A priori and a posteriori analysis of non-conforming finite elements with face penalty for advection-diffusion equations

We analyse a non-conforming finite-element method to approximate advection-diffusion-reaction equations. The method is stabilized by penalizing the jumps of the solution and those of its advective derivative across mesh interfaces. The a priori error analysis leads to (quasi-)optimal estimates in the mesh size (sub-optimal by order ½ in the L2-norm and optimal in the broken graph norm for quasi-uniform meshes) keeping the Péclet number fixed. Then, we investigate a residual a posteriori error estimator for the method. The estimator is semi-robust in the sense that it yields lower and upper bounds of the error which differ by a factor equal at most to the square root of the Péclet number. Finally, to illustrate the theory we present numerical results including adaptively generated meshe

Emotion and Judgment in Young Women of a Society in Transition

The present study asked whether emotional responses to narratives of moral transgressions are shaped by the reader’s assumed relationship with the injured party (i.e., oneself, familiar other, and unfamiliar other). Its goal was to test a cultural, religious, and individualistic account of such responses in young females of a traditional society in transition towards a sustainable integration into the global economy. To this end, female college students from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were asked to identify their emotional reaction to each of several moral transgressions, report its intensity and then judge the severity of the transgression. In agreement with the religious norm hypothesis, whereby others are to be treated as oneself, reported emotions, affective intensity, and moral judgment did not change with students’ relationship with the injured party. The only exception was students’ lenient judgment when feeling angry for being the victim of a transgression, which underlies the tenet of forgiveness in religious doctrine

Bilingualism and Self-Perception: Self-Efficacy through the Veil of Two Languages

This chapter is concerned with the relationship between language, as the vehicle of a person’s culture, and self-assessment of one’s capabilities (i.e., self-efficacy) via conventional self-report measures. It relies on the assumption that a language “is ‘a veil’ over the reality of the culture in which it is used, involving an agreement of its users about what there is to be seen and how it should be seen”. Thus, the information weighted and integrated into judgments of one’s self-efficacy is filtered through, and thus it is shaped by cultural schemas which are elicited by the language used to formulate such judgments. Evidence that supports this viewpoint is reviewed

Geophysical Characterization of Disturbances in the Phosphate Series of the OuladAbdoun, Morocco: Relationship with Atlasictectonics

The sedimentary phosphates series from the Upper Maastricht to the Lutetion of the OuladAbdoun sedimentary basin is almost identical at the basin-scale. It is made up by alternation of either phosphate or non-phosphate sub-horizontal levels. The series was characterized by rhythmic sedimentation under the form of successive elementary sequences. On the other hand, the series of SidiChennaneis distinguished by the presence of local disturbances defined by the miners under the term "dérangements". These "dérangements", which are less frequent at other mining sites (MEA Lahrech, El Hlassa, Point A), are a notable problem during extraction and remain a real obstacle at phosphate mining sites. The morphology of these "dérangements" is almost subcircular to subconical sinkholes and chaotic bodies of anarchical materials. They are fontis type paleokarsts, it is an amalgam of highly altered yellowish brecciated rusty material whose lithological nature reflects that of the surrounding series. They also reflect endokarst siliceous and ferruginous neoformedfacies in the empty spaces of the palaeokarst. The origin of the palaeokarstshasbeen linked to the presence of NE-SW trend faults that have favoured the alteration and dissolution of the gypsum and chalk facies of the Senonian. The regular spatial distribution of these fontisis well related to the regionalAtlasictectonics. This study aims to investigate these problems in its geological aspect, in order to characterize and understand their origin. The purpose of this work isto compare the results obtained by electric tomography, gravimetry and lineament mapping and match them with geological data to draw a meaningful conclusion on the existence of these disturbances and their spatial distribution in relation to tectonic

