Innovative Baggage Delivery Services In Future air transport networks

Airports must accommodate ever increasing passenger numbers while offering a wide range of services. The services are provided through different facilities and processes creat-ing a complex ecosystem of mutually dependent activities. Airport terminals are large-size multi-stakeholder buildings with innovative designs. The complex management of all air-port operations requires proper recognition of all relationships among many stakeholders. The overarching aim of the management and design efforts so to provide high level of passenger satisfaction, and at the same time, to ensure smooth operations with minimum delays. The demands to accommodate increases in passenger numbers drive the need for expanding the capacity of airport and for using the resources and infrastructure more ef-ficiently. The imbalance between the services demand and the available capacity creates congestion problems at different service points throughout the airport. Unlike many other previous works addressing mainly the airport capacity and congestion related to the num-ber of aircraft and flights it is able to serve at any one time, our work is concerned with passenger services, and specifically with baggage delivery. More specifically, the concept of dissociating passenger travel from baggage delivery is introduced and evaluated from several different perspectives. The baggage dissociation can help to improve the passenger air travel experience, make public transport to airport more viable option, and thus, reduce ground-side congestion at airports with reduced CO2 emissions, use existing airport capaci-ty more efficiently while reducing footprint of new airports, optimize monetization of cargo and baggage delivery, elevate the value of non-hub airports, and exploit the new aircraft designs to name a few. It can be argued that innovations in baggage delivery will be man-datory in order to meet the future passenger demands. However, despite these significant drivers, at present, there are still many regulatory and infrastructure challenges which have to be overcome before baggage dissociation can become reality. This thesis contributes sev-eral studies towards feasibility of the baggage dissociation, two ways have been presented to pave the way for the baggage dissociation the new baggage delivery networks and the Satellite terminals (Off-Airport terminals)

Analysis of LTE physical channels overhead

LTE Network is the common mobile technology these days around the world and all service providers seek to how improve the network capacity and deliver the best performance in terms of delivered data rates and coverage area. LTE network consists of many protocols that work together to establish network connectivity, these protocols add variable headers that contains many control information that the network needs to operate. At the same time these headers decrease the effective capacity of the network, so there is a need to optimize the overhead size that used in various channels. The study will illustrate the different overheads that effect on the network capacity and investigate the effect of different values on achieving the best network capacity

Effects of Antioxidants on Copper Induced Lipid Oxidation During Salting of Grass Carp(Ctenopharygodon idella) Fillets Under Refrigerated Storage

This study was aimed to investigate of the effects of ascorbic acid, citric acid and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid EDTA with copper in the brine on lipid oxidation of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets during 15 days of refrigeration storage. In this study traditional ascorbic acid, citric acid and EDTA solutions (10, 30 ppm) respectively with copper (5ppm) were considered as treatments. Rancidity development was measured by several biochemical indicators including peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid. Also pH expressible moisture NaCl and copper content were measured during 15 days storage. Results showed that primary and secondary oxidation products of control samples were significantly higher than those in other treatments (p<0.05). Also, expressible moisture and pH value of treated sample were showed significant difference during storage. Results showed that all three treatments had significant effect on delaying lipid oxidation (p<0.05) but using of EDTA had the best effect on delaying lipid oxidation and increasing shelf-life of fillets (p<0.05) when similar concentration (10, 30 ppm) of EDTA, ascorbic acid and citric acid were included with 5 ppm copper in the bring EDTA was the antioxidant that effectly inhibited copper-induced lipid oxidation. Key words: Citric acid , EDTA, Ascorbic acid , grass carp, lipid oxidation , copper (11) catalysis

Baggage dissociation for sustainable air travel: Design study of ground baggage distribution networks

