Évaluation des habiletés de vie autonome chez les personnes psychotiques

Ce texte détaille les caractéristiques métrologiques de l'Échelle des habiletés de Vie Autonome (EHVA) mesurant les habiletés requises chez des personnes psychotiques, pour fonctionner de façon autonome au sein de la communauté. Ce questionnaire, qui comprend 65 items répartis en dix échelles d'habiletés, a été administré à 276 personnes psychotiques. Les résultats indiquent que, dans l'ensemble, la fidélité de cet instrument est bonne, mesurée par l'accord interjuges et les coefficients alpha. Trois des 10 échelles, soit les échelles Déplacement, Recherche d'emploi et Maintien de l'emploi, n'ont pu être conservées dans la version finale. Les quatre aspects de la validité examinés dans cette étude se révèlent très satisfaisants; il s'agit du degré de convergence entre l'évaluation faite par les participants eux-mêmes et par un membre du personnel soignant, des analyses discriminantes, des corrélations convergentes-divergentes avec d'autres instruments de mesure du fonctionnement psychosocial et de l'analyse factorielle exploratoire. Après ces analyses, la version finale de l'EHVA comprend 48 items répartis sous sept échelles. La discussion fait ressortir les qualités psychométriques d'un tel instrument en langue française et suggère des pistes de recherche pour poursuivre le développement de l'EHVA.This article studies in detail the metrological characteristics of the "Autonomous Life Skills Test" ("Echelle des Habiletés de Vie Autonome" or "EHVA") which measures the skills required of psychotic patients to function on their own in the community. The questionnaire, distributed to 276 psychotic patients, made use of 10 parameters of skills broken down into 65 items. Results show that, overall, this instrument is quite reliable, as measured by the inter-rater reliability and alpha coefficients. Three of the ten parameters, namely Mobility, Employment Search and Employment Holding, were not retained in the final version. The four validity aspects were found to be very satisfactory, namely the degree of convergence between the participant's self-evaluation and the evaluation provided by healthcare personnel, (discriminating analysis), convergent-divergent correlations with other instruments measuring psychosocial functioning and the exploratory factorial analysis. Following these analysis, the final version of the "EHVA" includes 48 items covering seven parameters. A discussion of results underscores the psychometric qualities of such a French-language instrument and suggests avenues to pursue the development of the "EHVA"

Données récentes d’études scandinaves. Traiter la dépression : une stratégie efficace de prévention du suicide?

Cet article vise à éclairer les planificateurs en santé publique, le personnel clinique et les intervenants en prévention du suicide au Québec ainsi que les familles et le public francophone à propos de récentes études sur le traitement de la dépression comme stratégie de prévention du suicide. Les auteurs en résument les conclusions, passent en revue les méthodes et examinent les résultats dans une perspective de santé publique visant à établir une stratégie efficace de prévention. Ils soulignent que le traitement de la dépression pourrait non seulement réduire les taux de suicide mais avoir des effets importants sur la santé publique en réduisant les incapacités liées à la dépression, en plus d'avoir un impact sur les futures générations à risque. Les obstacles au développement d'une telle stratégie sont soulignés en référence spécifique à la situation du Québec.Treating depression is an effective population suicide prevention strategy: recent evidence from Scandinavian studies This article's objective is to signal to the Quebec and the francophone audience of public planners and decision makers, clinical and suicide prevention workers, staff, relatives as well as the public of these recent breakthrough findings that provides strong evidence now that increasing the treatment of depression is an effective suicide prevention strategy. The article summarizes the evidence published recently and then critically reviews the methods and if the evidence fits within a complete public health perspective demonstration of an effective suicide prevention strategy. It highlights that the treatment of depression may not only decrease suicide rates but have much more larger public health effects by decreasing the disability associated with depression and have impact on future generations at risk of depression and suicide. The obstacles to developing such nation-wide strategy of increasing the treatment of depression will be highlighted with specific reference to the situation in Quebec.Datos recientes de investigaciones escandinavas. Tratar la depresión: ¿una estragegia eficaz de prevención del suicidio? El artículo quiere alumbrar los planificadores en salud pública, el personal clínico y los intervenantes en prevención del suicidio en Quebec asi que las familias y el público francófono sobre estudios recientes tocando el tratamiento de la depresión como estrategia de prevención del suicidio. Los autores resumen las conclusiones, pasan revista las métodas y examinan los resultados desde una perspectiva de salud pública con objeto de establecer una estrategia eficaz de prevención. Subrayan que el tratamiento de la depresión podria no solamente reducir las tasas del suicidio pero tener efectos importantes sobre la salud pública reduciendo las incapacidades ligadas a la depresión y además tener un impacto sobre generaciones futuras a riesgo. Los obstáculos al desarrollo de tal estrategia estan subrayados con referencia específica a la situación del Québec.Dados recentes de estudos escandinavos. Tratar a depressão: uma estratégia eficaz de prevenção contra o suicídio? Este artigo visa informar os promotores em saúde pública, os funcionários clínicos e os assistentes em prevenção contra o suicídio no Quebec, e também as famílias e o público francófono a respeito dos estudos recentes sobre o tratamento da depressão como estratégia na prevenção contra o suicídio. Os autores resumem aqui as conclusões, analisam os métodos e examinam os resultados em uma perspectiva de saúde pública visando estabelecer uma estratégia eficaz de prevenção. Eles ressaltam que o tratamento da depressão poderia, não apenas diminuir a taxa de suicídio, mas ter efeitos importantes na saúde pública, reduzindo a incapacidade ligada à depressão, além de ter um impacto nas futuras gerações em risco. Os obstáculos ao desenvolvimento de tal estratégia são ressaltados fazendo referência específica à situação do Quebec