Effective Fokker-Planck Equation for Birhythmic Modified van der Pol Oscillator

We present an explicit solution based on the phase-amplitude approximation of the Fokker-Planck equation associated with the Langevin equation of the birhythmic modified van der Pol system. The solution enables us to derive probability distributions analytically as well as the activation energies associated to switching between the coexisting different attractors that characterize the birhythmic system. Comparing analytical and numerical results we find good agreement when the frequencies of both attractors are equal, while the predictions of the analytic estimates deteriorate when the two frequencies depart. Under the effect of noise the two states that characterize the birhythmic system can merge, inasmuch as the parameter plane of the birhythmic solutions is found to shrink when the noise intensity increases. The solution of the Fokker-Planck equation shows that in the birhythmic region, the two attractors are characterized by very different probabilities of finding the system in such a state. The probability becomes comparable only for a narrow range of the control parameters, thus the two limit cycles have properties in close analogy with the thermodynamic phases

Application of Geophysics for the Detection of Derangement of Phosphate Layers in the Oulad Abdoun Basin in Morocco

The phosphate series of the basin of Oulad Abdoun begins in Maastrichtian with phosphate deposits relatively very marly. It ends at the Lutetian by a calcareous slab. Derangement is any disruption of the usual succession of the phosphate series and that which disrupts the evolution of the kinematic chain, leading to a decrease in production and profitability. In this case, we have a partially disturbed series and the disturbance consists of all the elements of the series (limestone, flint, marls and phosphate). The present work has been carried out in two ways: The present work has been carried out in two ways: The first one, purely geological, consists of the identification of the different layers of the Ouled Abdoun basin in the El Halassa site and their continuity to the outcrop. At the end of these observations, the basin shows derangement of two kinds: a disturbance on the scale of the whole series known as major disturbance, and a second which affects only part of the series. Thus, it is a minor or local disturbance. The second one, geophysics, is the application of three geophysical methods: electric tomography, magnetism, and refraction seismic. The correlation of these applications should result in delineating the mineralized zone and tracking all elements that in one way or another affect this mineralization. These elements are referred to as "derangement". The combination of the results of these two methods (vertical electrical survey and tomography) used allowed us to identify and map the disturbed places in the chosen area of El Halassa. The study will be extended to other sites and the results can be compared and correlated to understand the extent and origin of these disturbances

Preparation and characterization of electrolytic alumina deposit on austenitic stainless steel

Conversion coating modified by alumina has been studied as a way for improving the resistance to thermal oxidation of an austenitic stainless steel. Conversion coating, characterized by a particular morphology and strong interfacial adhesion with the substrate, facilitate the electrochemical deposition of ceramic layers and enhance their adhesion to the substrate. The influence of the current density and treatment time on alumina deposit was studied using statistical experimental designs like Doehlert uniform shell design. After heating, coatings present a continuous composition gradient with refractory compounds at the surface. The behavior at high temperature (1000 8C) of the alumina coating was investigated. The presence of alumina increases the oxidation resistance of an austenitic stainless steel at 1000 8C. The morphology and the chemical composition of the deposit are analyzed. Results on the thermal stability of coating on austenitic stainless steel are presented

Modified differentials and basic cohomology for Riemannian foliations

We define a new version of the exterior derivative on the basic forms of a Riemannian foliation to obtain a new form of basic cohomology that satisfies Poincar\'e duality in the transversally orientable case. We use this twisted basic cohomology to show relationships between curvature, tautness, and vanishing of the basic Euler characteristic and basic signature.Comment: 20 pages, references added, minor corrections mad

Thermodynamic Properties of Propanol and Butanol as Oxygenate Additives to Biofuels

Alternative and renewable energy technologies are being sought throughout the world to reduce pollutant emissions and increase the efficiency of energy use. Oxygenate second-generation biofuels fuels lead to a reduction in pollutant emissions and their thermodynamic and transport properties allow that the facilities for transport, storage and distribution of fuels could be used without modification. Higher alcohols, like propanol and butanol, enhance the octane number, boosting the anti-knock effect in gasoline. Then the compression ratio of the engines can be increased without risk of knocking, leading to higher delivery of power. From the combustion point of view, the production of carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons from the combustion of alcohols is less than the one of gasoline. This chapter covers mixtures of butanol and propanol with hydrocarbons. The properties reviewed are excess volume or density (VE), vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE), and heat capacity (Cp)