Dissociation of passenger travel from baggage delivery has been proposed as one of the radical innovations in future air travel. This concept is still relatively new and largely unexplored, so there are many issues that need to be resolved. For instance, a complete end-to-end baggage dissociation will require the ground distribution networks to deliver passenger luggage to and from the departing and arriving airports. This paper proposes to design such networks as the existing parcel delivery networks. In particular, baggage sorting centers (BSCs) can serve as local hubs for creasing a scalable, multi-level topology of the delivery network in order to manage baggage flows in a given geographical area around the selected airports. Assuming the population density as a proxy for estimating the baggage delivery service demands, the optimum locations of BSCs are determined by formulating and solving the standard p-median and the maximal covering location problems. The numerical results were obtained for Greater London, and also for the whole UK assuming all its major civilian airports. The Greater London area could be served by 36 BSCs to achieve a full service coverage. The 90% service coverage of the whole UK can be achieved by about the same number of BSCs, provided that the coverage distance is increased. In practice, the actual number of required BSCs crucially depends on the operational and capital costs, and the maximum processing capacity of each BSC. These findings have direct implications on the long-term planning and innovations in future air transport

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene on Cu-Ni Alloys: The Impact of Carbon Solubility

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-07-20, pub-electronic 2021-07-26Publication status: PublishedFunder: The university of Technology; Grant(s): N/AChemical vapour deposition (CVD) is the most promising graphene synthesis route for film and electronic applications but the growth mechanism is still not fully understood. Herein, we investigate the role of the solubility of carbon in the underlying growth substrate on the CVD growth of graphene. A range of Cu-Ni alloys compositions that cover the carbon (C) solubility range between low C solubility (pure Cu) and high C solubility (pure Ni) were used as the catalytic growth substrates. The CVD of graphene on Cu-Ni alloys showed a transition from bilayer graphene (BLG) to few-layer graphene (FLG) at a substrate Ni concentration of 45 wt.%, which was attributed to an increase in the bulk diffusion of C. The Cu-rich alloys had a high graphene coverage (BLG) at a fast-cooling rate (367 °C/min), while the Ni-rich alloys had a low coverage (FLG) under the same cooling condition. In contrast, at slow cooling rates (27 °C/min), the Cu-rich alloys had a low coverage of graphene (BLG) and the Ni-rich alloys had a high coverage of graphene (FLG). Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) was used to profile the subsurface composition, particularly the C concentration, as a function of depth

Fatty Acids Composition by (GC-MS) and Most Important Physical Chemicals Parameters of Seed Oil Pomegranate and Grape Seeds

Physical and chemical characteristics of Pomegranate and Grape seeds oil and fatty acids their oils were determined. It was found that the Pomegranate seed oil 13.%  and Grape seed oil 12.  % .Physicochemical parameters of the extracted oils were respectively as follow: refractive index (1.51 and 1.46),acid value( 0.68 and 0.62 mg/KOH/g ), peroxide value( 1.27 and 3.11 meq O2 /kg oil), iodine value (130.2 and 124. 33 (g I2/100 g oil), saponification value ( 198 and 182  mg KOH/ g oil), chlorophylls( 4.35 and 5.61 mg/kg), carotene (3.23 and 3.87 mg/kg). Specific extinctions at two wavelengths of 232 nm (K232) and 270 nm (K270) and R-value (K232/K270) were found in Pomegranate and Grape seeds oil (2.15, 2.10, 1.45, 0.79, 0.67 and 0.37respectively. For the fatty acid content in these oils, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used. The constituents of fatty acids in Pomegranate seed oil were: Punicic acid (77.37%) , Oleic acid (7.36%) , Elaidic acid (6.87 %  ), Margaric acid (3.86 %) ,  Stearic acid, methyl e (0.60 %) , Linoleic acid (0.08 %) ,  Lignoceric acid (0.07%) , Palmitic acid (0.03%) . for   Grape seed oil,  the found fatty acids were: ,  Oleic acid (16.98%)  ,  Palmitic acid (12.09%) , Stearic acid (8.85%) ,  Palmitoleic acid (0.28%) , Myristic acid, (0.21%) , Azelaaldehydic acid ( 0.12%) , Margaric acid (0.11%) , Lauric acid ( 0.05%) , Pentadecanoic acid (0.03%) Saturated lauric acid o.11%, Palmitic acid: o.42%, Stearic acid 46.93%. Keywords: GC MS , Physicochemical properties, Pomegranate, Grape,  oi

