The Use of Concentrates Rich in Orange By-Products in Goat Feed and Its Effects on Physico-Chemical, Textural, Fatty Acids, Volatile Compounds and Sensory Characteristics of the Meat of Suckling Kids

We analysed how replacing cereal concentrates with dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in the diet of mother goats affects the meat quality of suckling kids. Three experimental diets for mother goats were designed. The DOP-0 diet contained commercial concentrates and alfalfa hay. In the DOP-40 and DOP-80 diets, 40% and 80% (respectively) of the cereal in the concentrate was replaced with pellets of DOP (the alfalfa hay component was unchanged). We evaluated the chemical composition, texture, water holding capacity, colour, fatty acids (FAs) profile, volatile compounds, and sensorial appraisal of the meat from 30 male suckling kids (cold carcass weight 4.74 kg, 4.82 kg, and 4.65 kg for DOP-0, DOP-40, and DOP-80, respectively) of the Payoya breed (n = 10 for each diet). Meat from kids in the DOP-40 and DOP-80 groups exhibited characteristics favourable for human health, including the meat’s thrombogenicity index, PUFA/SFA ratio (0.60 index), and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio (approximately 7.50). The meat also exhibited reduced MUFA content (around 460 mg/100 g fresh meat). An increase in ethyl furan, dimethyl disulphide and heptane was observed in grilled meat from goats that were fed using DOP. The inclusion of DOP in goat feed improved consumers’ sensory appreciation of the kid’s meat

Immediate Maxillary Restoration of Single-Tooth Implants Using Platform Switching for Crestal Bone Preservation: A 12-Month Study

© 2009 Quintessence Publising CO. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants.Purpose: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival rates at 12 months of a new implant design placed in the anterior and premolar areas of the maxilla and immediately restored with single crowns. Crestal bone loss was also assessed. Materials and Methods: Patients seeking replacement of at least one failing maxillary tooth were recruited to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria included compromised general health conditions, severe maxillomandibular skeletal discrepancies, severe parafunctional habits, drug or alcohol abuse, poor oral hygiene, and a need for bone augmentation. Implants incorporating the platform-switching concept were placed into fresh extraction sockets in the maxilla, with each patient receiving a provisional restoration immediately after implant placement. After 15 days, definitive restorations were inserted. Mesial and distal bone levels were evaluated with digital radiography on the day after implant placement, 15 days later, and 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 12 months later. Primary stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Analysis of variance for repeated measures and a binary logistic regression model were used to assess the data. Results: Sixty-one implants were placed into fresh extraction sites in 25 men and 25 women ranging in age from 29 to 51 years (mean, 39.64 ± 6.06 years). One of the implants failed, and one was lost to follow-up. The mean bone loss measured on the mesial was 0.08 mm (SD 0.53 mm). Mean distal bone loss was 0.09 mm (SD 0.65 mm). Over the course of 12 months, the mean RFA value between baseline and 12 months was 71.1 ± 6.2. Conclusions: The implants remained stable over the course of 12 months and had an overall survival rate of 96.7%. Minimal crestal bone loss was recorded around the surviving implants

Offensive and defensive team performance: relation to successful and unsuccessful participation in the 2010 Soccer World Cup

The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of selected offensive and defensive performance indicators in relation to teams’ success in the 2010 soccer World Cup. The sample used corresponded to 54 matches played in both the group and knockout stage. The game-related statistics gathered were: total shots, shots on goal, shots off goal, % of shots on goal from total shots, % of shots off goal from total shots, offensive and defensive effectiveness 1 (goals/total shots), and offensive and defensive effectiveness 2 (goals/shots on goal). In addition, the first’s goal influence in the match’s outcome (for the team scoring the goal: win, draw, lose) was also investigated. The results showed that, during the group stage, successful teams had better values (P <0.05) in all offensive and defensive performance indicators, with the exception of shots off goal for and shots off goal against, respectively, than unsuccessful teams. In the knockout stage, successful teams were able to maintain the same offensive performance that in the group stage while most defensive performance indicators, with the exception of shots off goal against (P=0.80), tended (P<0.2) to worsen. During the group stage, the team scoring the first goal had 66.7% of victories, 4.2% of defeats and 29.2% of draws (P<0.001). In the knockout stage, the first goal effect had a stronger influence in game’s outcome than in the group stage (P<0.01) since in 81.3% of the cases the team scoring first won the match, versus 6.3% of defeats and 12.5% of draws. Thus, offensive variables related to shots on goal and goal effectiveness appear to be better indicators of team’s success in the last World Cup than defensive variables. This information has directly implications for coaches, providing relevant feedback to plan finishing (goal scoring) practices

OLD BUT RESILIENT STORY: IMPACT OF DECENTRALIZATION ON SOCIAL WELFARE

This paper analyses the fiscal performance of Turkey and Argentina during the period 2000 - 2021, when both countries faced rapid economic growth with the consequent impact on social welfare. This work explored two different systems: Centralization in Turkey and Federalism in Argentina and, in general, studied the decentralization impact of both systems on social welfare. This study intended to create new social welfare indexes in other to analyze the resource allocation in different regions of these countries. As a first step, we built a regional Human Development Index (HDI) for each region. This attempt is considered a new contribution to the literature and intended to fill the gap in this field. Afterward, this index was compared with the fiscal resources allocation (FRA), used as a proxy of fiscal decentralization in an econometric panel data model. By using this method, we concluded that the social welfare indexes have a positive relationship with the fiscal resource allocation in the Federal system, such as in Argentina, but not in the centralized system such as in Turkey during the period analyzed from 2000 to 2020

Simbiosis entre los sistemas extensivos y el medio (I)

El impacto ambiental de la producción ganadera es una cuestión candente a escala global en la actualidad. Parte de las investigaciones recientes al respecto se han centrado en las consecuencias que las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) ligadas a las prácticas ganaderas pueden tener sobre el cambio climátic

Effectiveness of machine learning algorithms as a tool to meat traceability system. A case study to classify Spanish Mediterranean lamb carcasses

Establishing the traceability of meat products has been a major focus of food science in recent decades. In this context, recent advances in food nutritional biomarker identification and improvements in statistical technology have allowed for more accurate identification and classification of food products. Moreover, artificial intelligence has now provided a new opportunity for optimizing existing methods to identify animal products. This study presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different machine learning algorithms based on raw data from analyses of organoleptic, sensory and nutritional meat traits to differentiate categories of commercial lamb from an indigenous Spanish breed (Mallorquina breed) obtained from the following production systems: suckling lambs; light lambs from grazing; and light lambs from grazing supplemented with grain. Six machine learning algorithms were evaluated: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Naive Bayes, Multinomial Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). For each algorithm, we tested three datasets, namely organoleptic traits and sensorial traits (CIELAB colour, water holding capacity, Warner-Bratzler shear force, volatile compounds and trained tasters), and nutritional traits (proximate composition and fatty acid profile). We also tested a combination of all three datasets. All the data were combined into a dataset with 144 variables resulting from the meat characterization, which included 11,232 event records. The ANN algorithm stood out for its high score with each of the three datasets used. In fact, we obtained an overall accuracy of 0.88, 0.83, and 0.88 for the organoleptic-sensory, nutritional, and combined datasets, respectively. The effectiveness of using the SVM algorithm to assign categories of lambs according to its production system performed better with nutritional traits and the full characterization, with performances equal to those obtained with ANN. The KNN algorithm showed the worst performance, with overall accuracies of 0.54 or lower for each of the datasets used. The results of this study demonstrate that machine learning is a useful tool for classifying commercial lamb carcasses. In fact, the ANN and SVM algorithms could be proposed as tools for differentiating categories of lamb production based on the organoleptic, sensory and nutritional characteristics of Mediterranean light lambs' meat. However, in order to improve the traceability methods of lamb meat production systems as a guarantee for consumers and to improve the learning processes used by these algorithms, more studies along these lines with other lamb breeds are required.This research has been financed by the Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IRFAP) of the Government of the Balearic Islands (PRJ201502671-0781), the Spanish National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology and the European Social Fund (FPI2014-00013). Particular gratefulness to PhD Oliva Polvillo Polo (CITIUS, University of Seville’s Centre for Research) for contributing her knowledge in chromatography analysisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Machine learning strategy for light lamb carcass classification using meat biomarkers

In Mediterranean areas, lamb meat is considered to be of great commercial value. Moreover, consumers are becoming increasingly interested in understanding the origin of lamb meat and its associated production and breeding systems. Among many applications, algorithms based on artificial intelligence are used to identify the origin of food products, and in this context, algorithms such as the Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been proposed to differentiate the origin of the animals according to their feeding diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a variable reduction method based on a multiple regression model and three widely-used machine learning algorithms (SVM, KNN and ANN) for the classification of three commercial light lamb carcasses, from three feeding diets, in an indigenous Spanish breed (Mallorquina), using fatty acid and volatile compound biomarkers of meat. Machine learning algorithms were employed to discriminate lamb carcasses using 14 identified significant biomarkers, which were arranged based on an estimation of the relative importance (stepwise forward multiple regression F-score) of the input variables. We achieved high performances for the SVM, KNN and ANN algorithms, with 86%, 98% and 98% prediction accuracy, respectively. Among the 14 biomarkers used, 7 were identified as showing the highest discriminant capacity. The F-scores indicate that C17:1 and C20:5 n-3 fatty acids, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 3-methylbutanal volatile compounds are the four most relevant biomarkers for predicting three lamb feeding diets.This research has been financed by the Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IRFAP) of the Government of the Balearic Islands (PRJ201502671-0781), the Spanish National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology and the European Social Fund (FPI2014-00013). Our thanks to Isaac Corro Ramos for his selfless assistance in reviewing and editing this manuscript, and to Rosario Guti´errez-Pe˜na (RIP) for her dedication and effort in this project.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

