46 research outputs found
An Overview of Dye Wastewater and Its Treatment via Coagulation-Flocculation with Iron Chloride
The chapter discusses an overview of the removal of colour, COD, turbidity and TSS from dye wastewater using iron chloride as a coagulant in coagulation-flocculation process. This chapter explained dye wastewater definition and characteristics, dye wastewater treatment methods and factors that influence the coagulation-flocculation processes of dye wastewater treatment. The chapter also gives an explanation about various chemical coagulant used in dye wastewater treatment process and the efficiency of these coagulants
Characteristics of chicken slaughterhouse wastewater
The chicken slaughterhouse wastewater is a class of wastewater, which is heavily polluted with organic matters including proteins, blood residues, fats and lard. Therefore, the direct discharged of untreated chicken slaughterhouse wastewater into the environment is associated with the occurrence of eutrophication phenomenon. In the present study, the characteristics of chicken slaughterhouse wastewater were investigated to ascertain the role of these wastes in the adverse effect on the environment and natural water system. The parameter tested included biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), orthophosphate (PO4 3-), temperature and pH. The results revealed available high concentrations of BOD (1,341 - 1,821 ± 242.7 mg L1 ), COD (3,154.19 - 7,719.3 ± 2,282.69 mg L-1), TSS (377.67 - 5,462 ± 2,696.1 mg L-1) which have exceeded the EQA1974 standard limits for disposal of wastewater into the environment. The concentrations of TN (162.6 -563.8 ± 215 mg L-1) and PO4 3- (7.047 - 17.111 ± 4.25 mg L-1) were within the range required for microalgae growth which confirm their role in the occurrence of eutrophication phenomenon. It can be concluded that the direct discharge of chicken slaughterhouse wastewater contributes negatively on the environmental biodiversity and thus they should be subjected for an effective treated before the final disposal
Ciprofloxacin removal from non-clinical environment: A critical review of current methods and future trend prospects
Antibiotics in the environment represent a significant threat to global public health. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is one of
the second generation groups of synthetic fluoroquinolones and the most widely used antibiotics worldwide. The
current work aimed to review and analyze the current methods used for eliminating CIP and identify the ap�proaches for more advanced technologies that could provide more removal efficiency for CIP removal from the
non-clinical environment. The VOSviewer software tool was used to build and visualize bibliometric networks by
creating a map based on bibliographic data for keywords and most countries published on the CIP removal from
the Scopus database. The present review analyses the sustainable methods for removing CIP from the non-clinical
environment and highlights the most efficient techniques used to remove CIP. The adsorption process of CIP is
highly efficient, with a removal percentage of 95%. The microbial electrolysis ultraviolet cell (MEUC) procedure
removed 100% of CIP. The degradation of CIP by UV/H2O2/O3 and its sub-processes increased the degradation of
CIP from 41.2% to 98.5%. The photocatalytic degradation exhibit 92.81% removal of CIP from wastewater
samples. The three-dimensional (3D) porous graphene has excellent adsorption properties to eliminate CIP by
93% in water purification. Each method has advantages and disadvantages based on price, time and presence of
toxic by-products. This review is expected to serve as a base for recent research and assist researchers in
developing alternative CIP treatment approaches with more efficient removal methods
Photocatalytic degradation of disperse azo dyes in textile wastewater using green zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized in plant extract: A critical review
Textile wastewater comprises a complex mixture of chemical substances and dyes such as disperse dyes which
have a high potential as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Textile wastewater effluent contributes 20%
of the water pollution with a high contribution to environmental contamination, where about 50,000 tons/year
of dyes are dumped into the environment. The advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which includes photo�catalytic degradation (PD) using nanophotocatalysts, is a rising technology causing in completing the mineral�ization of the dyes, compared to traditional treatment techniques such as the absorption method, which transfers
the pollutants to other stages. Photolysis is capable of partially degrading 50 to 80% of micro-pollutants like dyes
using nanophotocatalysts. The literature indicates that about 70 to 80% of studies use photocatalysis using ZnO/
TiO2 as a photocatalyst in wastewater treatment. However, the photocatalysts used have limited potential for
removing dyes from textile wastewater. Thus, it is urgent to improve the ZnO NPs synthesis to maximize the PD
efficiency to degrading textile wastewater dyes. The present review focuses on exploring the efficiency and
mechanism of the photodegradation of textile wastewater dyes using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) syn�thesized in the plant extract. The highest photolysis efficiency was found at low dye concentrations and pH to
improve the initial operating parameters. Photolysis increases with increasing photocatalysis in the surface area
and with an optimum amount of photocatalyst. Furthermore, appropriate photoirradiation is also necessary to
conduct the photocatalytic process at room temperature
Pengaruh tahap stres terhadap kepuasan kerja dalam Kalangan pengajar kolej vokasional di Negeri Pahang
Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai pengaruh stres terhadap
kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan pengajar KV di negeri Pahang dengan memberikan
tumpuan kepada tiga aspek iaitu aspek beban kerja, aspek karenah pelajar serta aspek
penghargaan dan sokongan. Seramai 240 orang responden yang terdiri daripada
kalangan pengajar di lapan buah KV di negeri Pahang telah dipilih secara rawak
mudah. Nilai kebolehpercayaan Alpha Cronbach bagi keseluruhan soal selidik ini
ialah 0.898. Soal selidik berkaitan pengaruh stres terhadap kepuasan kerja dibina
sendiri dan selebihnya diubahsuai berpandukan instrumen yang digunakan oleh
penyelidik terdahulu bagi menyediakan pelbagai jenis soalan berdasarkan objektif
kajian. Kajian sebenar dijalankan dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik
mengandungi 58 item soalan kepada 240 responden. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis
menggunakan Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 22. Analisis
statistik deskriptif iaitu skor min dan sisihan piawai digunakan bagi mengenal pasti
tahap stres bagi aspek beban tugas, karenah pelajar serta penghargaan dan sokongan
dalam kalangan pengajar. Manakala analisis ujian regrasi pelbagai digunakan bagi
mengesan pengaruh stres terhadap kepuasan kerja. Dapatan kajian mendapati min
keseluruhan tahap stres bagi aspek beban tugas dan karenah pelajar adalah sederhana
dengan nilai skor min 3.49. Manakala hasil dapatan keseluruhan nilai min bagi
konstruk tahap stres aspek penghargaan dan sokongan berada pada tahap yang tinggi
iaitu 3.81. Dapatan analisis ujian regrasi pelbagai pula menunjukkan tahap stres bagi
aspek beban tugas, aspek karenah pelajar dan aspek penghargaan dan sokongan
mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja. Oleh itu, beberapa cadangan telah dikemukakan
dalam kajian ini dalam usaha menangani stres yang berterusan serta boleh
mempengaruhi tahap kepuasan kerja. Antara cadangan pengkaji adalah tenaga
pengajar diberi lebih banyak pendedahan berkaitan perubahan sistem pendidikan
vokasional yang dialami sekarang agar mereka lebih bersedia dalam menggalas tugas
yang baharu seterusmya akan memberi kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan pengajar KV
Identification of Fungi Isolated from Clinical Wastes
The distrubition of fungi in the hospitals wastes are coming from the clinical wastes specimens used for the disgnistic process. The aim of the present study was to identify the fungal isolates obtained from clinical wastes based on phenotype method. The fungal isolates were obtained by the direct plate method on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 28â—¦C for 7 to 14 days, therafter purified by single spore isolation. The cultural characteristics of the fungal isolates were described on different media, while the morphologies were observed using a light microscope. Eight fungal species from five genera were identified and included Curvularia Trichoderma spp. Rhizopus sp. Fusarium spp. Oidiodendron sp. These results indicated that the clinical wastes have a diversity of fungi which might possess health risk to humans if these fungi have not inactivated in the clinical wastes before the final disposal into the environment
Rainwater harvesting study at Masjid Jamek Riyahdus Solihin, Pintas Puding, Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia
Harvesting rainwater contribute towards a sustainable living. It eliminate the wastage and reduce the dependency
of potable water. The demand of potable water increases in accordance to the population. Rainwater harvesting
is capable to combat water crisis and serves as an alternative water resources during water shortage. The present
study proposed a rainwater harvesting system for the mosque and obtain the rainfall amount at study area. The
method used for designing the rainwater harvesting system is referred to MSMA 2nd Edition. The system is
consists of downpipe filter (4"/ Ø150 mm), Eaves gutter (16, 000 mm²) first flush diverter 150 mm (63 liter; 1.78
length) and: taper tank (600 liters). Rainfall data for study area was recorded by HOBO tipping rain gauge for
four months. Rainwater was calculated and harvested 116.7% yield to the water demand for the study area. The
rainfall for four months at the study area showed that the rainwater demand was sufficient to be collected and
used for the mosque activities. The highest rainfall data collected was 75.2 mm. This study would help to initiate
a starting point to create a green mosque concept into reality. Furthermore, this system applied the concept of
green building that create environmental friendly surrounding as a stepping stone to educate and at the same time
