos de MaĂz para la Comarca Lagunera; una investigaciĂłn sobre la estabilizaciĂłn de semilla de Solanum lycopersicum durante el almacenamiento y estimulaciĂłn de la germinaciĂłn; acotan sobre el CTAB como una nueva opciĂłn para la detecciĂłn de Huanglongbing en cĂtricos, plantean su evaluaciĂłn sobre el aluminio y cĂłmo afecta la vida de florero de Heliconia psittacorum; indican sobre el impacto del H-564C, como un hĂbrido de maĂz con alta calidad de proteina para el trĂłpico hĂșmedo de MĂ©xico; presetan su investigaciĂłn sobre la producciĂłn de Piña Cayena Lisa y MD2 (Ananas comosus L.) en condiciones de Loma Bonita, en Oaxaca; acotan sobre el efecto de coberteras como control biolĂłgico por conservaciĂłn contra ĂĄfidos en Nogal Pecanero; esbozan sobre la caracterizaciĂłn de cuatro genotipos de Frijol Negro en MartĂnez de la Torre, Veracruz, MĂ©xico; presentan una caracterizaciĂłn hidroecolĂłgica de la microcuenca de Arroyo Prieto, YurirĂa, Gto., y alternativas para su restauraciĂłn ambiental; presentan su investigaciĂłn sobre el efecto del hongo Beauveria bassiana sobre solubilizaciĂłn de fosfatos y la disponibilidad de fĂłsforo en el suelo; plantean su investigaciĂłn sobre la GerminaciĂłn y regeneraciĂłn in vitro de Epidendrum falcatum LINDL; esbozan su artĂculo sobre genotipos de frijol negro y su tolerancia a sequĂa terminal en Veracruz, MĂ©xico
Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study
Background
Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave.
Methods
This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs.
Results
Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; pâ=â0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; pââ€â0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; pâ=â0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; pâ=â0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; pâ=â0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI â 0.47, 1.37, pâ=â0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI â 0.62, 2.35, pâ=â0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, pâ=â0.24) when adjusted for covariates.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)
In Vitro Cecal Gas and Methane Production of Soybean HullsâContaining Diets in the Presence of Salix babylonica Extract as a Fermentation Modulator in Horses
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cecal gas production (GP) and methane
(CH4) production as well as cecal fermentation kinetics when corn grain (CG) was replaced
with soybean hulls (SHs) in horse diets in the presence of different levels of Salix babylonica
(SB) extract. Corn grains were replaced with SH at different levels (/kg): 0 g
(control), 75 g (SH75), or 150 g (SH150), with the inclusion of SB extract at: 0, 0.6, 1.2, and
1.8 mL/g dry matter (DM) of substrates. Ration type extract dose interactions were
observed for GP and CH4 production at some incubation hours. Diets containing SH,
without the inclusion of SB extract, increased the asymptotic GP (P Œ .031) and decreased
(P <.01) the rate of GP and lag time of GP. The inclusion of SB increased (P Œ.009) the rate
of GP, without affecting the asymptotic GP or lag time of GP. Besides, the SH-containing
rations decreased (P < .05) CH4 production, with no effect for SB extract dose. The SH75
ration increased (P < .05) cecal fermentation pH, metabolizable energy, short chain fatty
acids, and gas yield at 24 hours of incubation, but quadratically decreased partitioning
factor at 24 hours of incubation (P Œ .023), whereas SB extract dose had no effect. It is
concluded that SH-containing rations had higher potential fermentation efficiency and
fermentation kinetics superior to that of CG. The level of 75 g SH/kg DM was the best level
of inclusion to replace 30% CG in the diets of horses. The inclusion of SB extract did not
affect the cecal fermentation kinetics of horse diets containing SH at different levels
In Vitro Cecal Gas and Methane Production of Soybean HullsâContaining Diets in the Presence of Salix babylonica Extract as a Fermentation Modulator in Horses
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cecal gas production (GP) and methane
(CH4) production as well as cecal fermentation kinetics when corn grain (CG) was replaced
with soybean hulls (SHs) in horse diets in the presence of different levels of Salix babylonica
(SB) extract. Corn grains were replaced with SH at different levels (/kg): 0 g
(control), 75 g (SH75), or 150 g (SH150), with the inclusion of SB extract at: 0, 0.6, 1.2, and
1.8 mL/g dry matter (DM) of substrates. Ration type extract dose interactions were
observed for GP and CH4 production at some incubation hours. Diets containing SH,
without the inclusion of SB extract, increased the asymptotic GP (P Œ .031) and decreased
(P <.01) the rate of GP and lag time of GP. The inclusion of SB increased (P Œ.009) the rate
of GP, without affecting the asymptotic GP or lag time of GP. Besides, the SH-containing
rations decreased (P < .05) CH4 production, with no effect for SB extract dose. The SH75
ration increased (P < .05) cecal fermentation pH, metabolizable energy, short chain fatty
acids, and gas yield at 24 hours of incubation, but quadratically decreased partitioning
factor at 24 hours of incubation (P Œ .023), whereas SB extract dose had no effect. It is
concluded that SH-containing rations had higher potential fermentation efficiency and
fermentation kinetics superior to that of CG. The level of 75 g SH/kg DM was the best level
of inclusion to replace 30% CG in the diets of horses. The inclusion of SB extract did not
affect the cecal fermentation kinetics of horse diets containing SH at different levels
State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production
