Formas de gobierno y representación universitaria : análisis de las universidades: Valparaíso (Chile) y Nacional de Cuyo (Argentina)

En este trabajo nos proponemos conocer las formas de gobierno de dos de las Universidades involucradas en la Cátedra Virtual y aproximarnos a un estudio comparativo. Creemos importante, que al estudio de la democracia en América Latina en sus diferentes instituciones, sumemos la situación en las Universidades del Continente, y primeramente las aquí comprendidas: la Universidad de Valparaíso y la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Es necesario adentrarnos en las características particulares de su régimen de gobierno y así identificar: los grados de representatividad y mecanismos de selección y elección de representantes en el gobierno universitario. Dadas las características propias de la cátedra y el trabajo a realizar, ésta investigación tendría sólo un carácter exploratorio, para que en ésta experiencia de integración desde la Cátedra, nos permita a los estudiantes, conocer los distintos regímenes de gobierno que rigen nuestra vida académica cotidiana

Atención en la agonía

La mayoría de los pacientes en situación terminal pasan por una fase de deterioro que precede en unos días a su fallecimiento y se denomina agonía. El reconocimiento de que una persona está entrando en esta fase es fundamental para adecuar el plan de cuidados del enfermo y su familia, enfatizando en el confort y los cuidados esenciales. La atención a los familiares debe ser una actividad central de la asistencia en esta fase de la enfermedad. Debemos informar claramente de la situación, tratando de anticipar la probable sintomatología que puede tener el paciente, y como y cuando se va a producir la muerte. Se debe fomentar una actitud activa de los familiares y facilitar apoyo emocional. El plan de cuidados en esta fase debe incluir las medidas ambientales y físicas y el tratamiento farmacológico necesario para controlar adecuadamente la sintomatología. El resto de los tratamientos farmacológicos deben ser retirados. Generalmente la vía de elección en la administración de fármacos es la subcutánea. La nutrición e hidratación no están generalmente indicadas en esta fase salvo consideraciones especiales. En algunas ocasiones la sintomatología del paciente en la fase agónica no puede controlarse con los tratamientos habituales y debemos recurrir a la sedación. La sedación paliativa se define como “el uso de fármacos específicamente sedantes para reducir un sufrimiento intolerable, derivado de síntomas refractarios, mediante la disminución del nivel de consciencia del paciente”. La indicación de sedación paliativa debe cumplir una serie de garantías éticas y una adecuada realización y monitorización del tratamiento.Most terminally-ill patients pass through a phase of deterioration that precedes, by a few days, their death. Making the diagnosis of dying phase is key to ensuring that the patient and his or her family receives the best possible care and eventually experiences a good death. Care of the families should be a central activity of health teams in this phase. We should inform clearly of the situation, trying to anticipate symptoms and time, as well as circumstances, to death. We should encourage an active attitude of the family and adequate emotional support. Care plan should include non-pharmacological and pharmacological approach to achieve symptom control. Usually subcutaneous route is the best route to administrate drugs in this phase. Nutrition and fluids should not be offered to imminently dying patients unless it is considered likely that the benefit will outweigh the harm. Sometimes, when is no possible to relieve symptoms in the last days of life with available drugs, we can use palliative sedation therapy. Palliative sedation is defined as the use of specific sedative medications to relieve intolerable suffering from refractory symptoms by a reduction in patient consciousness. The indication of palliative sedation should follow systematic and inclusive processes that include ethical considerations, drug selection and monitoring of patients

Niveles de GAD-67/GAD-65 y actividad inmunosupresora de las células madre mesenquimales expuestas a citoquinas proinflamatorias in vitro

Tesis (Tecnólogo Médico, mención bioanálisis clínico, inmunohematología y banco de sangre)Las Células Madre Mesenquimales (MSC) son células multipotentes que tienen la capacidad de diferenciarse a osteocitos, condrocitos y adipocitos. El éxito alcanzado en medicina regenerativa se debe a que las MSC poseen también una fuerte capacidad inmunosupresora, condición esencial en el proceso regenerativo. Estudios recientes demuestran un claro efecto de estimulación de las capacidades inmunosupresoras de MSC por Interferón-γ (IFN-γ), ya sea sólo o en combinación con otras citoquinas pro-inflamatorias, como Interleuquina-1β (IL-1β). Recientemente, se ha demostrado la interacción funcional del sistema nervioso central y el sistema inmune. Las células del sistema inmune responden, y producen ellas mismas, neurotransmisores como dopamina, acetilcolina y ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA). Se ha descrito que GABA actúa como un potente agente inmunosupresor y numerosos estudios demuestran su efectividad en la prevención de enfermedades autoinmunes en estudios pre-clínicos. Sin embargo, se desconoce si la biosíntesis de GABA está relacionada con la capacidad inmunosupresora de MSC. Mediante técnicas moleculares de RT-qPCR y Western Blot, se determinaron los niveles de mRNA y proteína de las enzimas biosintéticas de GABA, ácido glutámico descarboxilasa (GAD)-67 y GAD-65 en MSC expuestas a IFN-γ e IL-1β. Aquí, nosotros demostramos: (1) aumento de los niveles de mRNA y proteína de GAD-67 en MSC expuestas a las citoquinas IFN-γ e IL-1β; (2) aumento de mRNA de GAD-67 con IL-1β; (3) aumento de las propiedades inmunosupresoras de MSC pre-tratadas con IL-1β por sí sola o en conjunto con IFN-γ, en ensayos de inmunosupresión de células T CD4+. Nuestros resultados indican que existe un aumento selectivo de los niveles de GAD-67 en condiciones pro-inflamatorias, que concuerda con la mayor capacidad inmunosupresora de MSC. Estos resultados sugieren que GABA podría constituir parte de la maquinaria inmunosupresora de MSC. Experimentos de pérdida de función de GAD-67 (knockdown) permitirán definir el papel de GABA en la inmunosupresión mediada por MSC