Cascade networks model to predict the crude oil prices in Iraq

Oil prices are inherently volatile, and they used to suffer from many fluctuations and changes. Therefore, oil prices prediction is the subject of many studies in the field, some researchers concentrated on the key factors that could influence the prediction accuracy, while the others focused on designing models that forecast the prices with high accuracy. To help the institutions and companies to hedge against any sudden changes and develop right decisions that support the global economy, in this project the concept of cascade networks model to predict the crude oil prices has been adopted, that can be considered relatively as new initiative in the field. The model is used to predict the Iraqi oil prices since as its commonly known that the economy in Iraq is totally depend on oil. Therefore, it is vital to develop a better perception about the crude oil price dynamics because its volatility can cause a sudden economic crisis

Combined ANFIS–wavelet technique to improve the estimation accuracy of the power output of neighboring PV systems during cloud events

The short-term variability of photovoltaic (PV) system-generated power due to ambient conditions, such as passing clouds, represents a key challenge for network planners and operators. Such variability can be reduced using a geographical smoothing technique based on installing multiple PV systems over certain locations at distances of meters to kilometers. To accurately estimate the PV system’s generated power during cloud events, a variability reduction index (VRI), which is a function of several parameters, should be calculated precisely. In this paper, the Wavelet Transform Technique (WTT) along with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are used to develop new models to estimate the PV system’s power output during cloud events. In this context, irradiance data collected from one PV system along with other parameters, including ambient conditions, were used to develop the proposed models. Ultimately, the models were validated through their application on a 0.7 km2 PV plant with 16 rooftop PV systems in Brisbane, Australia

Green Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Surfactant Compounds by Multicomponent Reactions and Their Antibacterial and Corrosion Inhibitor, Study on Carbon Steel Alloy in Acid Media 2 M HCl

Heterocyclic 1,4-di(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)benzene (D) and two heterocyclic-cationic Gemini surfactant 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(5-decyl-1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-ium)bromide (E) and 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(5-tetradecyl-1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-ium)bromide (F) were prepared and identified by FTIR, 1H-NMR spectroscopies, and GC–MS. Then, they were tested as corrosion inhibitors against carbon steel corrosion in 2.0 M aggressive HCl medium at 25 and 50 °C. They have different carbon chain tails, i.e., E (10 carbons), and F (14 carbons). These new heterocyclic and surfactant categories as corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion process has been studied electrochemically (Tafel Plot). The inhibition efficiency clarified that the decrease in IE(%) is in the order of F > E > D. The biological activity of compounds D and F was investigated using the aforementioned drilling procedure with a cork drill. At a dosage of 3000 mcg/mL, the biological action of compound D demonstrated effective resistance against the two types of negative bacteria. The cation has a diameter of 20 mm against E. coli and 19 mm against S. epidermis bacteria. At the same concentration, the chemical F is solely effective against E. coli with an inhibition diameter of 14 mm

Closed midshaft clavicle fractures : an evidence-based triage management algorithm.

AIMS: The management of mid-shaft clavicle fractures (MSCFs) has evolved over the last three decades. Controversy exists over which specific fracture patterns to treat and when. This review aims to synthesize the literature in order to formulate an appropriate management algorithm for these injuries in both adolescents and adults. METHODS: This is a systematic review of clinical studies comparing the outcomes of operative and nonoperative treatments for MSCFs in the past 15 years. The literature was searched using, PubMed, Google scholar, OVID Medline, and Embase. All databases were searched with identical search terms: mid-shaft clavicle fractures (± fixation) (± nonoperative). RESULTS: Using the search criteria identified, 247 studies were deemed eligible. Following initial screening, 220 studies were excluded on the basis that they were duplicates and/or irrelevant to the research question being posed. A total of 27 full-text articles remained and were included in the final review. The majority of the meta-analyses draw the same conclusions, which are that operatively treated fractures have lower nonunion and malunion rates but that, in those fractures which unite (either operative or nonoperative), the functional outcomes are the same at six months. CONCLUSION: With regard to the adolescent population, the existing body of evidence is insufficient to support the use of routine operative management. Regarding adult fractures, the key to identifying patients who benefit from operative management lies in the identification of risk factors for nonunion. We present an algorithm that can be used to guide both the patient and the surgeon in a joint decision-making process, in order to optimize patient satisfaction and outcomes.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(11):850-858