Qu’est-ce que la phagothérapie ?

Tout virus se multiplie dans une cellule vivante qui peut être celle d’un mammifère, d’une plante ou encore un procaryote (bactérie et archée). Un virus qui a pour hôte une bactérie est nommé bactériophage (phage). Un phage est très généralement spécifique d’une espèce bactérienne, voire uniquement de quelques souches d’une espèce. Dans la nature, les phages sont présents partout où il y a des bactéries qui sont les hôtes d’au moins un phage. La thérapeutique qui utilise les phages pour traiter les infections bactériennes est appelée phagothérapie. Les phages ont été découverts pendant la Première Guerre Mondiale et la phagothérapie a été utilisée pour la première fois dès 1919 en France. De très nombreuses maladies bactériennes, cutanées, oculaires, ORL, digestives, osseuses, urinaires, pulmonaires, ont été traitées avec plus ou moins de succès par des phages préparés de manière artisanale ou même commercialisés. Mondialement très utilisée durant deux décennies, la phagothérapie a été remplacée dans les années 40 par l’antibiothérapie que l’on pensait être la solution définitive pour lutter contre les infections bactériennes. Cependant depuis quelques années, l’extension des résistances fait redouter un retour à l’ère pré-antibiotique. A la lumière des connaissances récentes, la réintroduction des phages dans l’arsenal thérapeutique paraît aujourd’hui envisageable. Mais avant tout il est nécessaire de disposer d’un médicament qui doit répondre aux normes modernes de fabrication. Ce n’est qu’après avoir évalué le bénéfice-risque d’un médicament de nature biologique, que la phagothérapie pourra être utilisée en substitution ou en complément de l’antibiothérapie.All viruses multiply in a living cell that can be that of a mammal, a plant or a prokaryote (bacterium and archaea). A virus infecting a bacterium is named bacteriophage (phage). A phage is in most cases specific for one bacterial species, and sometimes even for limited strains within a species. In nature, phages are present everywhere where there are bacteria which can host at least a phage. The therapy using phages to treat bacterial infections is called phage therapy. Phages were discovered during World War I at the Pasteur Institute and Phage therapy was used for the first time in France in 1919. Since that time many bacterial diseases of the skin, eye, digestive tract, bone, urinary tract, and lung... have been treated with more or less success with phages as commercial drug products or even prepared through an artisanal way. While it had been widely used through the world during two decades, phage therapy was later replaced by antibiotic therapy, thought to be the ultimate solution to fight bacterial infections. In recent years, however, progression of antibiotic resistance threatens to get us back to the pre-antibiotic era. In the light of recent discoveries, the reintroduction of phages in the therapeutic arsenal seems today possible. But, above all, it is absolutely mandatory to develop medicinal products that meet modern manufacturing standards. Phage therapy – a medicine containing a biological active ingredient- will possibly be used in substitution or in addition to antibiotic therapy once its risk benefit is adequately assessed

The phage therapy paradigm: prêt-à-porter or sur-mesure?

The present opinion is the result of discussions on the future of phage therapy (personalized or large-scale uniform therapy?) during the first International Congress on Viruses of Microbes, held at the Institut Pasteur in Paris on June 21–25, 2010

Matrix metalloproteinase 12 silencing: A therapeutic approach to treat pathological lung tissue remodeling?

peer reviewedAmong the large matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family, MMP-12, also referred to as macrophage elastase, plays a significant role in chronic pulmonary pathologies characterized by an intense tissue remodeling such as asthma and COPD. This review will summarize knowledge about MMP-12 structure, functions and mechanisms of activation and regulation, including potential MMP-12 modulation by microRNA. As MMP-12 is involved in many tissue remodeling diseases, efforts have been made to develop specific synthetic inhibitors. However, at this time, very few chemical inhibitors have proved to be efficient and specific to a particular MMP. The relevance of silencing MMP-12 by RNA interference is highlighted. The specificity of this approach using siRNA or shRNA and the strategies to deliver these molecules in the lung are discussed

Fabrication d'une suspension thérapeutique de bactériophages (cas d'une ostéite à Pseudomonas aeruginosa multi-résistant)

PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Benefits of Combined Phage–Antibiotic Therapy for the Control of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: A Literature Review

With the increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, more and more therapeutic failures are being reported worldwide. The market for antibiotics is now broken due to the high cost of developing new molecules. A promising solution to bacterial resistance is combined phage–antibiotic therapy, a century-old method that can potentiate existing antibiotics by prolonging or even restoring their activity against specific bacteria. The aim of this literature review was to provide an overview of different phage–antibiotic combinations and to describe the possible mechanisms of phage–antibiotic synergy

Evaluation in vitro d'une suspension de bactériophages anti-staphylococcique à usage thérapeutique

PARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prescriptions antibiotiques dans les infections documentées (analyse critique dans un service clinique)

PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF