proyecto Canaima como herramienta educativa para lograr un aprendizaje efectivo y significativo

This work presents of investigation had as purpose develop didactic activities based on the use of the Canaima as educational tool for the optimization of the significant learning in the students of the second degree section "B", of Basic School Bolivariana "Gladys Celina Lobo of Carnevalli", located in the Liberating municipality, of the condition Merida. The study there rests on an investigation action participant designed in five phases: I diagnose, Planning, Execution, Evaluation and Systematizing. The key informants were constituted by twenty-five (25) students and (1) teacher. For the compilation of the information they used as technology the observation; since instruments there was in use a comprising list of check of seven (7) indicators to observing and with a scale of response of two alternatives It Is Observed and Is not Observed, besides the record of the diary of the investigator. As for the validity and reliability of the instruments there was applied the method of the triangulation in which there was demonstrated that a correspondence exists between the information thrown by the key informants. The diagnosis threw, that the docents do not motivate to the students to use the portable Canaima, it applies few strategies for the education, which affects unfavorably in that the TIC'S do not join, with the intention of strengthening the significant learnings in the students. For this reason, they were planned, executed and evaluated didactic strategies using the Canaima for the strengthening of the education and the significant improvement of the learning of the involved students.Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como finalidad desarrollar actividades didácticas basadas en el uso de la Canaima como herramienta educativa  para la optimización del aprendizaje  significativo en los estudiantes de segundo grado sección “B”, de Escuela Básica Bolivariana “Gladys Celina Lobo de Carnevalli”, ubicada en el municipio Libertador, del estado Mérida. El estudio se apoya en una investigación acción participante diseñada en cinco fases: Diagnostico, Planificación, Ejecución, Evaluación y Sistematización. Los informantes claves fueron constituidos por veinticinco (25) estudiantes y (1) docente. Para la recolección de la información se utilizaron como técnica la observación; como instrumentos se utilizó una lista de cotejo contentiva de siete (7) indicadores  a observar y con una escala de respuesta de dos alternativas Se Observa y No Se Observa, además del registro del diario de la investigadora. En cuanto a la validez y fiabilidad de los instrumentos se aplicó el método de la triangulación en el cual se evidenció que existe una correspondencia entre los datos arrojados por los informantes claves. El diagnóstico arrojó, que las docentes no motivan a los estudiantes para utilizar la portátil Canaima, aplica pocas estrategias para la enseñanza, lo que incide desfavorablemente en que no se incorporen las TIC´S, con el propósito de fortalecer los aprendizajes significativos en los estudiantes. Por esta razón, se planificaron, ejecutaron y evaluaron estrategias didácticas utilizando la Canaima para el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza y la mejora significativa del aprendizaje de los estudiantes involucrados

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Sap flow, trunk diameter and plant-water relations parameters as stress indicators of apricot trees

The aim of this paper was to study continuous and discrete parameters of plant-water relations in mature apricot trees, in order to analyse the physiological basis of these plant-based sensors as well to determine the most sensitive indicator of plant water deficits. The experiment was performed during 1998-2001 in twelve-year-old apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca L., cv. Búlida), growing under field conditions in Murcia, Spain (semi-arid climate, with 1500 mm average annual evaporation and 350 mm rainfall) in a clay loam texture soil (128 mm m-1 available soil water content and 1.45 Mg m-3 bulk density). Trees were submitted to two drip irrigated treatments: a control treatment irrigated at 100 % of seasonal ETc and a water deficit treatment (WD) irrigated at 50 % of the control treatment. The diurnal courses of leaf water potentials, leaf conductance, net photosynthesis, leaf temperature, sap flow and trunk diameter fluctuations were studied throughout one growing season. The deficit treatment showed stomatal regulation as an adaptive mechanisms to drought, which allows plants to regulate water loss more effectively. Leaf temperature values were higher in WD than in the control treatment, and acted as a good stress indicator. Net photosynthesis showed a good correlation with leaf conductance values. In deficit irrigation conditions, osmotic adjustment was not observed. Both leaf water potential and gas exchange parameters were well correlated with evaporative demand of the atmosphere. Trunk diameters oscillate over a 24-h cycle, reaching a maximum value just before sunrise and a minimum sometime in the afternoon. The difference between maximum and minimum values is termed maximum daily shrinkage (MDS). This parameter increased in WD plants during the first period of the growing season, however, when the water stress was accumulated (in the last period of the growing season), MDS shown an important decrease in the water stressed plants respect to the irrigated ones. The sap flow values were lower in the deficit than in the control treatment throughout the growing season, although the greatest differences were observed in spring. Trunk diameter and sap flow showed moderately good correlations with the mean daily ETo in adult apricot trees grown under non-limiting soil water conditions.Peer reviewe

