Soil Moisture Conditions and Crop Water Use

Soil moisture during the growing season is essential to obtain optimal yield. Optimal yield is affected by the availability of moisture as stored water in the soil profile or timely recharge during rain events. Soil texture, tillage practices, residue cover, drainage and weed control can play a significant role in soil moisture availability. Generally, the no-till system is the most effective practice in conserving soil moisture among other tillage systems, especially during dry periods in rain-fed agricultural areas

Short Corn and Variable Growth—2013

“Knee high by the fourth of July!” Some of us grew up with that old saying which either foreshadowed disaster or forecast bumper yields. If corn was knee high by the fourth, most thought it would mature before the first fall frost. That was good news! As we look back, the statement perhaps was valid back when the first target corn planting date was mid-May

Lapin Challenge Model for Laboratory Development of an Oral Carbohydrate Based Vi Vaccine for Typhoid

A vaccine seed strainVSS of Salmonella enterica serovar typhoid was elected from local isolates of human enteric fever.A cell free culture fitrate antigen was prepared from VSS  for in-vitro use.Vi antigen was separated,characterized from propagation of VSS in a suitable growth media.Incomplete Freund adjuvant IFA  was as immune preconditionar  and as immunostimlant.In three groups of rabbits each of five.First,saline control,second IFA preconditioned and the third was the  Vi-IFA combination in which,the vaccine specific immune priming protocol was IFA through SC route to one week only.Followed by and oral 3mg/5ml dosages in a week  a part for five weeks.Two to three days post to the sixth  week dose,live S.typhi challenge dose of1.5/10 to five was applied per  Os for the three groups.Saline  control group got clinical infection, IFA group has shown 80%  immune efficacy and the Vi-IFA group has shown 100% immune efficacy.Vi-IFA prototype experimental  vaccine formulation proved to be;pure,safe, immunogenic,non-allergenic and immune effective against experimental live  challenge.It induces humoral agglutinins , hem agglutinin and inhibits migration of leukocyte in capillary test.Confirmation of these findings in other nonhuman primate model is suggestive

Analysis of grape fruits and grape seed for their major , minor and trace elemental contact by XRF technique

Grapes and grape seeds are important samples employed for environmental medical studies . The air of this work was to identify and concentration calculation of the elements in grapes fruit and thier seeds by using X-Ray fluoresces technique (XRF) . Samples were collected from Abo Ghraib of Baghdad city ,the grape seeds were obtained from those samples . Both samples were taken under experimental procedure to obtain the sample which were ready for analysis . The samples were then submitted to experimental conditions using a radiation source and then samples were applied for counting analysis shows the elements Na , Mg , Al , Si , P , S , Cl , K , Ca , and Sr as major components of the samples. Fe , Sr , I , Ba and V were found an minor elements other elements Cr , Cu , Sn , Sb , Te gave a value of 5 – 10 ppm , Co , Ni , Rb , Ag ,Cd < 5 ppm for the samples of grape seeds . The analysis of grape seeds present Sr , Ca , K , Cl , S , Si , P as major components of the samples, and gave a values for Cr and Rb , Sn , Sb and Te (5 – 10 ppm) , while Co , Rb , Ni , Ag ,Cd (Less than 5 ppm)

Fluctuating rainfall as one of the important cause for desertification in Iraq

Desertification is regarded as one of the most problems over the entire world. There are many reasons lead to this problem. Climatic factors such (rainfall, temperature and evaporation) are some of them. Annual rainfall amount is one of the most important parameters that lead to desertification for this reason it chosen to achieve this research. In this paper rainfall data with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) to produce maps of Iraqi surface climate. In order to achieve this goal, the available data from a number of climate monitoring stations located on the surface of the country has been were adopted. The annual mean of rainfall for the period from 1990 to 2010 has been used. The Iraqi shape file map was used to overlay the results. The output of the research are presented in GIS maps that demonstrating the variation of rainfall over the study period for the monitoring climate stations

A proposed cloud-based billers hub using secured e-payments system

Automation of several payment processes from start to end is a challenging task, particularly when multiple payments from online and offline billers are involved. In this paper, we introduced a new aggregator system to combine all billing system types, in which it is possible to pay invoices electronically. The proposed aggregator system was designed to be employed in a cloud-based Billers Hub (CBBH) developed by the central banks. Furthermore, many applications can be realized such as; deposit e-money, withdrawal e-money, and other applications. A Gateway translator is used to apply authentication rules, security, and privacy. The proposed system was employed in the Jordanian payment gateway and successfully fulfills its purpose

Freezing crops and freezing soil

The first four days of May 2005 brought freezing temperatures to the northern Corn Belt. Warmer-than-usual April temperatures had prompted considerable early crop planting. The freeze was damaging to emerged corn and in a few cases to planted but not emerged corn and soybean. Damage to crops is not always immediately apparent. Frozen leaves become quickly obvious, but viability of the plant, and the potential for recovery with a minimal impact on ultimate yield, is often not evident for several days

Cellular location and activity of Escherichia coli RecG proteins shed light on the function of its structurally unresolved C-terminus

RecG is a DNA translocase encoded by most species of bacteria. The Escherichia coli protein targets branched DNA substrates and drives the unwinding and rewinding of DNA strands. Its ability to remodel replication forks and to genetically interact with PriA protein have led to the idea that it plays an important role in securing faithful genome duplication. Here we report that RecG co-localises with sites of DNA replication and identify conserved arginine and tryptophan residues near its C-terminus that are needed for this localisation. We establish that the extreme C-terminus, which is not resolved in the crystal structure, is vital for DNA unwinding but not for DNA binding. Substituting an alanine for a highly conserved tyrosine near the very end results in a substantial reduction in the ability to unwind replication fork and Holliday junction structures but has no effect on substrate affinity. Deleting or substituting the terminal alanine causes an even greater reduction in unwinding activity, which is somewhat surprising as this residue is not uniformly present in closely related RecG proteins. More significantly, the extreme C-terminal mutations have little effect on localisation. Mutations that do prevent localisation result in only a slight reduction in the capacity for DNA repair. © 2014 The Author(s)

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE HYBRID STEPPER MOTOR

This paper presents a high performance vector control approach of the current and speed for Hybrid Stepper Motor (HSM) to improve the dynamic performance of the motor. This is the basic advantage of stepper motors over other types of motors. The open loop controller shows a poor dynamic performance. The stepper motors are widely used in precise motions which is required a high dynamic. However, an open loop control is insufficient, so a closed loop control is required. The field oriented control will improve the dynamic performance of the stepper motor which becomes as a high- dynamic ac- servo. A design and implementation model of HSM using in MATLAB/ Simulink is given. The model is based on nonlinear equivalent circuits representing the operation of the motor. The simulation results of the HSM are compared with practical results of reference design kit (RDK) stepper motor, and a close agreement is noticed.