On the Relay-Fallback Tradeoff in Millimeter Wave Wireless System

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications systems are promising candidate to support extremely high data rate services in future wireless networks. MmWave communications exhibit high penetration loss (blockage) and require directional transmissions to compensate for severe channel attenuations and for high noise powers. When blockage occurs, there are at least two simple prominent options: 1) switching to the conventional microwave frequencies (fallback option) and 2) using an alternative non-blocked path (relay option). However, currently it is not clear under which conditions and network parameters one option is better than the other. To investigate the performance of the two options, this paper proposes a novel blockage model that allows deriving maximum achievable throughput and delay performance of both options. A simple criterion to decide which option should be taken under which network condition is provided. By a comprehensive performance analysis, it is shown that the right option depends on the payload size, beam training overhead, and blockage probability. For a network with light traffic and low probability of blockage in the direct link, the fallback option is throughput- and delay-optimal. For a network with heavy traffic demands and semi-static topology (low beam-training overhead), the relay option is preferable.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted in IEEE INFOCOM mmNet Worksho

Faking it : counterfeiting and consumer contradictions

Fashion counterfeiting is a multimillion pound business and one which relies on the complicity of the consumer. Frequently seen as a victimless crime, it is a difficult trade to control because as long as consumers desire brands, the greater the market for counterfeits. In this study we consider the way in which consumers relate to fake brands and the implications of counterfeit for consumers creating their identity through commodities. The results point to an inherent and fundamental contradiction in consumers views on counterfeit, willing to buy and wear the fakes but condemning the duplicity of those who do

Ultrathin 2 nm gold as ideal impedance-matched absorber for infrared light

Thermal detectors are a cornerstone of infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) technology due to their broad spectral range. These detectors call for suitable broad spectral absorbers with minimalthermal mass. Often this is realized by plasmonic absorbers, which ensure a high absorptivity butonly for a narrow spectral band. Alternativly, a common approach is based on impedance-matching the sheet resistance of a thin metallic film to half the free-space impedance. Thereby, it is possible to achieve a wavelength-independent absorptivity of up to 50 %, depending on the dielectric properties of the underlying substrate. However, existing absorber films typicallyrequire a thickness of the order of tens of nanometers, such as titanium nitride (14 nm), whichcan significantly deteriorate the response of a thermal transducers. Here, we present the application of ultrathin gold (2 nm) on top of a 1.2 nm copper oxide seed layer as an effective IR absorber. An almost wavelength-independent and long-time stable absorptivity of 47(3) %, ranging from 2 $\mu$m to 20 $\mu$m, could be obtained and is further discussed. The presented gold thin-film represents analmost ideal impedance-matched IR absorber that allows a significant improvement of state-of-the-art thermal detector technology

An inverse source problem for the heat equation and the enclosure method

An inverse source problem for the heat equation is considered. Extraction formulae for information about the time and location when and where the unknown source of the equation firstly appeared are given from a single lateral boundary measurement. New roles of the plane progressive wave solutions or their complex versions for the backward heat equation are given.Comment: 23page

La empresa moderna atrapada en la emergencia de una tercera revolución industrial : ¿hacia la emergencia de un ciber mundo inteligente?

1 archivo PDF (16 páginas). magyeffLa importancia de las transformaciones que están en curso en el mundo contemporáneo permite pensar que, habida cuenta de su número y su variedad, hemos entrado ya en una nueva era. Según el enfoque asimilado y en particular, según el énfasis puesto, estamos ante el surgimiento de una nueva revolución industrial o el advenimiento de un mundo postmoderno, en el que veríamos vacilar los conocimientos —aun los fundamentos heredados del Renacimiento vía la Ilustración. Ante el cuestionamiento de nuestra visión del mundo con sus nociones de progreso, lo mismo si son científicas, técnicas o humanas, así como ideales de libertad individual y colectiva, estamos confrontados a una nueva fase de los movimientos que caracterizan la historia de tiempo largo de nuestras sociedades, con sus procesos de deconstrucción/reconstrucción que, trabajados profundamente, terminan por alterar los órdenes económicos y sociales dominantes con sus valores y sus representaciones, que constituyen los fundamentos de nuestras maneras de vivir y trabajar en conjunto. A estas transformaciones se confrontan las organizaciones productivas que son tanto sus actores como su receptáculo. En efecto, estas últimas, por su naturaleza, juegan un papel central no sólo en la producción y distribución de riquezas sino también en los modos de vida que ellas contribuyen a estructurar a través de las características de trabajo tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas. ABSTRACT: The importance of the changes that are underway in the contemporary world makes one think that, given the number and variety, we have now entered a new era. Under the approach assimilated and in particular, as the emphasis, we are witnessing the emergence of a new industrial revolution and the advent of a post-modern world in which we would hesitate knowledge-even the foundations-Renaissance inherited via the Enlightenment. Before the questioning of our world view with its notions of progress, like if they are scientific, technical or human and ideals of individual and collective freedom, we are facing a new phase of the movements that characterize the long time history our societies, with their processes of deconstruction / reconstruction, deeply worked, eventually altering the dominant social and economic orders with their values and their representations, which are the foundations of our ways of living and working together. These transformations are confronted productive organizations that are both actors as its receptacle. Indeed, the latter, by their nature, play a central role not only in the production and distribution of wealth but also in the ways of life they help structure through working features both quantitative and qualitative. PALABRAS CLAVE: Cibernética. Revolución industrial. Mercado de trabajo. KEYWORDS: Cybernetics. Industrial revolution. Labor market

