DEFINICIÓN DE UNA MEJOR PRÁCTICA DE MODELADO DIGITAL DE PRODUCTO PARA SIMULACIÓN CAM: Modelo IDEF y Conceptualización

Desarrollo del concepto y el modelo IDEF0 de lo que significa una Mejor Práctica en el Modelado Digital de Productos para lograr mejorar el proceso de simulación CAM. Los definiciones y modelos propuestos han sido válidados a través de la Metodología Delphi. Abstract: Development of the concept and IDEF0 model of what it means to a Best Practice into the Digital Modeling Design of Products in order to improve the CAM simulation process. The definitions and models proposed,have been validated through the Delphi methodology.Alducin Quintero Mármol, G. (2008). DEFINICIÓN DE UNA MEJOR PRÁCTICA DE MODELADO DIGITAL DE PRODUCTO PARA SIMULACIÓN CAM: Modelo IDEF y Conceptualización. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12283Archivo delegad

Management of visual clutter in annotated 3D CAD models: A comparative study

The use of annotations in CAD models has been an active area of research because of their ability to connect design information to specific aspects of the model s geometry. The effectiveness of annotations is determined by the ability to clearly communicate information. However, annotations can quickly create clutter and confusion as they increase both in number and complexity. Consequently, efficient interaction and visualization mechanisms become crucial. Despite recent standardizations of procedures for the presentation of textual information in CAD models, no explicit guidelines are available as to how to make annotated models more readable and manageable. In this paper, we present the results of a comparative study of different mechanisms to manage visual clutter in annotated 3D CAD models and offer recommendations based on our findings. Our results show that even basic interaction mechanisms have a substantial impact on user s performanceCamba, J.; Contero, M.; Johnson, M. (2014). Management of visual clutter in annotated 3D CAD models: A comparative study. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 8518:405-416. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07626-3_37S4054168518Kajko-Mattsson, M.: The State of Documentation Practice within Corrective Maintenance. In: IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, pp. 354–363. IEEE Press, New York (2001)Van De Vanter, M.L.: The Documentary Structure of Source Code. Information and Software Technology 44, 767–782 (2002)Haouari, D., Sahraoui, H., Langlais, P.: How Good is Your Comment? A Study of Comments in Java Programs. In: International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, pp. 137–146. IEEE Press, New York (2011)ASME Y14.41-2012 Digital Product Definition Data Practices. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York (2012)ISO 16792:2006 Technical Product Documentation – Digital Product Definition Data Practices. Organisation Internationale de Normalisation, Genève, Suisse (2006)Boehm, B., Bayuk, J., Desmukh, A., Graybill, R., Lane, J.A., Levin, A., et al.: Systems 2020 Strategic Initiative. DoD Systems Engineering Research Center. Technical Report, SERC-2010-TR-009 (2010)Quintana, V., Rivest, L., Pellerin, R.: Measuring and Improving the Process of Engineering Change Orders in a Model-Based Definition Context. International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management 6(2), 138–160 (2012)Alducin-Quintero, G., Rojo, A., Plata, F., Hernández, A., Contero, M.: 3D Model Annotation as a Tool for Improving Design Intent Communication: A Case Study on its Impact in the Engineering Change Process. In: ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, pp. 349–356. ASME, New York (2012)Dorribo-Camba, J., Alducin-Quintero, G., Perona, P., Contero, M.: Enhancing Model Reuse through 3D Annotations: A Theoretical Proposal for an Annotation-Centered Design Intent and Design Rationale Communication. In: ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition. ASME, New York (2013)Ding, L., Davies, D., McMahon, C.: Sharing Information throughout a Product Lifecycle via Markup of Product Models. In: ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, pp. 1267–1275. ASME, New York (2008)Ding, L., Ball, A., Patel, M., Matthews, J., Mullineux, G.: Strategies for the Collaborative Use of CAD Product Models. In: Proceedings of ICED 2009, 17th International Conference on Engineering Design, vol. 8, pp. 123–134 (2009)Ding, L., Davies, D., McMahon, C.A.: The Integration of Lightweight Representation and Annotation for Collaborative Design Representation. Research in Engineering Design 20(3), 185–200 (2009)Boujut, J.F., Dugdale, J.: Design of a 3D Annotation Tool for Supporting Evaluation Activities in Engineering Design. Cooperative Systems Design 6, 1–8 (2006)Bracewell, R.H., Wallace, K.M.: A Tool for Capturing Design Rationale. In: 14th International Conference on Engineering Design. Paper no. DS31_1437FPB (2003)Patel, M., Ball, A., Ding, L.: Curation and Preservation of CAD Engineering Models in Product Lifecycle Management. In: 14th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia Dedicated to Digital Heritage, pp. 59–66 (2008)Li, C., McMahon, C., Newnes, L.: Annotation in Product Lifecycle Management: A Review of Approaches. In: ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, pp. 797–806 (2009)Ahlberg, C., Shneiderman, B.: Visual Information Seeking: Tight Coupling of Dynamic Query Filters with Starfield Displays. In: SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 313–317 (1994)Fishkin, K., Stone, M.C.: Enhanced Dynamic Queries via Movable Filters. In: SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 415–420 (1995)Noyes, L.: The Positioning of Type on Maps: The Effect of Surrounding Material on Word Recognition Time. Human Factors 22(3), 353–360 (1980)Rosenholtz, R., Li, Y., Mansfield, J., Jin, Z.: Feature Congestion: A Measure of Display Clutter. In: SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 761–770 (2005)Tufte, E.R.: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Graphics Press, Cheshire (1983)Ellis, G., Dix, A.: A Taxonomy of Clutter Reduction for Information Visualisation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13(6), 1216–1223 (2007)Wolfe, J.M.: Guided Search 2.0: A Revised Model of Visual Search. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1(2), 202–238 (1994)Palmer, J.: Set-size Effects in Visual Search: the Effect of Attention is Independent of the Stimulus for Simple Tasks. Vision Research 34, 1703–1721 (1994)Rosenholtz, R.: Search asymmetries? What search asymmetries? Perception & Psychophysics 63(3), 476–489 (2001)Woodruff, A., Landay, J., Stonebraker, M.: Constant Information Density in Zoomable Interfaces. In: Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, pp. 57–65 (1998)Ellis, G., Bertini, E., Dix, A.: The Sampling Lens: Making Sense of Saturated Visualisations. In: Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1351–1354 (2005)Ellis, G., Dix, A.: Enabling Automatic Clutter Reduction in Parallel Coordinate Plots. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12(5), 717–723 (2006)Frank, A.U., Timpf, S.: Multiple Representations for Cartographic Objects in a Multi-scale Tree – An Intelligent Graphical Zoom. Computers & Graphics 18(6), 823–829 (1994)Cipriano, G., Gleicher, M.: Text Scaffolds for Effective Surface Labeling. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14(6), 1675–1682 (2008)Stein, T., Décoret, X.: Dynamic Label Placement for Improved Interactive Exploration. In: 6th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 15–21 (2008)Ali, K., Hartmann, K., Strothotte, T.: Label Layout for Interactive 3D Illustrations. Journal of WSCG 13(1), 1–8 (2005)Götzelmann, T., Hartmann, K., Strothotte, T.: Agent-Based Annotation of Interactive 3D Visualizations. In: Butz, A., Fisher, B., Krüger, A., Olivier, P. (eds.) SG 2006. LNCS, vol. 4073, pp. 24–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2006

