Huellas en la Antártida: Impacto de las actividades humanas en la vegetación briofítica

Conferencia invitadaLa Antártida es el único territorio del planeta sin nacionalidad, aunque con reclamaciones históricas de soberanía de varios países, en suspenso desde 1961 tras la firma de Tratado Antártico. Es un territorio internacional, libre de actividad militar y consagrado a fines pacíficos y al libre desarrollo e intercambio científico. Desde la aprobación en 1991 del Protocolo de Madrid, las partes se comprometen, además “a la protección global del medio ambiente antártico y los ecosistemas dependientes y asociados y [ …] designan a la Antártida como reserva natural, consagrada a la paz y a la ciencia”. Su gestión se realiza por medio de reuniones consultivas de las partes (RCTA) y también por medio de instituciones permanentes como la Secretaría del Tratado Antártico y el Comité Especial para las Investigaciones Antárticas (SCAR). Mientras la explotación de recursos minerales está explícitamente prohibida, el turismo, a medio camino entre actividad comercial y libre tránsito de ciudadanos, es una actividad en auge en los últimos años, con unos 35.000 visitantes anuales, y la Asociación de Operadores Turísticos en la Antártida (IAATO) participa en las reuniones consultivas del tratado (RCTA). La Antártida es actualmente un territorio de acceso libre pero regulado y solo algunas zonas de especial protección (ASPA) están restringidas al público. El incremento de la actividad científica y de las visitas turísticas a este continente suponen un importante reto para la conservación de este santuario, especialmente en la Península Antártica y las Shetland del Sur. En esta zonas de clima más suave, la cobertura vegetal -casi exclusivamente criptogámica- alcanza su mayor desarrollo. La conferencia se centrará en el caso particular de Isla Barrientos (Islas Shetland del Sur, Archipiélago Aitcho) y los daños sufridos en la cobertura vegetal por el trasiego de turistas, como ejemplo de la sensibilidad de estos ecosistemas polares y los efectos perniciosos que pueden tener algunas decisiones sobre su manejo.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

La importancia de la lactancia materna en la lucha contra el hambre : primer y tercer mundo unidos por una causa común

La alimentación durante los primeros meses de vida es un aspecto fundamental que marcará el estado nutricional de los bebés. Hoy en día, resulta difícil saber cuál es la mejor opción para alimentar a nuestros hijos. La lactancia materna reporta una serie de beneficios fundamentales para el desarrollo y la salud del bebé. Tanto en el tercer como en el primer mundo debe concienciarse a la sociedad de la importancia del amamantamiento. Es un hecho que debe extenderse y normalizarse. El futuro de los niños no debe ser algo que se ponga en juego. La lactancia materna no sólo es un vinculo materno-filial sino que es una vía saludable para el correcto crecimiento de los más pequeños

Bryophytes from some Caatinga areas in the state of Bahia (Brazil)

The caatinga is a deciduous and xerophilous vegetation that covers large areas in Brazil. An irregular rainfall with a marked dry period is a characteristic feature. This paper represents the first contribution to the knowledge of the bryoflora from caatinga vegetation in the State of Bahia. The survey was carried out in several areas from Bahia in which eigthteen species of bryophytes were found (15 mosses and 3 liverworts). The bryoflora from caatinga is composed mainly of generalists and xerophilous taxa, but even some hygrophilous species can be found. A number of species including Hyophiladelphus agrarius, Hyophila involuta, Calymperes palisotii ssp. richardii, Bryum argenteum, Entodontopsis leucostega, Octoblepharum albidum, Frullania ericoides also occur in other vegetation types. However, there are a number of species restricted to this type of vegetation, such as Helicophyllum torquatum and Riccia vitalii, at least in Bahia. Most moss species were acrocarpous with erect and short (short-turf) growth-form, whereas the foliose hepaticae were of incubous, and thallose forms

The European Union can afford greater ambition in the conservation of its threatened plants

The importance of Natura 2000 network for the conservation of natural habitats, wild flora and fauna at European level is undeniable. However, it may not have reached its full potential since the loss of biodiversity continues to increase year on year. Further on, a third of the plant species listed in the Habitats Directive to guide the declaration of European Union Natura 2000 network of protected areas is not threatened and there is broad agreement on the need to review and update the species list. Here, the effectiveness of Natura 2000 in the conservation of Spanish bryophytes and vascular plants included in the Habitats Directive Annex II is analysed and compared with the one offered to the species included in the Spanish Red Lists. Results show a remarkable coverage of Natura 2000 over the distribution areas of threatened species, thus providing an umbrella effect on these taxa. It confirms that the number of plant species in the Habitats Directive could be significantly extended without altering the current configuration of the network. This would allow the incorporation of scientific advances produced since the Habitats Directive was approved almost 30 years ago, and will contribute to the goals of the new European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, such as to consider impacts caused by alien species, land use or climate changesThe Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities supported J.C.M.S. through the Bioregions 2.0 project (CGL2017-86926-P

Epiphytic bryophytes of Quercus forests in Central and North inland Iberian Peninsula

