A química na região Norte

A historical overview of CHEMISTRY SCIENCE from the beginning of the ESCOLA DE QUÍMICA INDUSTRIAL DO PARÁ in the northern region of Brazil is given. Reports were conducted on graduate and under graduate coursework within research and teaching institutions in each State of the Amazon region. Data collection included teaching, research and industrial activities

Flavones from the Leaves of Ficus gomelleira

Two new flavones, 5 -hydroxy -7,5' -dimethoxy -3',4' -methylenedioxyflavone and 5 -hydroxy -7,3',5' -trimethoxy -4' -(3,3 -dimethylallyloxy) flavone, as well as three known flavones: 5,6,7,3',4',5' -hexamethoxyflavone, 5 -hydroxy -8,3',4' -trimethoxy -2'',2'' -dimethylpyrano (5",6":6,7) -flavone and 5 -hydroxy -8,3',4',5' -tetramethoxy -2'',2'' -dimethylpyrano (5",6":6,7) -flavone were isolated from the leaves of Ficus gomelleira. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data.Duas novas flavonas, 5 -hidroxi -7,5' -dimetoxi -3',4' -metilenodioxiflavona e 5 -hidroxi -7,3',5' -trimetoxi -4' -(3,3 -dimetilaliloxi) flavona foram isoladas das folhas de Ficus gomelleira, juntamente com três flavonas conhecidas, a 5,6,7,3',4',5' -hexametoxiflavona, 5 -hidroxi -8,3',4' -trimetoxi -2'',2'' -dimetilpirano (5",6":6,7) -flavona e 5 -hidroxi -8,3',4',5' -tetrametoxi -2'',2'' -dimetilpirano (5",6":6,7) -flavona. As estruturas das substâncias isoladas foram elucidadas com base na análise de seus dados espectrais, bem como por comparação com dados da literatura

Acaricide potencial of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) oil on engorged adult females of Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)

In vitro acaricide potential of the oil from andiroba seed (Carapa guianensis) was evaluated on engorged females of Anocentor nitens (n=210) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=140) manually collected, from horses and dogs naturally infested, respectively. Five dilutions, 100%, 50%, 30%, 25%, and 10% of andiroba seed oil in deionized water, using tween 80 as dispersant, were employed for the engorged females immersion test. For A. nitens test, three repetitions were made with each dilution, using 10 engorged females for each treatment, and two repetitions for R. sanguineus test. Two control groups were used for each tick species, one with deionized water and another one with tween 80 and deionized water. After the tests, the females were kept in the laboratory under room temperature. Engorged female mortality and oviposition reduction were observed with infertile eggs, showing 100% of efficacy in the two species in all tested dilutions. The obtained data demonstrated the potential use of andiroba seed extract against A. nitens and R. sanguineus.Avaliou-se o potencial acaricida in vitro do óleo da semente da andiroba (Carapa guianensis) sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas de Anocentor nitens (n=210) e Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=140), coletadas manualmente, respectivamente, de equinos e de cães naturalmente infestados. Para o teste de imersão, empregaram-se cinco diluições do óleo de andiroba, 100%, 50%, 30%, 25% e 10%, em água destilada, utilizando-se tween 80 como dispersante. No teste com A. nitens, foram usadas três repetições para cada diluição, utilizando-se 10 fêmeas ingurgitadas para cada tratamento. No teste com R. sanguineus, usaram-se duas repetições, e formaram-se, ainda, dois grupos-controle para cada espécie de ixodídeo, um com água destilada e outro com tween 80 mais água destilada. Após os testes, as fêmeas foram mantidas em laboratório sob temperatura ambiente. Observou-se mortalidade das fêmeas ingurgitadas e redução de postura, neste caso, com ovos inférteis, demonstrando eficácia de 100% nas duas espécies em todas as diluições testadas. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram a potencialidade do uso do extrato de andiroba contra A. nitens e R. sanguineus

Stilbenes from Deguelia rufescens var. urucu (Ducke) A. M. G. Azevedo leaves: effects on seed germination and plant growth

