371 research outputs found
Determining the neutrino mass ordering and oscillation parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA
The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4s if the true ordering is normal and 2.3s if inverted, after 3 years of data taking. The precision to measure ¿m2 32 and ¿23 were also estimated and found to be 85.10-6 eV2 and ( +1.9 -3.1)¿ for normal neutrino mass ordering and, 75.10-6 eV2 and ( +2.0 -7.0)¿ for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude ¿t event rate variations larger than 20% at 3s level.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Magnetic field effects on neutrino production in microquasars
We investigate the effects of magnetic fields on neutrino production in
microquasars. We calculate the steady particle distributions for the pions and
muons generated in p-gamma and p-p interactions in the jet taking the effects
of all energy losses into account. The obtained neutrino emission is
significantly modified due to the synchrotron losses suffered by secondary
pions and muons. The estimates made for neutrino fluxes arriving on the Earth
imply that detection of high-energy neutrinos from the vicinity of the compact
object can be difficult. However, in the case of windy microquasars, the
interaction of energetic protons in the jet with matter of dense clumps of the
wind could produce detectable neutrinos. This is because the pions and muons at
larger distances from the compact object will not be affected by synchrotron
losses.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Distances in random graphs with finite variance degrees
In this paper we study a random graph with nodes, where node has
degree and are i.i.d. with \prob(D_j\leq x)=F(x). We
assume that for some and some constant
. This graph model is a variant of the so-called configuration model, and
includes heavy tail degrees with finite variance.
The minimal number of edges between two arbitrary connected nodes, also known
as the graph distance or the hopcount, is investigated when . We
prove that the graph distance grows like , when the base of the
logarithm equals \nu=\expec[D_j(D_j -1)]/\expec[D_j]>1. This confirms the
heuristic argument of Newman, Strogatz and Watts \cite{NSW00}. In addition, the
random fluctuations around this asymptotic mean are
characterized and shown to be uniformly bounded. In particular, we show
convergence in distribution of the centered graph distance along exponentially
growing subsequences.Comment: 40 pages, 2 figure
Search in Power-Law Networks
Many communication and social networks have power-law link distributions,
containing a few nodes which have a very high degree and many with low degree.
The high connectivity nodes play the important role of hubs in communication
and networking, a fact which can be exploited when designing efficient search
algorithms. We introduce a number of local search strategies which utilize high
degree nodes in power-law graphs and which have costs which scale sub-linearly
with the size of the graph. We also demonstrate the utility of these strategies
on the Gnutella peer-to-peer network.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figure
Evolution of scale-free random graphs: Potts model formulation
We study the bond percolation problem in random graphs of weighted
vertices, where each vertex has a prescribed weight and an edge can
connect vertices and with rate . The problem is solved by the
limit of the -state Potts model with inhomogeneous interactions for
all pairs of spins. We apply this approach to the static model having
so that the resulting graph is scale-free with
the degree exponent . The number of loops as well as the giant
cluster size and the mean cluster size are obtained in the thermodynamic limit
as a function of the edge density, and their associated critical exponents are
also obtained. Finite-size scaling behaviors are derived using the largest
cluster size in the critical regime, which is calculated from the cluster size
distribution, and checked against numerical simulation results. We find that
the process of forming the giant cluster is qualitatively different between the
cases of and . While for the former, the giant
cluster forms abruptly at the percolation transition, for the latter, however,
the formation of the giant cluster is gradual and the mean cluster size for
finite shows double peaks.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures, elsart.cls, final version appeared in NP
Comparison of the measured atmospheric muon rate with Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity study for detection of prompt atmospheric muons with KM3NeT
The KM3NeT Collaboration has successfully deployed the first detection units of the next generation undersea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea at the two sites in Italy and in France. The data sample collected between December 2016 and January 2020 has been used to measure the atmospheric muon rate at two different depths under the sea level: 3.5 km with KM3NeTARCA and 2.5 km with KM3NeT-ORCA. Atmospheric muons represent an abundant signal in a neutrino telescope and can be used to test the reliability of the Monte Carlo simulation chain and to study the physics of extensive air showers caused by highly-energetic primary nuclei impinging the Earth’s atmosphere. At energies above PeV the contribution from prompt muons, created right after the first interaction in the shower, is expected to become dominant, however its existence has not yet been experimentally confirmed. In this talk, data collected with the first detection units of KM3NeT are compared to Monte Carlo simulations based on MUPAGE and CORSIKA codes. The main features of the simulation and reconstruction chains are presented. Additionally, the first results of the simulated signal from the prompt muon component for KM3NeT-ARCA and KM3NeT-ORCA obtained with CORSIKA are discussed.Article signat per 297 autors/es: M.Ageron, S. Aiello, A. Albert, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, W. Assal, J. Aublin, C. Bagatelas, B. Baret, S. Basegmez du Pree, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg, V. Bertin, S. Beurthey, V. van Beveren, S. Biagi, M. Billault, M. Bissinger, M. Boettcher, M. Bou Cabo, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, C. Boutonnet, G. Bouvet, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, H.Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, R. Bruno, E. Buis, R. Buompane, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, L. Caillat, D. Calvo, S. Campion, A. Capone, H. Carduner, V. Carretero, P. Castaldi, S. Celli;, R. Cereseto, M. Chabab, C. Champion, N. Chau, A. Chen, S. Cherubini, V. Chiarella, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer Molla, S. Colonges, R. Coniglione, A. Cosquer, P. Coyle, M. Cresta, A. Creuso, A. Cruz, G. Cuttone, A. D’Amico, R. Dallier, B. De Martino, M. De Palma, I. Di Palma, A. F. Díaz, D. Diego- Tortosa, C. Distefano, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, M. Dörr, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, A. Eddyamoui, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, I. El Bojaddaini, H. Eljarrari, D. Elsaesser, A. Enzenhöfer, V. Espinosa, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, M. D. Filipovic, F. Filippini, J. Fransen, L. A. Fusco, D. Gajanana, T. Gal, J. García Méndez, A. Garcia Soto, E. Garçon, F. Garufi, C. Gatius, N. Geißelbrecht, L. Gialanella, E. Giorgio, S. R. Gozzini, R. Gracia, K. Graf, G. Grella, D. Guderian, C. Guidi, B. Guillon, M. Gutiérrez, J. Haefner, S. Hallmann, H. Hamdaoui, H. van Haren, A. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, L. Hennig, S. Henry, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang,W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, A. Ilioni, G. Illuminati, C.W. James, D. Janezashvili, P. Jansweijer, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, B. J. Jung, M. Kadler, P. Kalaczynski, O. Kalekin,U. F. Katz, F. Kayzel, P.Keller, N. R. Khan Chowdhury, G. Kistauri, F. van der Knaap, P. Kooijman, A. Kouchner, M. Kreter, V. Kulikovskiy, M. Labalme, P. Lagier, R. Lahmann, P. Lamare, M. Lamoureux, G. Larosa, C. Lastoria, J. Laurence, A. Lazo, R. Le Breton, E. Le Guirriec, S. Le Stum, G. Lehaut, O. Leonardi, F. Leone, E. Leonora, C. Lerouvillois, J. Lesrel, N. Lessing, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, M. Lindsey Clark, T. Lipreau, C. LLorens Alvarez, A. Lonardo, F. Longhitano, D. Lopez-Coto, N. Lumb, L. Maderer, J. Majumdar, J. Manczak, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Marini, C. Markou, L. Martin, J. A. Martínez-Mora, A. Martini, F. Marzaioli, S. Mastroianni, K.W. Melis, G. Miele, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, P. Mijakowski, L. S. Miranda, C. M. Mollo, M. Mongelli, A. Moussa, R. Muller, P. Musico, M. Musumeci, L. Nauta, S. Navas, C. A. Nicolau, B. Nkosi, B. Ó Fearraigh, M. O’Sullivan, A. Orlando, G. Ottonello, S. Ottonello, J. Palacios González5, G. Papalashvili, R. Papaleo, C. Pastore, A. M. Paun, G. E. Pavalas, G. Pellegrini, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, O. Pisanti, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, F. Pratolongo, I. Probst, G. Pühlhofer, S. Pulvirenti, G. Quéméner, N. Randazzo, A. Rapicavoli, S. Razzaque, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, L. Rigalleau, A. Romanov, A. Rovelli, J. Royon, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, A. Sánchez