Actualidad y prospectiva de la investigación científica en el Centro Universitario Amecameca de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Con responsabilidad, se organizó un programa cuya finalidad fuera publicitar con transparencia dichos avances, a través de un esfuerzo de rendición de cuentas a la comunidad inmediata, la universitaria, y a la comunidad abierta, la sociedad que la principal referencia para tal efecto. El programa se concretiza a través del presente libro, conformado con una inspiración de investigación multidisciplinaria; sin embargo, para llegar a tal fin, el reto es realizar el proceso de búsqueda y generación de conocimiento transitando hacia la colaboración de los cuerpos académicos, que puedan construir nuevos conocimientos fortalecidos por la convergencia de diferentes campos del saber. En consecuencia, la primera etapa de esta estrategia es la publicidad de los trabajos investigativos ejercidos, para hacer un balance al día, pero también proyectar el futuro de cada campo y área del conocimiento. La organización explicativa está organizada por tres bloques representativos del quehacer en la generación de conocimiento del Centro Universitario, un primer bloque centra el interés en las humanidades, educación y sustentabilidad; el segundo bloque lo integra la reflexión científica sobre la construcción democrática, derechos humanos y equidad de género; en el tercer segmento se destina a la seguridad alimentaria, salud pública y sistemas agropecuarios. La actualidad de la investigación eleva la producción lograda y lo que en el momento se encuentra en construcción y los alcances que produce para la docencia, la investigación misma, y para la sociedad en general. La prospectiva es un área que todos los capítulos desarrollan con el propósito de delinear los alcances innovadores por andar en teoría, metodología e incluso en los saberes mismo

Physical fitness and psychological health in overweight/obese children: A cross-sectional study from the ActiveBrains project

OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of physical fitness (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed/agility) with psychological distress and psychological well-being in overweight/obese pre-adolescent children. DESIGN: 110 overweight/obese children (10.0±1.1years old, 61 boys) from the ActiveBrains project (http://profith.ugr.es/activebrains) participated in this cross-sectional study. METHODS: Physical fitness was evaluated by the ALPHA battery test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was additionally evaluated by a maximal incremental treadmill. Stress was assessed by the Children's Daily Stress Inventory, anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, depression by the Children Depression Inventory, positive affect and negative affect by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, happiness by the Subjective Happiness Scale, optimism by the Life Orientation Test, and self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire. Linear regression adjusted for sex and peak height velocity was used to examine associations. RESULTS: Absolute upper-body muscular strength was negatively associated with stress and negative affect (β=-0.246, p=0.047; β=-0.329, p=0.010, respectively). Furthermore, absolute lower-body muscular strength was negatively associated with negative affect (β=-0.301, p=0.029). Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed by the last completed lap, and relative upper-body muscular strength were positively associated with optimism (β=0.220, p=0.042; β=0.240, p=0.017, respectively). Finally, absolute upper-body muscular strength was positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.362, p=0.003) independently of sex and weight status (p for interactions >0.3), and absolute lower-body muscular strength was also positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.352, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Muscular strength was associated with psychological distress (i.e. stress and negative affect) and psychological well-being (i.e. optimism and self-esteem) as well as cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with optimism. Therefore, increased levels of physical fitness, specifically muscular strength, could have significant benefits for overweight/obese children psychological health

La Extensión Universitaria como una herramienta para la apropiación social del conocimiento

La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), a través de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones Innovación y Extensión, busca promover la extensión universitaria como una estrategia que permite el intercambio, la aplicación y la integración del conocimiento científico, tecnológico, artístico y cultural; al igual que la vinculación con la realidad social, cultural, económica y productiva de la región y del país, al darle valor a las capacidades institucionales y al generar una articulación e integración entre la docencia y la investigación, la cual permita la identificación de problemáticas y la propuesta de alternativas de solución; además de las oportunidades en el sector externo para realizar intervenciones y alianzas que conduzcan a fortalecer y aportar al desarrollo económico, cultural y el bienestar de la comunidad en general. En este sentido, para el año 2019 se ofertó, a los miembros de la comunidad universitaria, la «Convocatoria interna para la financiación de proyectos de extensión social, cultural y artístico» cuya ejecución se realizaría en el año 2020 y cuyo objetivo era fomentar el desarrollo de proyectos de carácter social, cultural, artístico, los cuales permitieran la solución y transformación de problemáticas que involucrarán o beneficiarán sectores de diferentes comunidadesApropiación social del conocimientoCONTENIDO Población beneficiada ...............................................................................................54 Conclusiones..............................................................................................................54 Fotografías..................................................................................................................55 Bibliografía .................................................................................................................58 Capítulo cuatro Generación de Apropiación Social del Conocimiento en Temas de Procesamiento, Bioconservación y Nutrición, a los Productores del Mercado Agroecológico de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Alimentos para la Vida...................................................................................................................................63 Resumen .....................................................................................................................64 Abstract.......................................................................................................................65 Introducción...............................................................................................................65 Objetivos.....................................................................................................................66 Objetivo general.........................................................................................................66 Objetivos específicos.................................................................................................66 Metodología ..............................................................................................................67 Resultados...................................................................................................................68 Población beneficiada ...............................................................................................70 Conclusiones..............................................................................................................71 Bibliografía .................................................................................................................71 Fotografías..................................................................................................................74 Capítulo cinco Cursos de refuerzo basados en aprendizaje activo, social y cultural, para afrontar el contexto de la enseñanza en ingeniería desde una visión interdisciplinaria............................................................................................................79 Resumen .....................................................................................................................79 Abstract ......................................................................................................................80 Introducción...............................................................................................................81 Objetivos.....................................................................................................................84 Objetivo general.........................................................................................................84 Objetivos específicos.................................................................................................84 Metodología ...............................................................................................................85 Resultados...................................................................................................................88 Población beneficiada ...............................................................................................89 Conclusiones..............................................................................................................89 Bibliografía .................................................................................................................90 Capítulo seis Laboratorios andantes: Fotografía estenopeica como interfaz cultural de la memoria colectiva..........................................................................................................95 Resumen .....................................................................................................................95 Abstract ......................................................................................................................96 Introducción...............................................................................................................97 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 101 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 101 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 101 Metodología ........................................................................................................... 101 Resultados................................................................................................................ 105 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 108 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 109 Capítulo siete Divulgación académica y cultural de los productos turísticos y rol del arenero artesanal en el turismo de la Virginia, Risaralda.................................................. 113 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 113 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 114 Introducción............................................................................................................ 114 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 116 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 116 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 116 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 117 Resultados................................................................................................................ 117 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 119 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 120 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 120 Capítulo ocho Proyecto de actualización en cirugía general........................................................ 125 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 125 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 126 Introducción............................................................................................................ 127 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 127 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 127 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 128 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 128 Resultados................................................................................................................ 128 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 140 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 141 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 141 Capítulo nueve Implementación de metodologías de enseñanza/aprendizaje en niños de tercera infancia y adolescentes a través de conceptos y proyectos de la aeronáutica (Aerokid)....................................................................................................................... 145 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 145 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 146 Introducción............................................................................................................ 147 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 148 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 148 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 148 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 148 Resultados................................................................................................................ 158 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 158 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 158 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 159 Capítulo diez “Contagio: Cursos de Extensión de Educadores Noveles para Población Migrante”...................................................................................................................... 163 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 163 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 164 Introducción............................................................................................................ 165 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 166 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 166 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 166 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 167 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 169 Evento de cierre, 19 de noviembre: Narrativas migratorias: experiencias de viaje............................................................................................... 170 Medios de difusión................................................................................................ .171 Datos sobre la inscripción de los cursillistas....................................................... 171 Sobre la migración.................................................................................................. 173 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 173 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 177 Capítulo once Los mercados agroecológicos en Pereira, Dosquebradas y Santa Rosa: una expresión de dinámicas sociales y economías posibles....................................... 181 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 181 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 182 Introducción............................................................................................................ 183 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 185 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 185 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 185 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 185 Resultados................................................................................................................ 187 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 196 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 198 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 200 Capítulo doce Identificación e implementación de medidas integrales basadas en minería de datos para la disminución de la deserción al interior de la facultad de ingenierías de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira ......................................... 205 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 205 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 206 Introducción............................................................................................................ 206 Objetivos ................................................................................................................. 208 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 208 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 208 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 208 Resultados................................................................................................................ 209 Resultados preliminares......................................................................................... 225 Población beneficiada ........................................................................................... 226 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 226 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 22

A snapshot of antimicrobial resistance in Mexico. Results from 47 centers from 20 states during a six-month period.

AIM:We aimed to assess the resistance rates of antimicrobial-resistant, in bacterial pathogens of epidemiological importance in 47 Mexican centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS:In this retrospective study, we included a stratified sample of 47 centers, covering 20 Mexican states. Selected isolates considered as potential causatives of disease collected over a 6-month period were included. Laboratories employed their usual methods to perform microbiological studies. The results were deposited into a database and analyzed with the WHONET 5.6 software. RESULTS:In this 6-month study, a total of 22,943 strains were included. Regarding Gram-negatives, carbapenem resistance was detected in ≤ 3% in Escherichia coli, 12.5% in Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp., and up to 40% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa; in the latter, the resistance rate for piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) was as high as 19.1%. In Acinetobacter sp., resistance rates for cefepime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and TZP were higher than 50%. Regarding Gram-positives, methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was as high as 21.4%, and vancomycin (VAN) resistance reached up to 21% in Enterococcus faecium. Acinetobacter sp. presented the highest multidrug resistance (53%) followed by Klebsiella sp. (22.6%) and E. coli (19.4%). CONCLUSION:The multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and E. coli and the carbapenem resistance in specific groups of enterobacteria deserve special attention in Mexico. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and MRSA are common in our hospitals. Our results present valuable information for the implementation of measures to control drug resistance

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health