MUTU DAN BERAT VOLUME BETON MENGUNAKAN BAHAN AGREGAT KASAR DAUR ULANG BONGKARAN BANGUNAN

MUTU DAN BERAT VOLUME BETON MENGUNAKAN BAHAN AGREGAT KASAR DAUR ULANG BONGKARAN BANGUNA

OPTIMALISASI KINERJA SIMPANG BERSINYAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MIKROSIMULASI VISSIM

OPTIMALISASI KINERJA SIMPANG BERSINYAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MIKROSIMULASI VISSI

PELAKSANAAN REHABILITASI JAMBAN SEHAT PADA LINGKUNGAN KUMUH RT 004 KELURAHAN BARAYA KECAMATAN BONTOALA

PELAKSANAAN REHABILITASI JAMBAN SEHAT PADA LINGKUNGAN KUMUH RT 004 KELURAHAN BARAYA KECAMATAN BONTOAL

The importance of spatial visual scene parameters in predicting optimal cone sensitivities in routinely trichromatic frugivorous old-world primates

Computational models that predict the spectral sensitivities of primate cone photoreceptors have focussed only on the spectral, not spatial, dimensions. On the ecologically valid task of foraging for fruit, such models predict the M-cone (“green”) peak spectral sensitivity 10–20 nm further from the L-cone (“red”) sensitivity peak than it is in nature and assume their separation is limited by other visual constraints, such as the requirement of high-acuity spatial vision for closer M and L peak sensitivities. We explore the possibility that a spatio-chromatic analysis can better predict cone spectral tuning without appealing to other visual constraints. We build a computational model of the primate retina and simulate chromatic gratings of varying spatial frequencies using measured spectra. We then implement the case study of foveal processing in routinely trichromatic primates for the task of discriminating fruit and leaf spectra. We perform an exhaustive search for the configurations of M and L cone spectral sensitivities that optimally distinguish the colour patterns within these spectral images. Under such conditions, the model suggests that: (1) a long-wavelength limit is required to constrain the L cone spectral sensitivity to its natural position; (2) the optimal M cone peak spectral sensitivity occurs at ~525 nm, close to the observed position in nature (~535 nm); (3) spatial frequency has a small effect upon the spectral tuning of the cones; (4) a selective pressure toward less correlated M and L spectral sensitivities is provided by the need to reduce noise caused by the luminance variation that occurs in natural scenes

Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children

Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children

[Medici antiqui Graeci, Latini, atque Arabes qui de febribus scripserunt

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