Frontiers of Biogeography 7.1 (2015): 21-28 This Document is Protected by copyright and was first published by Frontiers. All rights reserved. It is reproduced with permissionDiversity patterns are governed by a complex network of interacting factors. Studies directed to disentangle the most important factors affecting diversity have frequently shown divergent results, which has encouraged a rewarding debate about the relative importance of each factor. Scale dependency has been identified as a direct cause of at least part of such divergences. However, studies with spatially-explicit measurements at different scales are costly and therefore they are relatively scarce despite their importance. Here, we present a database to disentangle the cross-scale variation in the importance of factors affecting the diversity of epiphytic bryophyte communities in Quercus dominated forests (Quercus ilex L., Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus faginea Lam.) in the North-western region of the Iberian Peninsula. We provide species-per-site abundance information with more than 9000 entries and an environmental table containing 20 in situ measured variables at three different scales (forest, stand, and sample). The database will help to advance the research of cross-scale effects of diversity patterns while at the same time providing valuable information on the distribution of a poorly known group of organismsThe fieldwork was funded by the Spanish Government through grants CGL2007-61389, CGL2010-15693 and CGL2011-28857. N.G.M. was supported by a PhD grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education (grant number AP2007-00905

On the mend of bryophyte conservation in Spain: preparing a proposal for the inclusion of bryophytes in national species protection catalogues

The Spanish bryoflora contains 1291 taxa, 272 of them included in the Spanish Red List under any threat category. Although bryophytes show a low rate of endemicity compared to vascular flora, Spanish administration’s responsibility for the conservation of these plants is very high, since the country has 63 exclusive or rare species on a European or world scale. However, the representation of this group of plants in the Spanish legislation on species conservation is merely anecdotal. Royal Decree 139/2011 of 4 February develops a list of wild protected species (LESRPE and CEEA, Spanish abbreviations) and includes only 10 species of bryophytes, all of them from the Directive Habitats and the Bern Convention. The legal protection of endangered species of bryophytes is needed, not only to ensure the integrity of the most sensitive bryophyte populations, but also because it will result in the overall protection of their habitats and other species that coexist with them. Their inclusion in LESRPE and CEEA will allow a periodical monitoring of the species and a better assessment of the success or failure of commonly used management measures. The criteria for the incorporation of species into national protection catalogues are rather restrictive and inclusion of species without specific studies is not easy. During the work developed for the Atlas and Red Data Book of the threatened bryophytes of Spain, valuable information was obtained in this sense, although it covered only a fraction of the total number of species on the Red List (74 species were evaluated). Based on the available information, a list of species has been drawn to elaborate a proposal that should be raised to the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and the Environment, which would imply a qualitative leap in the level of protection of this neglected group of plants and a new impetus to the necessary work started at the first phase of the Bryophyte Atlas

Extinction risk of threatened and non-threatened mosses: Reproductive and ecological patterns

For the conservation of species, it is crucial to predict extinction risk by discerning drivers such as biological traits and habitat specificity within the current context of environmental change. However, we lack comprehensive studies for threatened bryophytes that include comparisons to non-threatened ones. We aim to fill this gap and to detect biological traits related to extinction risk that provide new insights to develop conservation strategies for bryophytes. We analyzed the mosses of Spain (n = 771) categorized into two groups (threatened and non-threatened) based on the IUCN Red List categories and considered seven variables related to reproduction and habitat preferences. Threatened mosses show reproductive and habitat preference patterns that differ from those of the non-threatened species. The lack of reproduction, asexual reproduction, and monoicy are more common among threatened than non-threatened mosses. Habitat specialization, acidic and humid substrates are ecological characteristics associated with threatened mosses. In contrast, sexual reproduction and dioicy are more frequent among non-threatened species. Ecological features, such as the colonization of multiple habitats and wider altitudinal ranges, are also more often associated with non-threatened mosses. Overall, we show that the extinction risk of mosses is associated with distinct reproductive traits and habitat preferences that may be related to the current context of global change and the natural rarity of some speciesThis work was partially supported by Fundación Biodiversidad from MITECO (Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, Spain) through the project BRYO

Caso familia Benítez

Este trabajo de grupo realizado en el ámbito de la asignatura de Trabajo Social Familiar e Infantil expone el desarrollo de un caso familiar. Se describen las variables que aparecen, su interrelación y priorización. Los objetivos de la intervención en relación con los recursos disponibles, las tareas propias del trabajador social, junto con el desarrollo de las etapas de la primera y siguientes entrevistas, las tareas de los demás profesionales que intervienen y las de los usuarios, así como la calendarización y la evaluación de las actuaciones profesionales, que dan lugar a un nuevo diseño de intervención, son los temas desarrollados de manera pertinente y adecuada en este trabajo de curso

Bryophytes of Europe Traits (BET) dataset: a fundamental tool for ecological studies

Bryophytes are a diverse group of organisms with unique properties, yet they are severely underrepresented in plant trait databases. Building on the recently published European Red List of bryophytes and previous trait compilations, we present the Bryophytes of Europe Traits (BET) data set, including biological traits such as those related to life history, growth habit, sexual and vegetative reproduction; ecological traits such as indicator values, substrate and habitat; and bioclimatic variables based on the species' European range. The data set includes values for 65 traits and 25 bio-climatic variables, containing more than 135,000 trait values with a completeness of 82.7% on average. The data set will enable future studies in bryophyte biology, ecology and conservation, and may help to answer fundamental questions in bryology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio