Evaluating Classifiers\u27 Optimal Performances Over a Range of Misclassification Costs by Using Cost-Sensitive Classification

We believe that using the classification accuracy is not enough to evaluate the performances of classification algorithms. It can be misleading due to overlooking an important element which is the cost if classification is inaccurate. Furthermore, the Receiver Operational Characteristic (ROC) is one of the most popular graphs used to evaluate classifiers performances. However, one of the biggest ROC’s shortcomings is the assumption of equal costs for all misclassified data. Therefore, our goal is to reduce the total cost of decision making by selecting the classifier that has the least total misclassification cost. Nevertheless, the exact misclassification cost is usually unknown and hard to determine. To overcome such hurdle, we classify the data against a range of error costs. Thus, we use the cost range and the operating classification threshold range to show any performance differences among classifiers

New forms of exile: Arab identity in three contemporary novels

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of exile in three works of contemporary fiction, particularly in view of how exile comes to be accepted and viewed positively in the lives of the characters depicted. The meaning of exile is not restricted to being forcibly detached from one\u27s home country and thrown into another. Hence, a new form of exile is portrayed in Leila Aboulela\u27s The Translator, Nadine Gordimer\u27s The Pickup, and Bahaa Taher\u27s Love in Exile, three novels that present characters who understand the condition of exile in special ways. In these novels, the exile embarks on a unique journey and faces opportunities that open up the possibility of a new life. In each case, the exile must decide whether to merely suffer exile or embrace it. This thesis unveils a new face of exile in arguing that exile can be experienced psychologically as well as physically, while studying images of displacement and the underlying motives that underlie the condition of exile itself

Temperature and dietary lysine levels for laying broiler breeder hens

The specific objectives of this project were; to examine and explain the response of laying broiler breeders to different constant and cycling ambient temperatures, to different dietary concentrations of lysine and the temperature x dietary lysine interactions. A quantitative literature review indicated that there was a curvilinear (P0.05) effects on hatchability or chick quality. Increasing dietary lysine concentrations tended (P0.05) hatchability or chick quality. Increasing dietary lysine increased (P=0.044) blood lysine concentration and increased (P=0.026) blood haematocrit values in birds kept at 21°C but not in those kept at 32°C. There was a similar temperature x lysine interaction (P= 0.031) in carcass protein composition and a trend (P<0.1) for this same interaction in body weight change of the hens in two experiments

Assessment of the process of urban transformation in Baghdad city form and function

[EN] During the 21st century, urban transformation of cities has been intensely affected by flows of socio-economic and technological processes. Through the centuries, such as all historical places in Mesopotamia, Baghdad has given an outstanding example of dramatic evolution. The city, which stands on the river Tigris, faced various transformation processes in the culture and physical environment due to social and political reasons. The transformation of Baghdad city is a very complicated process driven by various factors affecting the homogeneity of the old urban fabric. Reconfiguration and the production of new urban typologies within the heritage fabric were the most fundamental effects. The outcome was different spatial languages competing with each other. This transformation changed the relations and hierarchies among spaces, which allowed more flexibility and accessibility between private and public space. The main purpose of this study is to examine how Baghdad city emerged and to develop a comprehensive understanding of the history of urban transformation in the context of city change. To achieve this aim, this paper will utilise urban morphology to explain how Baghdad transformed from a geometric city (the Round City AD762 by Caliph Al-Mansur) to an organic form and then from a traditional city to the modern metropolis. It will seek to analyse the process of urban transformation in Baghdad and show different types of urban patterns. Moreover, this paper will try to illustrate how the new way of transportation represented by the car has affected the historic centre and changed the structural system of Baghdad.Al-Saffar, M. (2018). Assessment of the process of urban transformation in Baghdad city form and function. En 24th ISUF International Conference. Book of Papers. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 709-718. https://doi.org/10.4995/ISUF2017.2017.5315OCS70971

Effect of Temperature on the Ability of Pseudomonas stutzeri Bacteria Isolated from Different Sources to Fix Nitrogen

Background Research has tended to increase the number of nitrogen-fixing microbes in the ground to increase the rate of Stabilization and supply plants with their needs of Nitrogen while reducing nitrogen fertilization and the surrounding problems of pollution, loss, and cost, so a type of microorganism was used in this degree to fix Nitrogen and its use as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. Methodology, the isolated Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteria from different sources, were planted on a nitrogen-free medium after sterilization in an autoclave device, and the medium was distributed in 10 ml tubes. Then the bacteria were cultured in this medium and incubated for five days at a temperature of 37 °C, after which the growth was measured by a spectrometer and using the Nessler reagent detector. The same nitrogen-free medium was used, but the bacteria were incubated at different degrees. They were divided into three groups, the first incubated at 25 °C, the second at 35 °C, and the last at 45 °C. The effect of isolating Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteria from different sources on nitrogen fixation was isolated from urine, feces, and sputum. The nitrogen concentration in the medium containing the bacteria isolated from urine was 3.8%. In contrast, the Nitrogen installed in the medium containing the bacteria isolated from the feces reached the highest concentration of 6.2. The nitrogen fixation in the medium containing the bacteria isolated from the sputum reached the lowest concentration of 2.4%, As in Figure 1 This case can be explained by the fact that the presence of bacteria in the intestine led to the gene expression of the genes that encode the enzyme Nitrogenase. Effect of temperature difference on nitrogen fixation in the culture media. The treatments were divided into three treatments, with five replications for each treatment after sterilization of the culture media. They were distributed into 10 ml tubes and inoculum with bacteria for each tube. The first group was incubated at 25 °C, the second at 35 °C, and the last at 45 °C. For five days in a vibrating incubator, the results showed that the concentration of Nitrogen installed in the first treatment (25 °C) was 2%, while the highest concentration in the second treatment (35 °C) was 5.2%, and in the last treatment (45 °C) 3.4%, as shown in Figure 2. Interpretation of this is that the ideal degree for bacterial growth is 37 °C

Impact of maternal risk factors on the outcome of pregnancy in Baghdad city

To find out the impact of maternal risk factors on the outcome of pregnancy in Baghdad city. A descriptive purposive study was carried out on 100 postpartum women who had delivered for 1 hr. to 24 hrs. ago . the study sample was selected from three hospitals in Baghdad city ( Baghdad teaching hospital ,Fatima Al-Zahra'a maternity and pediatric teaching hospital and Al-Yarmook teaching hospital),during the period from 25 Jan. to 25 Feb. 2006. The data were collected through the use of questionnaire format reviewing pregnants' records and personal interview and were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. The finding revealed that maternal pregnancy complications had weak effects on pregnancy outcome , while maternal employment & spouse's consanguinity were predictors for poor pregnancy outcome . The study recommended the necessity of establishing health education programs for pregnant to be self monitoring & early detection of complications that associate the pregnancy . In addition promote the system of follow up care during antenatal ,perinatal,& postnatal

Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy in Association with Hepatitis E

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute peripheral neuropathy that develops as a result of post-infectious immune-mediated nerve injury. It can be classified into classic and variant GBS. Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is a subtype of GBS with the key clinical features of pure motor weakness, areflexia, absence of sensory symptoms, and lack of neurophysiologic evidence of demyelination. We reported a case of acute motor axonal neuropathy in association with hepatitis E infection. A young woman was referred to us after a period of nausea, fever, and diarrhea. She had unexplained muscle weakness at admission and has been diagnosed with acute hepatitis E infection. A rigorous clinical neurological assessment revealed bilateral symmetrical weakness, which affects the lower limbs more than the upper limbs, with no evidence of sensory involvement. Neurophysiological measurements indicated acute axonal injury without clues to demyelination. A diagnosis of acute motor axonal neuropathy subtype has been made, to which she only received supportive therapy. The symptoms resolved spontaneously and full recovery of motor function was attained after 35 days of weakness onset with complete normalization of neurophysiologic parameters

A Newly Invented Antibacterial in Decontamination of Reusable Hospital a Device

Hospitals have sanitation protocols regarding uniforms, equipment sterilization, washing, and other preventive measures. Thorough hand washing and/or use of alcohol rubs by all medical personnel before and after each patient contact is one of the most effective ways to combat nosocomial infections. More careful use of antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, is also considered vital. We collected a variety of previously used medical devices, 18 pieces (tubing system of ventilator, face masks , blades of laryngoscope and stethoscope bell &amp; diaphragm).After These devices had been cleaned ,rinsed then immersed in bleach ,we tested their decontamination using a newly invented antibacterial; we  used  different weight of Sidr leaves aqueous extract 50g/L, 62.5 g/L, 75g/L and 87.5 g/L  (w/v) and a mixture of the two chemicals ;the extract and hydrogen peroxide 1.5% while normal saline 0.9% was used as control. . The process of testing decontamination was repeated as the period of contact between the devices and any of the fourth disinfectants was increased starting at 5 ,then increasing to 15and 30 minutes successively . Loopful swabs were taken from the devices before and after contact with the disinfectants and repeated as the period of contact was increased to 15 then 30 minutes. Mixing hydrogen peroxide 1.5% (v/v) and aqueous sidr extract 62.5 g/L(w/v) was effective in eradicating contamination of used contaminated medical devices after a period of contact of 30 minutes. The new antibacterial agent is effective in decontaminating reusable medical devices after 30 minutes of contact. Keywords: antibacterial, Decontamination, sidr, Hospital

INVESTIGATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC SITE INTERPRETATION CENTERS TO MEANING MAKING: THE CASE OF BAHRAIN

This dissertation investigates the role and contribution of the Historic Site Interpretation Centers in the process of meaning-making from the historic site to the visitors, as well as their visiting experience and attendance at the same settings. The Historic Site Interpretation Centers exhibit a unique museum typology dedicated to sites of historical significance, offering a dual mode of interpretation, labeled as ‘in situ’ and ‘in context’. The objective was to evaluate the physical attributes and applied display strategies in conveying meaning from historic sites to visitors and, to explore the resulting stakeholders’ (i.e. service providers and visitors) perception and emotional experience in these dual settings. Hence, a convergent mixed method of multiple case-study analysis was used to evaluate the given settings’ physical attributes, and multi-ethnographic tools inclusive of archival documents, online survey, semi-structured open-ended interviews, and non-obtrusive observation were used to explore the stakeholders’ perception and emotional experience. Four historical sites in Bahrain were selected: Qal’at Al Bahrain, Shaikh Salman bin Ahmed Al Fateh Fort, Bu Maher Fort and Al Khamis Mosque. The findings suggest that visitation interest and meaning-making are primarily affected by first, a range of different contextual relationships between the Historic Site Interpretation Centers and their historic sites, building physical attributes and display strategies. Second, visitors’ interests and expectations are the main trigger for visitation, while their cultural background and collective memory are recognized as influential factors in the process of meaning-making. The difficulty in creating meaning-making may reside in a single or a combination of factors: a rigid de-contextualization of objects, an architectural design of the interpretive center insensitive to the particularities of the location, presentation strategies ineffective enough to generate a disinterest among visitors. Undoubtedly, the present situation of historic sites in Bahrain affiliates itself to the ever-present debate on the philosophical groundings of Critical Regionalism from its generation in the early 80s of the last century to its present and undeniable actuality and force. This research acknowledges the original reasons and ideological perspective behind its inception and the contemporary critical readings of the same text in the light of new economic, environmental, political concerns and design challenges. While understanding some of the concerns and challenges that drove architectural production since the concept was coined, this research’s intention is to remain close to the essence of Critical Regionalism, which is to effectively understand the importance of a context while designing appropriate structures easily interpreted by visitors, and capable to generate coherent meaning-making within a specific setting. Finally, a new classification of museums is suggested on the basis of contextual relationships to the historic site and the involvement of dual modes of interpretation - ‘in situ’ and ‘in context’ - in order to overcome the existing dichotomy in the contribution and role of such museums. In addition, this study’s ambition is to provide some design and curatorship directions for architects, museographers, and policymakers in Bahrain and beyond

INVESTIGATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC SITE INTERPRETATION CENTERS TO MEANING-MAKING: THE CASE OF BAHRAIN

This dissertation investigates the role and contribution of the Historic Site Interpretation Centers in the process of meaning-making from the historic site to the visitors, as well as their visiting experience and attendance at the same settings. The Historic Site Interpretation Centers exhibit a unique museum typology dedicated to sites of historical significance, offering a dual-mode of interpretation, labeled as ‘in situ’ and ‘in context’. The objective was to evaluate the physical attributes and applied display strategies in conveying meaning from historic sites to visitors and, to explore the resulting stakeholders’ (i.e. service providers and visitors) perception and emotional experience in these dual settings. Hence, a convergent mixed method of multiple case-study analysis was used to evaluate the given settings’ physical attributes, and multi-ethnographic tools inclusive of archival documents, online survey, semi-structured open-ended interviews, and non-obtrusive observation were used to explore the stakeholders’ perception and emotional experience. Four historical sites in Bahrain were selected: Qal’at Al Bahrain, Shaikh Salman bin Ahmed Al Fateh Fort, Bu Maher Fort, and Al Khamis Mosque. The findings suggest that visitation interest and meaning-making are primarily affected by first, a range of different contextual relationships between the Historic Site Interpretation Centers and their historic sites, building physical attributes, and display strategies. Second, visitors’ interests and expectations are the main trigger for visitation, while their cultural background and collective memory are recognized as influential factors in the process of meaning-making. The difficulty in creating meaning-making may reside in a single or a combination of factors: a rigid de-contextualization of objects, an architectural design of the interpretive center insensitive to the particularities of the location, presentation strategies ineffective enough to generate a disinterest among visitors. Undoubtedly, the present situation of historic sites in Bahrain affiliates itself to the ever-present debate on the philosophical groundings of Critical Regionalism from its generation in the early 80s of the last century to its present and undeniable actuality and force. This research acknowledges the original reasons and ideological perspective behind its inception and the contemporary critical readings of the same text in the light of new economic, environmental, political concerns and design challenges. While understanding some of the concerns and challenges that drove architectural production since the concept was coined, this research’s intention is to remain close to the essence of Critical Regionalism, which is to effectively understand the importance of a context while designing appropriate structures easily interpreted by visitors, and capable to generate coherent meaning-making within a specific setting. Finally, a new classification of museums is suggested on the basis of contextual relationships to the historic site and the involvement of dual modes of interpretation - ‘in situ’ and ‘in context’ - in order to overcome the existing dichotomy in the contribution and role of such museums. In addition, this study’s ambition is to provide some design and curatorship directions for architects, museographers, and policymakers in Bahrain and beyond