Association of PPARG2 Pro12Ala Variant with Larger Body Mass Index in Mestizo and Amerindian Populations of Mexico

Previous studies have sought to associate the Pro12Ala variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARG2) gene with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity, with controversial results. We have determined the Pro12Ala variant frequency in 370 nondiabetic Mexican Mestizo subjects and in five Mexican Amerindian groups and have investigated its possible association with lipid metabolism, insulin serum levels, and obesity in three of these populations. Two independent case-control studies were conducted in 239 nondiabetic individuals: 135 case subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 104 control subjects (BMI \u3c 25 kg/m2). The PPARG2 Ala12 allele frequency was higher in most Amerindian populations (0.17 in Yaquis, 0.16 in Mazahuas, 0.16 in Mayans, and 0.20 in Triquis) than in Asians, African Americans, and Caucasians. The Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala (X12Ala) genotypes were significantly associated with greater BMI in Mexican Mestizos and in two Amerindian groups. X12Ala individuals had a higher risk of overweight or obesity than noncarriers in Mestizos (OR = 3.67; 95% CI, 1.42–9.48; p = 0.007) and i

Association of PPARG2 Pro12Ala variant with larger body mass index in Mestizo and Amerindian populations of Mexico.

Previous studies have sought to associate the Pro12Ala variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARG2) gene with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity, with controversial results. We have determined the Pro12Ala variant frequency in 370 nondiabetic Mexican Mestizo subjects and in five Mexican Amerindian groups and have investigated its possible association with lipid metabolism, insulin serum levels, and obesity in three of these populations. Two independent case-control studies were conducted in 239 nondiabetic individuals: 135 case subjects (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) and 104 control subjects (BMI < 25 kg/m2). The PPARG2 Ala12 allele frequency was higher in most Amerindian populations (0.17 in Yaquis, 0.16 in Mazahuas, 0.16 in Mayans, and 0.20 in Triquis) than in Asians, African Americans, and Caucasians. The Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala (X12Ala) genotypes were significantly associated with greater BMI in Mexican Mestizos and in two Amerindian groups. X12Ala individuals had a higher risk of overweight or obesity than noncarriers in Mestizos (OR = 3.67; 95% CI, 1.42-9.48; p = 0.007) and in Yaquis plus Mazahuas (OR = 3.21; 95% CI, 1.27-8.11; p = 0.013). Our results provide further support of the association between the PPARG2 Ala12 allele and risk of overweight or obesity in Mestizos and two Amerindian populations from Mexico

The effect of short-term flooding on the sap flow, gas exchange and hydraulic conductivity of young apricot trees

The effect of short-term flooding was examined in 2-year-old apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca cv. Búlida). Six apricot trees of similar appearance were submitted to two treatments: three were irrigated daily, while the others were flooded for a period of 50 h by submerging the pots in plastic water tanks. The trees were removed from the water, drained and then placed in the same conditions as the control plants. A decrease in transpiration in the flooded trees with respect to the control plants was evident. The daily pattern of soil O2 concentration and plant hydraulic resistance followed a similar trend during the flooding. However, this relationship was not maintained throughout the experiment, since the O2 values increased rapidly when the waterlogging ceased, while plant hydraulic resistance only recovered at the end of the experiment when the original root system, damaged by flooded conditions, was replaced with new roots. In flooded trees, the midday leaf water potential decreased progressively from the beginning of flooding, but gradually recovered when the waterlogging ceased. Leaf conductance values of treated plants were slow to recover, reaching values of the control plants 8 days after the leaf water potential had recovered. The close relationship observed during most of the experiment between the leaf water parameters, leaf conductance and plant hydraulic conductance indicate that hydraulic messages are likely to play a dominant role in co-ordinating the observed responses of the shoot.The study was supported by two projects: Riego inteligente para un manejo sostenible en frutales (CYCIT-AGL2000-0387-CO5-O4) and Desarrollo de un equipo autónomo para la medición de caudal de savia en plantas leñosas (PETRI-95-0693-01).Peer reviewe