A hybrid method of feature extraction and naive bayes classification for splitting identifiers

Nowadays, integrating natural language processing techniques on software systems has caught many researchers’ attentions. Such integration can be represented by analyzing the morphology of the source code in order to gain meaningful information. Feature location is the process of identifying specific portions of the source code. One of the most important information lies on such source code is the identifiers (e.g. Student). Unlike the traditional text processing,the identifiers in the source code is formed as multi-word such as ‘Employee-Name’. Such multi-words are not divided using white space, instead it can be formed using special characters (e.g. Employee_ID), CamelCase (e.g. EmployeeName) or using abbreviations (e.g. EmpNm). This makes the process of extracting such identifiers more challenging. Several approaches have been performed to resolve the problem of splitting multi-word identifiers. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of accuracy. Such improvement can be represented by utilizing more robust features that have the ability to analyses the morphology of identifiers. Therefore, this study aims to propose a hybrid method of feature extraction and Naïve Bayes classifier in order to separate multi-word identifiers within source code. The dataset that has been used in this study is a benchmark-annotated data that contains large number of Java codes. Multiple experiments have been conducted in order to evaluate the proposed features independently and with combinations. Results shown that the combination of all features have obtained the best accuracy by achieving 64.7% of f-measure. Such finding implies the usefulness of the proposed features in terms of discriminating multi-word identifiers

Bicycle Riding: Impact on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Function in Healthy Men

Purpose Recently, reports in the mass media have implicated that bicycle riding increases the risk of erectile dysfunction and prostatic diseases. So, we evaluate the impact of bicycle riding on erectile function and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in healthy general men. Methods From 26 June 2010 to 20 July 2010, we investigate degree of LUTS (voiding and storage symptoms), using International Continence Society-male Questionnaire (ICS-mQ) and erectile function using International Index of Erectile Function-5 Questionnaire (IIEF-5) in 5 work places (personnel of public office, hospital, university, etc.) of which bicycle riding club members were doing active club activities. Respondents, who participated in club activities for 6 months and longer, were classified as the bicycle club (142 men; age, 44.02±8.56). Ones who do not ride bicycles were classified as the control group (83 men; age, 42.13±7.85). People who were having the history of urological and other chronic diseases (diabetes, vascular disease, heart disease, etc) were excluded from both groups. Results Bicycle club is not significantly associated with increased prevalence of LUTS (bicycle club, 2.1 to 57.7% control, 4.8 to 73.5%) and erectile dysfunction (bicycle club, 46.1% control, 55.4%). The total mean score (storage/voiding/erectile function) of bicycle club (13.93±1.95/11.14±3.49/20.46±5.30) were not significantly different from control (14.35±2.49/11.52±3.38/20.40±4.07) (P=0.190 to 0.968). Conclusions These results suggested that bicycle riding as exercise or hobby has no negative effect on LUTS and erectile function in healthy general men, although this research data were limited to the questionnaire analysis

Protocol for Phase I Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for Patients with High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

INTRODUCTION: The initial treatment for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is endoscopic resection of the tumour followed by BCG therapy. In those who develop recurrence, the standard treatment is radical cystectomy. Despite the advancement in surgical technique and postoperative care, the degree of morbidity associated with radical cystectomy remains high, therefore less invasive treatment modalities are desirable. Therapies targeting the programmed death (PD) pathway have shown promise in urothelial carcinoma. We undertook the current study to determine the safety and efficacy of administering pembrolizumab (a monoclonal antibody targeting the interaction between PD-1 and its ligand) in combination with BCG in high-risk NMIBC. METHODS: This is a single-centre phase I safety and efficacy study of pembrolizumab used in combination with intravesicular BCG treatment for subjects with pathologically documented high-risk NMIBC despite having received two courses of induction therapy or BCG treatment followed by maintenance BCG. Fifteen subjects will be enrolled, patients will receive treatment with 200 mg of pembrolizumab every 21 days, starting 2 weeks from the initial endoscopic resection and continuing for 6 weeks after the final dose of BCG. The primary objective is to determine the safety of administering pembrolizumab at a fixed dose of 200 mg every 3 weeks in conjunction with intravesicular BCG treatment in patients with high-risk NMIBC who have failed previous treatment. Secondary objectives are to determine the 19 weeks and the 3, 12 and 24 months post-treatment completion complete response rate with combined pembrolizumab and intravesicular BCG therapy in the aforementioned patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Henry Ford Hospital. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a scientific conference. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02324582

Clonal Distribution of Invasive Pneumococci, Czech Republic, 1996–2003

We conducted surveillance on invasive pneumococci isolated from adults in the Czech Republic during 1996–2003. The 7 most prevalent serotypes were characterized. Coverage with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was low. Our observations confirm that detection methods may have modified the expected effect of this vaccine

Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations of the genitourinary tract are genetically different from nodular fasciitis and lack USP6, ROS1 and ETV6 gene rearrangements

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145266/1/his13526_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145266/2/his13526.pd

The human gastrointestinal microbiota and prostate cancer development and treatment

The human gastrointestinal microbiome contains commensal bacteria and other microbiota that have been gaining increasing attention in the context of cancer development and response to treatment. Microbiota play a role in the maintenance of host barrier surfaces that contribute to both local inflammation and other systemic metabolic functions. In the context of prostate cancer, the gastrointestinal microbiome may play a role through metabolism of estrogen, an increase of which has been linked to the induction of prostatic neoplasia. Specific microbiota such as Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Bacteroides massiliensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectalie, and Mycoplasma genitalium have been associated with differing risks of prostate cancer development or extensiveness of prostate cancer disease. In this Review, we discuss gastrointestinal microbiota’s effects on prostate cancer development, the ability of the microbiome to regulate chemotherapy for prostate cancer treatment, and the importance of using Next Generation Sequencing to further discern the microbiome’s systemic influence on prostate cancer

Pneumococcal Serotypes and Mortality following Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Analyzing population-based data collected over 30 years in more than 18,000 patients with invasive pneumococcal infection, Zitta Harboe and colleagues find specific pneumococcal serotypes to be associated with increased mortality