Losa, M. Sanguineti, A. Santangelo, D. Santonocito, P. Sapienza, J. Schmelling, J. Schnabel, M. F. Schneider, J. Schumann, H. M. Schutte, J. Seneca, I. Sgura, R. Shanidze, A. Sharma, A. Sinopoulou, B. Spisso, M. Spurio, D. Stavropoulos, J. Steijger, S. M. Stellacci, M. Taiuti, F. Tatone, Y. Tayalati, E. Tenllado, D. Tézier, T. Thakore, S. Theraube, H. Thiersen, P. Timmer, S. Tingay, S. Tsagkli, V. Tsourapis, E. Tzamariudaki, D. Tzanetatos, C. Valieri, V. Van Elewyck, G. Vasileiadis, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, G. de Wasseige, J.Wilms, R.Wojaczynski, E. deWolf, T. Yousfi, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, D. Zito, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, N. Zywucka.Postprint (published version
Expectations for the high-energy neutrino detection from starburst galaxies with KM3NeT/ARCA
Star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and starburst galaxies (SBGs) are extragalactic sources which could produce high-energy neutrinos. In principle, they could play a rather important role for explaining at least a sizeable part of IceCube’s observations of astophysical neutrino. Using a recent theoretical model which implemented a blending of spectral indeces, we present the KM3NeT/ARCA sensitivities for such a diffuse flux from the startburst galaxies. In particular, we provide the 5-year differential sensitivity for the two building blocks of ARCA. We make use only of the track-like events in the range of 100 GeV - 10 PeV differentiate in 11 bins of energy. We show how the upcoming neutrino telescope could observe the diffuse SFG and SBG within 5 years of data taking. We found the minimum of the sensitivity at around 100 TeV, which is also the energy where the SBG contribution is expected to peak. This would not only constrain the multi-component fit of the observed astrophysical neutrino flux at that energy (100 TeV), but would also provide us a direct link between the star-forming activity in the reservoir environments and the hadronic emissions.Postprint (published version
The phase transition in inhomogeneous random graphs
We introduce a very general model of an inhomogenous random graph with
independence between the edges, which scales so that the number of edges is
linear in the number of vertices. This scaling corresponds to the p=c/n scaling
for G(n,p) used to study the phase transition; also, it seems to be a property
of many large real-world graphs. Our model includes as special cases many
models previously studied.
We show that under one very weak assumption (that the expected number of
edges is `what it should be'), many properties of the model can be determined,
in particular the critical point of the phase transition, and the size of the
giant component above the transition. We do this by relating our random graphs
to branching processes, which are much easier to analyze.
We also consider other properties of the model, showing, for example, that
when there is a giant component, it is `stable': for a typical random graph, no
matter how we add or delete o(n) edges, the size of the giant component does
not change by more than o(n).Comment: 135 pages; revised and expanded slightly. To appear in Random
Structures and Algorithm
The Calibration Units of KM3NeT
KM3NeT is a deep-sea infrastructure composed of two neutrino telescopes being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea : ARCA, near Sicily in Italy, designed for neutrino astronomy and ORCA, near Toulon in France, designed for neutrino oscillations. These two telescopes are 3D arrays of optical modules used to detect the Cherenkov radiation, which is a signature of charged particles going faster than light in the sea water. To achieve the best performance for the events reconstruction in the telescopes, the exact location of the optical modules, affected by sea current, must be known at any time and the timing resolution between optical modules must reach the nanosecond. Moreover, the properties of the environment in which the telescopes are deployed, such as temperature and salinity, must be continuously monitored because they affect the timing and positioning calibration. KM3NeT is going to deploy several dedicated Calibration Units to meet these calibration goals. The Calibration Base will host several instruments : a Laser Beacon for time calibration and an acoustic emitter and a hydrophone for positioning of the optical modules. To complete the positioning calibration, some of these Calibration Units will be equipped with an Instrumentation Unit hosting