Extended 3D annotations as a new mechanism to explicitly communicate geometric design intent and increase CAD model reusability

A successful implementation of the Model-Based Enterprise concept (MBE) requires maximizing the potential benefits of annotated 3D models. The foundations of the MBE model are established by digital product definition data practices, which are currently regulated by standards such as ASME Y14.41-2003 and ISO 16792:2006. At the center of the MBE concept is the notion of CAD model reusability, which relies on the idea that 3D CAD models can be reused both throughout the entire product lifecycle and as a starting point for future development of new products. In this context, a critical aspect of CAD model reuse is the proper identification and understanding of the geometric design intent that is usually expressed implicitly within the CAD model. In this work, we present a method to communicate geometric design intent explicitly by overloading and extending the scope of the current annotation instruments available in the MBE approach.We propose a new broader type of model annotation that we call extended annotation , where design information is represented both internally within the 3D model and externally, on a separate repository. This structure naturally demands additional mechanisms to support the interaction of users with the information. In order to manage the information stored in these extended annotations effectively, we implemented an annotation manager that automatically synchronizes the dual representation of the annotations. To reduce the visual clutter in the 3D model, the software provides powerful filtering, editing, and visualization capabilities, giving users complete control of the information stored in the model. Finally, a study was conducted with 60 participants to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and the usability of the annotation manager. Results show a statistically significant benefit of using the extended annotation system, suggesting the use of this model as a valuable approach to improve design intent communication.Camba, J.; Contero González, MR.; Johnson, M.; Company, P. (2014). Extended 3D annotations as a new mechanism to explicitly communicate geometric design intent and increase CAD model reusability. Computer-Aided Design. 57:61-72. doi:10.1016/j.cad.2014.07.001S61725

On the integration of model-based feature information in Product Lifecycle Management systems

[EN] As CAD models continue to become more critical information sources in the product's lifecycle, it is necessary to develop efficient mechanisms to store, retrieve, and manage larger volumes of increasingly complex data. Because of their unique characteristics, 3D annotations can be used to embed design and manufacturing information directly into a CAD model, which makes models effective vehicles to describe aspects of the geometry or provide additional information that can be connected to a particular geometric element. However, access to this information is often limited, difficult, and even unavailable to external applications. As model complexity and volume of information continue to increase, new and more powerful methods to interrogate these annotations are needed. In this paper, we demonstrate how 3D annotations can be effectively structured and integrated into a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system to provide a cohesive view of product-related information in a design environment. We present a strategy to organize and manage annotation information which is stored internally in a CAD model, and make it fully available through the PLM. Our method involves a dual representation of 3D annotations with enhanced data structures that provides shared and easy access to the information. We describe the architecture of a system which includes a software component for the CAD environment and a module that integrates with the PLM server. We validate our approach through a software prototype that uses a parametric modeling application and two commercial PLM packages with distinct data models.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the FEDER Funds, through the ANNOTA project (Ref. TIN2013-46036-C3-1-R).Camba, J.; Contero, M.; Company, P.; Pérez Lopez, DC. (2017). On the integration of model-based feature information in Product Lifecycle Management systems. International Journal of Information Management. 37(6):611-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.06.002S61162137

3D Model Annotation as a Tool for Improving Design Intent Communication: A Case Study on its Impact in the Engineering Change Process

This paper analyzes the impact of 3D model annotations on CAD user productivity in the context of the New Product Development Process. These annotations can provide valuable information to support an improved design intent communication. Comparably, they can play the same role as source code comments to support code maintainability in software engineering. A 3D CAD model is a geometry representation and it also stores the modeling strategy used to build it. Alteration of a complex CAD model usually represents a time consuming task due to the lack of an explicit explanation of the design rationale followed to build that 3D model. An experimental study conducted with Spanish and Mexican CAD students indicates that it is possible to reduce the time needed to perform engineering changes in existing models by between 13–26% by using annotations. Also some factors that affect the impact of annotations on the engineering change process such as part and alteration complexity were identified.</jats:p