Cadastral data integration through Linked Data

Ponencias, comunicaciones y pósters presentados en el 17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science "Connecting a Digital Europe through Location and Place", celebrado en la Universitat Jaume I del 3 al 6 de junio de 2014.Cadastral data is one of the more important types of geospatial data. Taking into account the importance of these data, several international bodies have worked for creating a standardised model for land administration. However, in spite of existing efforts, there are several open issues for the development of a harmonized vision of cadastral data. Taking into account this scenario, Linked Open Data may allow addressing some of these challenges, by proposing best practices for exposing, sharing, and integrating data on the Web. This paper shows a use case where two cadastral information sources are semantically integrated according to Linked Data principles. These sources belong to different Colombian cadastral producers and are characterized by different heterogeneity issues. Herein, we describe an implementation of Linked Data principles in the cadastral domain using LADM standard (ISO 19152) and GeoSPARQL. Besides, our original data are enriched with different dataset of Linked Data cloud (LinkedGeoData and GeoNames)

The knowledge of the students of biology teaching about “exotic species” and “bioinvasion”

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo explorar los conocimientos que sobre especie exótica y bioinvasiones poseen 45 estudiantes del último curso del profesorado en Ciencias Biológicas pertenecientes a cuatro instituciones educativas de nivel superior de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). El estudio se basó en el análisis de un cuestionario abierto que tuvo en cuenta dichos conceptos; además, las consecuencias de las bioinvasiones y su modo de prevención y control. Las producciones obtenidas a través de los cuestionarios fueron categorizadas teniendo en cuenta las respuestas de los estudiantes y las definiciones aceptadas por la comunidad científica. Los resultados permitieron determinar que los estudiantes conocen el significado de especie exótica y expresan conceptos simplificados en relación a las invasiones biológicas y a las consecuencias que estas ocasionan. Se destaca la escasa consideración de los aspectos educativos como medio generador de una conciencia social, tendiente a evitar la introducción de especies exóticas.The intend of this analysis is to assess the knowledge of concepts such as exotic species and invasive species on a sample of 45 students of the last year of the Biology Education career in the country of Argentina. The selected sample comes from four undergrad institutions from the province of Buenos Aires. An open questionnaire was used to collect information on such concepts as well as the environmental effects of invasive species, prevention, and control. The answers were classified in two categories; first, those provided by the 45 students and second, definitions accepted by the scientific community. Based on the results we concluded that students from the last year of the Biology Education career know the concept of exotic species, but show some weakness associated with the invasive species concept and their effect on the environment. We concluded from the analysis and our own experience that there exist a little attention paid by the Biology Education curricula on these critical environmental components as they are fundamental to rise community awareness to either prevent the introduction of exotic species or reduce their effect on the ecosystem.Fil: Vilches, Alfredo Martín. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Legarralde, Teresa Inés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Darrigran, Gustavo Alberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Influence of irrigation conditions in the germination of plasma treated Nasturtium seeds

Plasma treatments had emerged as a useful technique to improve seed germination. In this work we investigate the influence of different irrigation conditions and plasma treatments on the germination of nasturtium seeds. During plasma treatment, seeds experience a progressive weight loss as a function of treatment time that has been associated to water release, a process that is more pronounced after longer plasma treatment times. Seeds treated for short times (<30 s) are able to germinate more efficiently than untreated specimen under hydric stress (drought conditions), while plasma treatments for longer times (up to 300 s) impaired germination independently on irrigation conditions. Characterization analysis of plasma treated seeds by FTIR-ATR, SEM/EDX and XPS showed that plasma treatment affected the chemical state of pericarp while, simultaneously, induced a considerable increase in the seeds water uptake capacity. The decrease in germination efficiency found after plasma treatment for long times, or for short times under optimum irrigation conditions, has been attributed to that the excess of water accumulated in the pericarp hampers the diffusion up to the embryo of other agents like oxygen which are deemed essential for germination.España FEDER y MINECO MINECO (projects MAT2013-40852-R, MAT2016-79866-R, MINECOCSIC 201560E055)España, RECUPERA 2020 y Junta de Andalucía project P12-2265 M