La formación ambiental desde la integración posgrado-investigación en la Universidad de Pinar del Río

Introduction: the university as a social organization is the responsible for the training of professionals, facing the challenge of the implementation of a leadership attitude to establish the alternatives that involve the prevention, mitigation or solution of environmental problems, both locally and globally, and from a solid and rigorous scientific analysis. That is why, it becomes a priority, the need to achieve a systemic and contextualized integration between the processes of academic training it develops and the research works it conducts, this way the development of new pieces of knowledge is aimed at solving the complex environmental problems.Objective: to evaluate the impact of postgraduate integration-research in environmental education through the Master's degree program in Environmental Management.Development: the support of the scientific activity for professors, offer to all of them the necessary research coverage for the achievement of scientific results with the possibility, not only to participate in scientific-technical summits at a national and international level, but also to be accepted for their publication in journals indexed in databases with visibility in Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal, but in first place to achieve provincial awards to reverse the negative environmental impacts into the different communities along the country.Conclusions: in order to achieve the postgraduate-research integration, the present work recognizes the importance of taking the project works as an essential method, which results in the quality of scientific outcomes concerning the environmental training of professionals.Introducción: la Universidad como institución social encargada de la formación de profesionales, tiene ante sí el reto de ejercer una actitud de liderazgo en la construcción de alternativas que incidan en la prevención, mitigación y/o solución de los problemas ambientales, tanto a nivel local como global, desde un sólido y riguroso análisis científico. Para ello se convierte en una prioridad la necesidad de lograr cada vez más una integración sistémica y contextualizada entre los procesos de formación académica que desarrolla y la investigación que realiza, de manera que produzca un nuevo conocimiento orientado a resolver los complejos problemas ambientales.  Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de la integración posgrado-investigación en la formación ambiental a través del programa de la maestría en Gestión Ambiental.Desarrollo: el respaldo de la actividad científica de los maestrantes les ofreció a la totalidad de ellos la necesaria cobertura investigativa para el logro de resultados científicos con posibilidad no solo de presentarse en eventos científico-técnicos a nivel nacional e internacional, sino además de ser aceptados para su publicación en revistas indexadas en bases de datos con visibilidad en América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal, de alcanzar premios fundamentalmente provinciales y de revertir los impactos medioambientales negativos de diversas comunidades del país.Conclusiones: para lograr la integración posgrado-investigación, se reconoce a través del presente trabajo la importancia de asumir como método esencial el trabajo por proyectos, lo que incide en el logro de resultados científicos de calidad en la formación ambiental de los profesionales

La formación ambiental desde la integración posgrado-investigación en la Universidad de Pinar del Río

Introducción: la Universidad como institución social encargada de la formación de profesionales, tiene ante sí el reto de ejercer una actitud de liderazgo en la construcción de alternativas que incidan en la prevención, mitigación y/o solución de los problemas ambientales, tanto a nivel local como global, desde un sólido y riguroso análisis científico. Para ello se convierte en una prioridad la necesidad de lograr cada vez más una integración sistémica y contextualizada entre los procesos de formación académica que desarrolla y la investigación que realiza, de manera que produzca un nuevo conocimiento orientado a resolver los complejos problemas ambientales.   Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de la integración posgrado-investigación en la formación ambiental a través del programa de la maestría en Gestión Ambiental. Desarrollo: el respaldo de la actividad científica de los maestrantes les ofreció a la totalidad de ellos la necesaria cobertura investigativa para el logro de resultados científicos con posibilidad no solo de presentarse en eventos científico-técnicos a nivel nacional e internacional, sino además de ser aceptados para su publicación en revistas indexadas en bases de datos con visibilidad en América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal, de alcanzar premios fundamentalmente provinciales y de revertir los impactos medioambientales negativos de diversas comunidades del país. Conclusiones: para lograr la integración posgrado-investigación, se reconoce a través del presente trabajo la importancia de asumir como método esencial el trabajo por proyectos, lo que incide en el logro de resultados científicos de calidad en la formación ambiental de los profesionales