Biodiesel produced through catalytic transesterification of triglycerides from edible and non-edible oils and alcohol is considered an alternative to traditional petro-diesel. The interest in the use of alkaline earth metal oxides as heterogeneous basic catalysts has increased due to their availability, non-toxicity, the capacity to be reused, low cost, and high concentration of surface basic sites that provide the activity. This work is a compilation of the strategies to understand the effect of the source, synthesis, and thermal treatment of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO on the improvement of the surface basic sites density and strength, the morphology of the solid structure, stability during reaction and reusability. These parameters are commonly modified or enhanced by mixing these oxides or with alkaline metals. Also, the improvement of the acid-base properties and to avoid the lixiviation of catalysts can be achieved by supporting the alkaline earth metal oxides on another oxide. Additionally, the effect of the most relevant operation conditions in oil transesterification reactions such as methanol to oil ratio, temperature, agitation method, pressure, and catalysts concentration are reviewed. This review attempts to elucidate the optimum parameters of reaction and their application in different oils
Patrimonio biocultural. Experiencias integradoras
El libro engloba diferentes perspectivas en torno al patrimonio biocultural de diferentes regiones de MĂ©xico, desde un contexto histĂłrico, hasta las problemĂĄticas polĂtico-administrativas a las que se enfrentan estĂĄs regiones. Algunos capĂtulos reflejan diferentes estrategias que han seguido las comunidades para rescatar ese patrimonio biocultural y avanzar hacia la sustentabilidad.El libro fue resultado del 1er Congreso Internacional Desarrollo Sustentable: Enfoques, Aplicaciones y Perspectivas. âAmbiente, EconomĂa, Sociedad, Territorio y EducaciĂłnâ. Celebrado en Toluca, Estado de MĂ©xico.De forma particular, el cuerpo acadĂ©mico sobre sustentabilidad, territorio y educaciĂłn, llevo a cabo una recopilaciĂłn de investigaciones en diferentes lĂneas de trabajo entre ellas las referentes al patrimonio biocultural y la sustentabilidad. En los trabajos aceptados se tienen experiencias que integran un sin nĂșmero de aspectos que relacionan al ambiente con el patrimonio.La estructura del documento se divide en ocho capĂtulos y en cada uno de desarrolla la experiencia integradora del investigador
Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly
NERC Knowledge Exchange Fellowship (NE/V018760/1) to E.N.H.C.The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015â2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (â0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C haâ1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015â2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
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Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly
Abstract:
The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015â2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (â0.02â±â0.37âMgâCâhaâ1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015â2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected
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Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly
Funder: A Moore Foundation grant, Royal Society Global Challenges grant (Sensitivity of Tropical Forest Ecosystem Services to Climate Changes), CNPq grants (441282/2016-4, 403764/2012-2 and 558244/2009-2), FAPEAM grants 1600/2006, 465/2010 and PPFOR 147/2015, CNPq grants 473308/2009-6 and 558320/2009-0. European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant 291585 â âT-FORCESâ), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (#1656 âRAINFORâ, and âMonANPeruâ), the European Unionâs Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Framework Programme (EVK2-CT-1999-00023 â âCARBONSINK-LBAâ, 283080 â âGEOCARBONâ, 282664 â âAMAZALERT), the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/ D005590/1 â âTROBITâ, NE/F005806/1 â âAMAZONICAâ, E/M0022021/1 - âPPFORâ), several NERC Urgency and New Investigators Grants, the NERC/State of SĂŁo Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) consortium grants âBIO-REDâ (NE/N012542/1), âECOFORâ (NE/K016431/1, 2012/51872-5, 2012/51509-8), âARBOLESâ (NE/S011811/1, FAPESP 2018/15001-6), âSEOSAWâ (NE/P008755/1), âSECOâ (NE/T01279X/1), Brazilian National Research Council (PELD/CNPq 403710/2012-0), the Royal Society (University Research Fellowships and Global challenges Awards) (ICA/R1/180100 - âFORAMAâ), the National Geographic Society, US National Science Foundation (DEB 1754647) and Colombiaâs Colciencias. We thank the National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq) for support to the Cerrado/Amazonia Transition Long-Term Ecology Project (PELD/441244/2016-5), the PPBio Phytogeography of Amazonia/Cerrado Transition Project (CNPq/PPBio/457602/2012-0), PELD-RAS (CNPq, Process 441659/2016-0), RESFLORA (Process 420254/2018-8), Synergize (Process 442354/2019-3), the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuĂĄria â Embrapa (SEG: 02.08.06.005.00), the Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo â FAPESP (2012/51509-8 and 2012/51872-5), the GoiĂĄs Research Foundation (FAPEG/PELD: 2017/10267000329) the EcoSpace Project (CNPq 459941/2014-3) and several PVE and Productivity Grants. We also thank the âInvestissement dâAvenirâ program (CEBA, ref. ANR-10LABX-25-01), the SĂŁo Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 03/12595-7) and the Sustainable Landscapes Brazil Project (through Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), the US Forest Service, USAID, and the US Department of State) for supporting plot inventories in the Atlantic Forest sites in Sao Paulo, Brazil. L.E.O.C.A. was supported by CNPq (processes 305054/2016-3 and 442371/2019-5). We thank to the National Council for Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) for the financial support of the PELD project (441244/2016-5, 441572/2020-0) and FAPEMAT (0346321/2021). NE/B503384/1, NE/N012542/1 - âBIO-REDâ, ERC Advanced Grant 291585 - âT-FORCESâ, NE/F005806/1 - âAMAZONICAâ, NE/N004655/1 - âTREMORâ, NERC New Investigators Awards, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (âRAINFORâ, âMonANPeruâ), ERC Starter Grant 758873 -âTreeMortâ, EU Framework 6, a Royal Society University Research Fellowship, and a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship.The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015â2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (â0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C haâ1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015â2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected