Stereoselective cyanation of 4-formyl and 4-imino-β-lactams: Application to the synthesis of polyfunctionalized γ-lactams

The stereoselective reaction of 4-oxoazetidine-2-carbaldehydes and their corresponding imines with cyanide-based reagents give β-lactam α-aminonitriles, which are chameleonic building blocks for the controlled synthesis of a variety of new compounds including functionalized γ-lactams, succinimide derivatives, and diamino-lactams derivatives in optically pure form. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe

Sensacionalismo mediático y vulneración de derechos en los casos de Miriam, Antonia y Desirée, las “Niñas de Alcácer” y de Olivia y Anna, “Las niñas de Tenerife”

Desde sus orígenes, el sensacionalismo ha estado presente en la prensa. Si nos remontamos al siglo XVI, las gacetas francesas y alemanas ya distribuían crímenes y cotilleos de las familias más importantes de la sociedad. Más tarde, a finales del siglo XIX, el sensacionalismo sería clave para la prensa estadounidense gracias a Pulitzer y Hearst. El objetivo común de ambos era exagerar las noticias para llamar la atención de los lectores y, así, aumentar sus tiradas. En la actualidad, la situación en el periodismo no es muy diferente. El periodismo de sucesos o investigación ocupa gran parte de la agenda mediática, y su tratamiento, que debería ser más sensible y consecuente por lo delicados temas que se abordan, en la mayoría de los casos, no lo es. Por ello, en este trabajo se pretende analizar el tratamiento que llevaron a cabo dos medios de comunicación de prensa escrita como ABC y El País, de dos casos mediáticos ocurridos en el país. Como antecedente, se ha escogido el de las “Niñas de Alcácer” o “Niñas de Alcásser”, ocurrido entre 1992 y 1993, y del que se sigue hablando a día de hoy en la sociedad española. Aquí, también haremos un breve análisis del programa que presentaba Nieves Herrero y que levantó mucha polémica, posteriormente, tras la transmisión en directo que se llevó a cabo desde la localidad valenciana la noche en la que se hallaron los cuerpos de Miriam, Desirée y Antonia. El segundo análisis tratará el caso de las “Niñas de Tenerife”, dos hermanas secuestradas en 2021 por su padre como venganza a la madre de las menores. Además, conoceremos el Código Deontológico de la Federación de Periodistas de España (FAPE) que los periodistas deben llevar a cabo cuando ejercen su profesión. A veces, este código no se cumple, pues prima más la inmediatez de la transmisión y el sensacionalismo que puede englobar la noticia. También estudiaremos la vulneración de Derechos fundamentales en relación con los casos, como son el derecho al honor, a la intimidad y a la propia imagen, y, por otro lado, los Derechos de la Comunicación, así como los que protegen a los menores.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Periodism

Ly-6Chi monocytes dominate hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis and give rise to macrophages in atheromata

Macrophage accumulation participates decisively in the development and exacerbation of atherosclerosis. Circulating monocytes, the precursors of macrophages, display heterogeneity in mice and humans, but their relative contribution to atherogenesis remains unknown. We report here that the Ly-6C(hi) monocyte subset increased dramatically in hypercholesterolemic apoE-deficient mice consuming a high-fat diet, with the number of Ly-6C(hi) cells doubling in the blood every month. Ly-6C(hi) monocytes adhered to activated endothelium, infiltrated lesions, and became lesional macrophages. Hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis (HAM) developed from increased survival, continued cell proliferation, and impaired Ly-6C(hi) to Ly-6C(lo) conversion and subsided upon statin-induced cholesterol reduction. Conversely, the number of Ly-6C(lo) cells remained unaffected. Thus, we believe that Ly-6C(hi) monocytes represent a newly recognized component of the inflammatory response in experimental atherosclerosis

Influencia de la autoestima en niños de 6º de primaria según la variable género

This article aims to present the first results of a study on self-esteem in the classroom. In order to carry out this project, we have collected data of fifty 6th grade students of Primary Education in a school on Madrid. The results collected will be analyzed later. In order to do so, we have given the students a test AF5 autoconcepto foma 5 containing thirty questions, which evaluate five main aspects: academic/work, social, emotional, family and physical. Before elaborating this test, we have analyzed and studied in depth what self-steem is. Moreover, we have studied the kinds of self-steem that can be found, which aspects have influence on it, how can self-steem be improved, self-steem´s influence in the classroom and what the teacher´s role in students´ self-steem is. The aim of this project is to test the influence that self-steem has in the students’ performance, to what extent individuals´ personality can influence learning and the teacher´s role in the construction and improvement of their students´ self-steem. The most important conclusions we have reached are the following; self-steem have a great effect in the student’s performance; teachers and parents play an important role in sttudent’s self-steem development; and must strengthen the positive qualities of students in order to develop a positive self-steem that allow them to grow to be happy and whole people.Con la elaboración de este trabajo se pretende dar una visión de la importancia que tiene la autoestima en el desarrollo de las personas y cómo ésta influye en todos los aspectos. Así se ha realizado un recorrido por el concepto de autoestima, los tipos de autoestima qué podemos encontrar, qué aspectos influyen en ella, cómo podemos mejorarla, su influencia en el aula y qué papel juega el maestro en la autoestima de sus alumnos. El fin de este trabajo es comprobar la influencia que tiene la autoestima en el rendimiento escolar de los niños, hasta qué grado puede influir en el aprendizaje la personalidad de cada individuo y el papel que tiene el maestro en la construcción y mejora de la autoestima de sus alumnos. El estudio se realizó con una muestra de cincuenta alumnos de sexto curso de Educación Primaria de un colegio de Madrid capital. El instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario de Autoconcepto AF-5 que contiene una batería de treinta preguntas y evalúa cinco dimensiones (Académico/Laboral, Social, Emocional, Familiar y Física). Las conclusiones más importantes a las que se llegaron fueron que la autoestima influye en el rendimiento escolar del niño, padres y profesores juegan un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de la autoestima del niño y los maestros deben potenciar las cualidades positivas de sus alumnos para desarrollar una autoestima positiva que les permita crecer como personas completas y felices

Comparative study between public and private universities on the subjects of plastic education offered on the Early Childhood Education Teaching Degree

La Educación Plástica es una materia que beneficia el desarrollo integral de los niños. Sin embargo, parece ser que no se tienen en cuenta todas las ventajas que esta área puede desencadenar. Es necesario conocer cuál es el estado de la cuestión de las materias artísticas ofrecidas por las universidades públicas y privadas españolas en el Grado en Maestro de Educación Infantil. Para ello, se analizaron los diferentes planes de estudio de las universidades públicas y privadas españolas, observando que son las universidades privadas las que ofrecen un mayor número de asignaturas obligatorias o básicas de Educación Plástica, a pesar de que las públicas ofrecen una amplitud mayor de diversidad de créditos por asignatura y contenidos impartidos. Se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de aumentar las materias obligatorias y básicas de Educación Plástica en los planes de estudio de los futuros maestros con el fin de beneficiar la calidad docente universitaria, así como la educación futura que impartirán estos universitarios en sus futuras aulas de Educación Infantil.Plastic Education is a subject that benefits the integral development of children. However, it seems that not considering all the advantages that this area can trigger. It is necessary to know what is the state of play of artistic subjects offered by Spanish public and private universities in the Early Childhood Education Teaching Degree. For this, the different curricula of Spanish public and private universities were analyzed. It was observed that private universities offer a greater number of compulsory or basic subjects of Plastic Education, despite the fact that the public ones offer a greater range of courses, diversity of credits by subject and content taught. We reflecto n the need to increase the compulsory and basic subjects of Plastic Education in the study plans of future teachers in order to Benefit the university teaching quality, as well as the future education that these university students will impart in their future Early Childhood Education classrooms

Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by extracellular adherence protein of Staphylococcus aureus

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). A major hallmark of MS is the infiltration of T cells reactive against myelin components. T cell infiltration is mediated by the interaction of integrins of the β1 and β2 family expressed by lymphocytes with their endothelial counter-receptors, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, respectively. We have reported previously that extracellular adherence protein (Eap) of Staphylococcus aureus exerts antiinflammatory activities by interacting with ICAM-1 and blocking β2-integrin–dependent neutrophil recruitment. Here, we report that Eap inhibits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. In vitro, Eap reduced adhesion of peripheral blood T cells to immobilized ICAM-1 as well as their adhesion and transmigration of TNF-activated human endothelium under static and shear flow conditions. These inhibitory effects were corroborated in two mouse models of inflammation. In a delayed-type hypersensitivity model, both T cell infiltration and the corresponding tissue edema were significantly reduced by Eap. In addition, Eap administration prevented the development of EAE and markedly decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the CNS. Strikingly, intervention with Eap after the onset of EAE suppressed the disease. Collectively, our findings indicate that Eap represents an attractive treatment for autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders such as MS

Molecular analysis of isoniazid and rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered from Barcelona.