Rehabilitación de edificios: revisión de modelos y la evaluación del impacto ambiental a través del análisis de ciclo de vida

Nowadays, renovation of buildings is a general recommendation in order to reduce the operational energy consumption and their emissions associated. Besides, the renovation of buildings allows reusing materials, increasing the building life service and avoiding the deconstruction and new construction impacts. However, it is necessary to be aware that the intervention itself generate an impact (embodied energy, transportation and construction process), and sometimes, energy systems upgrading does not mean a consumption reduction and it also have influence on the city metabolism. The European Union and the Royal Institute of British Architecture have defined strategies in order to reduce the impact associated to buildings through renovations or refurbishments, however, both approaches have differences in their own standpoint. Besides, there are many concepts and terms associated to renovation that do not allow to clarify the objective with a technical and rigorously perspective. Facing the current uncertainties, life cycle assessment technique allows focusing on an already confirmed methodology in order to evaluate the potential environmental impacts associated to the renovation of buildings. While environmental impact on new construction is highly addressed, publication of refurbishment’s environmental impact is lacking in the academic literature. The used materials in construction phase of conventional building accounts for 20% of the total life cycle impact, while the operation energy is around 80%. However, recent researches show how as we design buildings with lower energy consumption the previous balance is levelling, and thus the weight of the materials on the total impact of the building is around 40% compared to 60% of operating energy. Therefore, in this communication are shown the current approaches and concepts in an international context to define a low environmental impact renovation. Firstly, it is proposed a classification of the renovation impacts according to the rebound effect theory. Secondly, it has been done a review of the academic literature that has used the life cycle assessment to evaluate the renovation of buildings, where convergences and divergences has been found between authors. Finally, it concludes highlighting those common perspectives and what fields are needed to develop in order to get a holistic and global approach of the environmental impact of renovation of buildings

Guía para el estudio de macroinvertebrados I : méodos de colecta y técnicas de fijación

Fil: Darrigran, Gustavo Alberto. División Zoología Invertebrados; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Vilches, Alfredo. Departamento Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Legarralde, Teresa Inés. Departamento Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Damborenea, María Cristina. División Zoología Invertebrados; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Thesauri Design to improve access to Cartographic Heritage in the context of the Spatial Data Infrastructures

Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica, ontologías, Información Geográfica, interoperabilidad. The access of historians and document management specialists to documentary funds and old cartography is at times arduous due to the scattering of maps throughout different map libraries. Thus, it would be of interest to be able to access all available information remotely, following the Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) guidelines. DIGMAP is a cooperative project between six European countries that proposes to develop a solution for indexing, searching and browsing, through a thesaurus, in the European collections of digitized historical maps. It will be possible to match them with the geographic areas covered by each map in the collection and to find it on them, based on standard and open data models. These results will be useful for local digital map libraries, especially if it is of historical – cultural importance, or as interoperable components for wider and distributed systems. This project takes advantage of thesauri technologies to develop three major subsystems: On one hand, the gazetteer for managing and providing access to multilingual information relating to geographic features like geographic coordinates, names of places or areas and historical events related with the geographic points, places or areas (with dates or time intervals); The authority file to maintain and provide easy access to the author’s information and identification and disambiguating from similar and duplicate authors; and on the other hand, the map services for providing access to map information in raster and vector formats. The paper presents an early overview on the DIGMAP project, particularly focusing on the multilingual Thesauri aspects with the aim of providing solutions for the cartographic heritage framework, applying the main Spatial Data Infrastructures guidelines. ISO 19112 (Spatial Reference by Geographic Identifiers) will also be considered and its geographic identifiers issues

A Systematic Review of the Use of Agile Methodologies in Education to Foster Sustainability Competencies

Life-long learning and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in the current fast-evolving and ever-changing society requires modern pedagogical tools and methodologies that help the transmission of key competencies such as coping with uncertainty, adaptability, creativity, dialog, respect, self-confidence, emotional intelligence, responsibility and systemic thinking. The recent trend of the application of Agile methodologies for the management of projects in different fields can be a valuable tool to convey these competencies due to the participative, collaborative and constructionist principles in which they are deeply rooted. Some experiences of the application of Agile Methodologies in education—originating what is known as Agile Education—are, therefore, starting to appear in the literature. This work carries out a systematic review to analyze how this modern pedagogical tool is being used to foster key sustainable development competencies in the field of education. Results are presented for 11 out of 121 analyzed studies which present a direct link between key ESD competencies and Agile Education. It is shown that Agile Education creates a learning environment favorable for the creation of responsible and sustainable citizens while improving the performance, satisfaction and motivation of both faculty and students