Effectiveness of home-based records on maternal, newborn and child health outcomes: A systematic review and metaanalysis

Abstract : Home-based records (HBRs) may improve the health of pregnant women, new mothers and their children, and support health care systems. We assessed the effectiveness of HBRs on maternal, newborn and child health reporting, care seeking and self-care practice, mortality, morbidity and women’s empowerment in low-, middle- and high-income countries. We con- ducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Health Systems Evidence, CINAHL, HTA database, NHS EED, and DARE from 1950 to 2017. We also searched the WHO, CDC, ECDC, JICA and UNAIDS. We included randomised controlled trials, prospec- tive controlled trials, and cost-effectiveness studies. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to appraise studies. We extracted and analyzed data for outcomes including maternal, new- born and child health, and women’s empowerment. We synthesized and presented data using GRADE Evidence Profiles. We included 14 studies out of 16,419 identified articles. HBRs improved antenatal care and reduced likelihood of pregnancy complications; improved patient–provider communication and enhanced women’s feelings of control and empower- ment; and improved rates of vaccination among children (OR: 2�39, 95% CI: 1.45–3�92) and mothers (OR 1�98 95% CI:1�29–3�04). A three-year follow-up shows that HBRs reduced risk of cognitive delay in children (p = 0.007). HBRs used during the life cycle of women and chil- dren in Indonesia showed benefits for continuity of care. There were no significant effects on healthy pregnancy behaviors such as smoking and consumption of alcohol during preg- nancy. There were no statistically significant effects on newborn health outcomes. We did not identify any formal studies on cost or economic evaluation. HBRs show modest but important health effects for women and children. These effects with minimal-to-no harms, multiplied across a population, could play an important role in reducing health inequities in maternal, newborn, and child health. PLO

Polychromatic guide star: feasibility study

International audienceAdaptive optics at astronomical telescopes aims at correcting in real time the phase corrugations of incoming wavefronts caused by the turbulent atmosphere, as early proposed by Babcock. Measuring the phase errors requires a bright source located within the isoplanatic patch of the program source. The probability that such a reference source exists is a function of the wavelength, of the required image quality (Strehl ratio), of the turbulence optical properties, and of the direction of the observation. It turns out that the sky coverage is disastrously low in particular in the visible wavelength range where, unfortunately, the gain in spatial resolution brought by adaptive optics is the largest. Foy and Labeyrie have proposed to overcome this difficulty by creating an artificial point source in the sky in the direction of the observation relying on the backscattered light due to a laser beam. This laser guide star (hereinafter referred to as LGS) can be bright enough to allow us to accurately measure the wavefront phase errors, except for two modes which are the piston (not relevant in this case) and the tilt. Pilkington has emphasized that the round trip time of the laser beam to the mesosphere, where the LGS is most often formed, is significantly shorter than the typical tilt coherence time; then the inverse-return-of-light principle causes deflections of the outgoing and the ingoing beams to cancel. The apparent direction of the LGS is independent of the tilt. Therefore the tilt cannot be measured only from the LGS. Until now, the way to overcome this difficulty has been to use a natural guide star to sense the tilt. Although the tilt is sensed through the entire telescope pupil, one cannot use a faint source because $APEX 90% of the variance of the phase error is in the tilt. Therefore, correcting the tilt requires a higher accuracy of the measurements than for higher orders of the wavefront. Hence current adaptive optics devices coupled with a LGS face low sky coverage. Several methods have been proposed to get a partial sky coverage for the tilt. The only one providing us with a full sky coverage is the polychromatic LGS (hereafter referred to as PLGS). We present here a progress report of the R&D; program Etoile Laser Polychromatique et Optique Adaptative (ELP-OA) carried out in France to develop the PLGS concept. After a short recall of the principles of the PLGS, we will review the goal of ELP-OA and the steps to get over to bring it into play. We finally shortly described the effort in Europe to develop the LGS