The Amazon biodiversity may provide plants whose chemical substances are capable of controlling weeds. In this study we report the isolation and identification of five stilbenes from the leaves of "timbó vermelho" (Deguelia rufescens var. urucu): 4-methoxylonchocarpene (1); 3,5-dimethoxy-4´-hydroxy-3´-prenyl-trans-stilbene (2), lonchocarpene (3), 3,5-dimethoxy-4´-O-prenyl-trans-stilbene (4) and pterostilbene (5). Compounds 2 and 4 are new natural products although 2 has been previously cited as synthesis product. Potential allelopathic activity for 1, 2 and 4 was evaluated over seed germination and plant growth of Mimosa pudica weed. The observed effects on seed germination did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) when the analysis of phytotoxicity was performed with the substances alone, the maximum inhibition did not exceed 20%. The most intense inhibitions on radicle and hypocotyl development were found for compound 4 (p 0,05) quando a análise da fitotoxidade foi realizada com as substâncias isoladamente, cuja inibição máxima não ultrapassou 20%. A inibição mais intensa, quanto ao desenvolvimento da radícula e do hipocótilo, foi encontrada para o composto 4 (p < 0,05). Isoladamente, 4 causou efeito inibitório significativamente maior (p < 0,05) no desenvolvimento da radícula e do hipocótilo, do que 1 e 2. Quando testados aos pares, apresentaram antagonismo para a germinação de sementes e sinergismo para o desenvolvimento da radícula e hipocótilo

EFEITO AGUDO DA CORRIDA COM OS PÉS DESCALÇO SOBRE AS COMPONENTES ANTEROPOSTERIOR E MEDIOLATERAL DA FORÇA DE REAÇÃO DO SOLO

This study investigated the short-term effects of barefoot running on selected parameters of the anteroposterior and mediolateral components of the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) in runners used to wearing athletic shoes. Seventy-one recreational runners, inexperienced in barefoot running, ran at a self-selected speed for a distance of 9 meters on a fixed floor equipped with force platforms, under two conditions: shod and barefoot. The braking and acceleration peaks of the anteroposterior component, as well as the minimum and maximum peaks of the mediolateral component were obtained. The braking peak was lower, while the acceleration peak was higher in barefoot running. In contrast, the magnitude of both the minimum and maximum peaks were greater in the barefoot condition. In summary, barefoot running acutely alters selected parameters of the anteroposterior and mediolateral components of the FRS related to the overload and performance of runners used to wearing sports shoes.Este estudio investigó el efecto agudo de correr descalzo en parámetros seleccionados de los componentes anteroposterior y mediolateral de la fuerza de reacción del suelo (FRS) en corredores acostumbrados a usar calzado deportivo. Setenta y un corredores recreativos, sin experiencia en correr descalzo, corrieron a una velocidad autoseleccionada por una distancia de 30 pies en un piso fijo equipado con plataformas de fuerza, bajo dos condiciones: zapatos y descalzo. Se obtuvieron los picos de frenado y aceleración de la componente anteroposterior, así como los picos mínimos y máximos de la componente mediolateral. El pico de frenado fue menor, mientras que el pico de aceleración fue mayor al correr descalzo. Por el contrario, la magnitud de los picos tanto mínimo como máximo fue mayor en la condición de descalzo. En resumen, correr descalzo altera de forma aguda parámetros seleccionados de los componentes anteroposterior y mediolateral del FRS relacionados con la sobrecarga y el rendimiento de los corredores acostumbrados a llevar calzado deportivo.Este estudo investigou o efeito agudo da corrida descalço sobre parâmetros selecionados das componentes anteroposterior e mediolateral da Força de Reação do Solo (FRS) em corredores habituados ao uso do calçado esportivo. Setenta e um corredores recreacionais, inexperientes em corrida descalço, correram em velocidade auto-selecionada por uma distância de 9 metros em piso fixo equipado com plataformas de força, sob duas condições: calçados e descalços. Os picos de frenagem e aceleração da componente anteroposterior, bem como os picos mínimo e máximo da componente mediolateral foram obtidos. O pico de frenagem foi menor, enquanto o pico de aceleração foi maior na corrida descalço. Em contrapartida, a magnitude de ambos os picos mínimo e máximo foram maiores na condição descalço. Em síntese, a corrida descalço altera agudamente parâmetros selecionados das componentes anteroposterior e mediolateral da FRS relacionados à sobrecarga e ao desempenho de corredores habituados ao uso do calçado esportivo