environmental monitoring instruments. Because of the difference in size between ARCA and ORCA, the design of the Calibration Unit is not the same for the two sites. This proceeding describes all the devices, features and purposes of the Calibration Units with a focus on ORCA Calibration Unit and its status.Article signat per 297 autors/es: M.Ageron, S. Aiello, A. Albert, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, W. Assal, J. Aublin, C. Bagatelas, B. Baret, S. Basegmez du Pree, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg, V. Bertin, S. Beurthey, V. van Beveren, S. Biagi, M. Billault, M. Bissinger, M. Boettcher, M. Bou Cabo, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, C. Boutonnet, G. Bouvet, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, H.Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, R. Bruno, E. Buis, R. Buompane, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, L. Caillat, D. Calvo, S. Campion, A. Capone, H. Carduner, V. Carretero, P. Castaldi, S. Celli;, R. Cereseto, M. Chabab, C. Champion, N. Chau, A. Chen, S. Cherubini, V. Chiarella, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer Molla, S. Colonges, R. Coniglione, A. Cosquer, P. Coyle, M. Cresta, A. Creuso, A. Cruz, G. Cuttone, A. D’Amico, R. Dallier, B. De Martino, M. De Palma, I. Di Palma, A. F. Díaz, D. Diego- Tortosa, C. Distefano, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, M. Dörr, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, A. Eddyamoui, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, I. El Bojaddaini, H. Eljarrari, D. Elsaesser, A. Enzenhöfer, V. Espinosa, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, M. D. Filipovic, F. Filippini, J. Fransen, L. A. Fusco, D. Gajanana, T. Gal, J. García Méndez, A. Garcia Soto, E. Garçon, F. Garufi, C. Gatius, N. Geißelbrecht, L. Gialanella, E. Giorgio, S. R. Gozzini, R. Gracia, K. Graf, G. Grella, D. Guderian, C. Guidi, B. Guillon, M. Gutiérrez, J. Haefner, S. Hallmann, H. Hamdaoui, H. van Haren, A. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, L. Hennig, S. Henry, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang,W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, A. Ilioni, G. Illuminati, C.W. James, D. Janezashvili, P. Jansweijer, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, B. J. Jung, M. Kadler, P. Kalaczynski, O. Kalekin,U. F. Katz, F. Kayzel, P.Keller, N. R. Khan Chowdhury, G. Kistauri, F. van der Knaap, P. Kooijman, A. Kouchner, M. Kreter, V. Kulikovskiy, M. Labalme, P. Lagier, R. Lahmann, P. Lamare, M. Lamoureux, G. Larosa, C. Lastoria, J. Laurence, A. Lazo, R. Le Breton, E. Le Guirriec, S. Le Stum, G. Lehaut, O. Leonardi, F. Leone, E. Leonora, C. Lerouvillois, J. Lesrel, N. Lessing, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, M. Lindsey Clark, T. Lipreau, C. LLorens Alvarez, A. Lonardo, F. Longhitano, D. Lopez-Coto, N. Lumb, L. Maderer, J. Majumdar, J. Manczak, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Marini, C. Markou, L. Martin, J. A. Martínez-Mora, A. Martini, F. Marzaioli, S. Mastroianni, K.W. Melis, G. Miele, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, P. Mijakowski, L. S. Miranda, C. M. Mollo, M. Mongelli, A. Moussa, R. Muller, P. Musico, M. Musumeci, L. Nauta, S. Navas, C. A. Nicolau, B. Nkosi, B. Ó Fearraigh, M. O’Sullivan, A. Orlando, G. Ottonello, S. Ottonello, J. Palacios González5, G. Papalashvili, R. Papaleo, C. Pastore, A. M. Paun, G. E. Pavalas, G. Pellegrini, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, O. Pisanti, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, F. Pratolongo, I. Probst, G. Pühlhofer, S. Pulvirenti, G. Quéméner, N. Randazzo, A. Rapicavoli, S. Razzaque, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, L. Rigalleau, A. Romanov, A. Rovelli, J. Royon, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, A. Sánchez Losa, M. Sanguineti, A. Santangelo, D. Santonocito, P. Sapienza, J. Schmelling, J. Schnabel, M. F. Schneider, J. Schumann, H. M. Schutte, J. Seneca, I. Sgura, R. Shanidze, A. Sharma, A. Sinopoulou, B. Spisso, M. Spurio, D. Stavropoulos, J. Steijger, S. M. Stellacci, M. Taiuti, F. Tatone, Y. Tayalati, E. Tenllado, D. Tézier, T. Thakore, S. Theraube, H. Thiersen, P. Timmer, S. Tingay, S. Tsagkli, V. Tsourapis, E. Tzamariudaki, D. Tzanetatos, C. Valieri, V. Van Elewyck, G. Vasileiadis, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, G. de Wasseige, J.Wilms, R.Wojaczynski, E. deWolf, T. Yousfi, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, D. Zito, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, N. Zywucka.Postprint (published version
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