save the environment and minimize the energy wastage
Significance Impact of Seafood Processing Wastewater Effluent
Seafood is one of the high food demands in Malaysia as it obtained 15% of the protein which required food dietary hierarchy. According to the Fisheries Department of Malaysia (DOF), approximately 5% of fisheries production is increased each year since 2013. Therefore, this chapter provides insights into a range of aspects associated with the statistics of seafood production, method of seafood processing, impact of improper discharge, criteria, chemical characteristics of the seafood processing wastewater, standard regulation of seafood processing discharge and previous studies on seafood processing wastewater treatment. Therefore, it improved the awareness towards the untreated of seafood processing wastewater
Microbial fuel cell systems; developments, designs, efficiencies, and trends: A comparative study between the conventional and innovative systems
The microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has appeared in the late 20th century and received considerable
attention over the last decade due to its multiple and unique potential in converting the substrates into electricity
and valuable productions. Extensive efforts have been paid to improve the MFCs performance, leading to the
publication of a massive amount of research that developed various aspects of these systems. Most of these
improvements have focused on optimization parameters, which is currently inappropriate to provide an inno�vational developing vision for MFC systems. The convergent results in most of the previous conventional studies
(12,643 studies according to the WOS database) have reduced the value of MFCs by drawing an incomplete
image for the performance of the systems. Therefore, this paper aimed to provide a comprehensive comparison
between the highly reliable studies that innovatively developed the MFC systems and the conventional MFCs
studies. The current paper discusses the novel MFCs development history, designs, efficiency, and challenges
compared to conventional MFCs. The discussion has displayed the high efficiency of the novel MFCs in removing
over 90% of substrates and generating power of 800 mW m− 2
. The paper also analyzed the literature trends,
history and suggested recommendations for future studies. This is the first paper highlighting the substantial differences between the innovative and conventional MFC systems, nominating it to be a vital reference for novel
MFCs studies in the future
A cognitive task approach on the influence of office automation software in secretarial practice
Inefficiency in secretarial services in the application of office automation software has been of great concern to both secretaries and their employers. This inefficiency causes unnecessary delays in information processing and dissemination in the organization. The problem is rooted from the secretaries’ lacking in appropriate application of cognitive skills, proficiency in information handling as well as working experiences, and these establish the problem statement of the study. One of the important gaps this study has bridged is establishing the key elements that can assist the secretaries to perform their office tasks effectively. Efforts made to identify similar studies on secretaries’ profession were to no avail perhaps due to its non-availability or absence. It was discovered that the secretary’s level of applying perception and attention during working hours is extremely limited which contributed to poor or slow pace of service delivery. The objectives of this study are to explore the secretaries office automation software cognitive task, to investigate elements of office automation software cognitive tasks that influence secretarial practice and to investigate how office automation software supports the secretaries in the execution of tasks. Snowballing sampling was used to identify participants who have fulfilled a criterion set out in the study. Therefore, twelve (12) UTHM secretarial staff who are using office automation software in their office duties were chosen to participate in the study. The study employs qualitative method, thus interviews were carried out to collect data. Thematic data analysis was done using card index. Findings revealed that the secretaries need short and long term training in order to be relevant in their working places as well as to be updated in the use of office automation software. Further results revealed that office automation software supports the secretaries in the execution of cognitive tasks. The result also revealed the development of components of office automation software cognitive tasks in secretarial practice. These components were used by the secretaries in the execution of tasks such as word processing, scheduling of appointments and other secretarial duties. Another important finding revealed that, technology has changed the working environment of the secretaries which has made it imperative for them to continue using office automation software in the execution of their tasks. This has brought the idea of how office automation software supports the secretaries in the execution of their office tasks