We studied the presence of mutations in the whole katG gene and specific regions of the oxyR-ahpC and mabA-inhA regulatory region in 61 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoniazid-resistant isolates. An 81-bp region of the rpoB gene was also sequenced in 17 rifampin-resistant strains. Alterations in the katG gene were detected in 55% of the isolates. Mutation in codon 315 was the most prevalent (32%). Strains showed a high level of resistance, and most maintained a substantial catalase-peroxidase activity. Three strains with an isoniazid MIC of ≥32 µg/ml lacked catalase-peroxidase activity. Two of them had deletions in the catalytic domain of the KatG protein. One strain with deletion and three strains with mutations in the C-terminal domain showed low-level resistance and conserved the catalase-peroxidase activity. Mutations in the mabA-inhA regulatory region were identified in 32% of the isolates. All had low-level resistance, and the vast majority conserved catalase-peroxidase activity. Seventeen percent of the isoniazid-resistant isolates had no detectable alterations at the studied loci. Resistance to rifampin was associated with mutations in the 81-bp of the rpoB gene in all cases. IS6110 analysis indicated that recent transmission contributed substantially to the emergence of isoniazid- resistant tuberculosis in Barcelona through short transmission chains. A rapid genotypic assay, including the 315-katG codon and the -15 nucleotide of the mabA-inhA regulatory region, may cover 62% of isoniazid- resistant strains in Barcelona. In contrast, the targeting of the 81-bp region of rpoB would detect all our rifampin-resistant isolates

Dendritic cell expression of the transcription factor T-bet regulates mast cell progenitor homing to mucosal tissue

The transcription factor T-bet was identified in CD4+ T cells, and it controls interferon γ production and T helper type 1 cell differentiation. T-bet is expressed in certain other leukocytes, and we recently showed (Lord, G.M., R.M. Rao, H. Choe, B.M. Sullivan, A.H. Lichtman, F.W. Luscinskas, and L.H. Glimcher. 2005. Blood. 106:3432–3439) that it regulates T cell trafficking. We examined whether T-bet influences homing of mast cell progenitors (MCp) to peripheral tissues. Surprisingly, we found that MCp homing to the lung or small intestine in T-bet−/− mice is reduced. This is reproduced in adhesion studies using bone marrow–derived MCs (BMMCs) from T-bet−/− mice, which showed diminished adhesion to mucosal addresin cellular adhesion molecule–1 (MAdCAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule–1 (VCAM-1), endothelial ligands required for MCp intestinal homing. MCp, their precursors, and BMMCs do not express T-bet, suggesting that T-bet plays an indirect role in homing. However, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that T-bet expression by BM cells is required for MCp homing to the intestine. Furthermore, transfer of WT BM-derived dendritic cells (DCs) to T-bet−/− mice restores normal MCp intestinal homing in vivo and MCp adhesion to MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1 in vitro. Nonetheless, T-bet−/− mice respond vigorously to intestinal infection with Trichinella spiralis, eliminating a role for T-bet in MC recruitment to sites of infection and their activation and function. Therefore, remarkably, T-bet expression by DCs indirectly controls MCp homing to mucosal tissues

Identification of clinical variants beyond the exome in inborn errors of metabolism

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) constitute a huge group of rare diseases affecting 1 in every 1000 newborns. Next-generation sequencing has transformed the diagnosis of IEM, leading to its proposed use as a second-tier technology for confirming cases detected by clinical/biochemical studies or newborn screening. The diagnosis rate is, however, still not 100%. This paper reports the use of a personalized multi-omics (metabolomic, genomic and transcriptomic) pipeline plus functional genomics to aid in the genetic diagnosis of six unsolved cases, with a clinical and/or biochemical diagnosis of galactosemia, mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), citrullinemia, or urea cycle deficiency. Eight novel variants in six genes were identified: six (four of them deep intronic) located in GALE, IDUA, PTS, ASS1 and OTC, all affecting the splicing process, and two located in the promoters of IDUA and PTS, thus affecting these genes’ expression. All the new variants were subjected to functional analysis to verify their pathogenic effects. This work underscores how the combination of different omics technologies and functional analysis can solve elusive cases in clinical practic