Prognostic and Predictive Significance of MYC and KRAS Alterations in Breast Cancer from Women Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Breast cancer is a complex disease, with heterogeneous clinical evolution. Several analyses have been performed to identify the risk factors for breast cancer progression and the patients who respond best to a specific treatment. We aimed to evaluate whether the hormone receptor expression, HER2 and MYC genes and their protein status, and KRAS codon 12 mutations may be prognostic or predictive biomarkers of breast cancer. Protein, gene and mutation status were concomitantly evaluated in 116 breast tumors from women who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide. We observed that MYC expression was associated with luminal B and HER2 overexpression phenotypes compared to luminal A (p= 2.5 was a protective factor for chemotherapy resistance. On the other hand, age and grade 2 tumors were a risk factor. Additionally, luminal B, HER2 overexpression, and triple-negative tumors presented increased odds of being resistant to chemotherapy relative to luminal A tumors. Thus, breast tumors with KRAS codon 12 mutations seem to present a worse prognosis. Additionally, MYC amplification may help in the identification of tumors that are sensitive to doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide treatment. If confirmed in a large set of samples, these markers may be useful for clinical stratification and prognosis.Fundacao Amazonia Paraense de Amparo a PesquisaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Ophir Loyola Hosp, Mastol Unit, Belem, PA, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Orthopaed & Traumatol, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Para, Inst Biol Sci, Human Cytogenet Lab, BR-66059 Belem, PA, BrazilHosp Univ La Paz, Res Unit Unidad Invest, Madrid, SpainFed Univ Para, Nucleu Res Oncol, Joao de Barros Barreto Univ Hosp, BR-66059 Belem, PA, BrazilUniv Fed Piaui, Dept Biomed, Parnaiba, PI, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Genet, Dept Morphol & Genet, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Orthopaed & Traumatol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Genet, Dept Morphol & Genet, São Paulo, BrazilFundacao Amazonia Paraense de Amparo a Pesquisa: FAPESPA/PPSUS 247/2009Fundacao Amazonia Paraense de Amparo a Pesquisa: 300240/2009Web of Scienc

COMPARAÇÃO BIOMECÂNICA DA CORRIDA ENTRE INDIVÍDUOS COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE FORÇA DE MEMBROS INFERIORES

Running is a practice widely used by those who aim to maintain or improve their physical fitness. Strength training has been recommended to increase performance and reduce injury risk in runners, however, the relationship between muscle strength and running mechanics still requires a better understanding. The aim of the present study was to compare the running biomechanics among bodybuilders, with different levels of absolute strength in the back squat. Initially, 24 volunteers participated in the study. Based on the 10RM absolute strength in the back squat, the volunteers were divided into tertiles: upper strength group (GFS), lower strength group (GFI) and medium strength group. For comparison of running mechanics, GFS and GFI were gained. Dynamic and kinematic parameters were collected during treadmill running. There were no differences between groups for any of the investigated variables. Keywords: Running mechanics; Muscle strength; Locomotion.Correr es una práctica muy utilizada por quienes tienen como objetivo mantener o mejorar su forma física. El entrenamiento de fuerza se ha recomendado como una forma de aumentar el rendimiento y reducir el riesgo de lesiones en los corredores, sin embargo, la relación entre la fuerza muscular y la mecánica de carrera aún requiere una mejor comprensión. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la biomecánica de la carrera entre culturistas, con diferentes niveles de fuerza absoluta en la sentadilla. Inicialmente, participaron en el estudio 24 voluntarios. Con base en la fuerza absoluta de 10RM en la sentadilla, los voluntarios se dividieron en terciles: grupo de fuerza superior (GFS), grupo de fuerza inferior (GFI) y grupo de fuerza media. Para comparar la mecánica de la carrera, se obtuvieron GFS y GFI. Los parámetros dinámicos y cinemáticos se recopilaron durante la carrera en cinta. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos para ninguna de las variables investigadas. Palabras clave: mecánica de carrera; Fuerza muscular; Locomoción.A corrida é uma prática largamente utilizada por aqueles que almejam manter ou aprimorar a aptidão física. O treinamento de força tem sido recomendado como forma de aumentar o desempenho e reduzir o risco de lesão em praticantes de corrida, no entanto, a relação entre força muscular e mecânica da corrida ainda necessita de melhor compreensão. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a biomecânica da corrida entre indivíduos praticantes de musculação, com diferentes níveis de força absoluta no agachamento. Inicialmente participaram do estudo 24 voluntários. Baseado na força absoluta em 10RM no agachamento, os voluntários foram divididos em tercis: grupo de força superior (GFS), grupo de força inferior (GFI) e grupo de força mediana. Para comparação da mecânica da corrida foram analisados o GFS e GFI. Foram coletados parâmetros dinâmicos e cinemáticos durante corrida em esteira. Não se observou diferenças entre os grupos para nenhuma das variáveis investigadas. Palavras-chave: Mecânica da corrida; Força muscular; Locomoção

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio