Effect of Ethanolamine and Ethylamine on the Entropy Content of the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid Solution

The influence of ethanolamine and ethylamine on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel in 1M H2SO4 solution was investigated at room temperature (25oC) by weight loss method. Results obtained show that the compounds are better inhibitors at low concentrations (<0.3M). From the decreasing weights of the metal over time, the concentrations of the metal was evaluated and plots of logarithm of the concentration of metal versus time as well as Erying-type equations facilitated the access of thermodynamic parameters such as equilibrium constant (k), enthalpy (?H*) and entropy (?S*) of the corrosion process. The entropy of the aggressive ions was found to have reduced on introduction of the inhibitors into the corrodent medium. Attempt to correlate the molecular structures of the inhibitors to the mechanism of inhibition was made. Keywords: corrosion inhibition, mild steel, ethanolamine, ethylamin

Comparative assessment of wetland and coastal plain soils in Calabar, Cross River State

The comparative assessment of wetland and coastal plain soils for agricultural productivity were studied. The investigation was carried out in two areas: Atimbo and Obufa Esuk in Calabar, Cross River State. The dominant particle size in bothcoastal and wetland soil was sandy texture. The mean bulk density values of 1.35 g/cm3 and 1.30 g/cm3 were obtained for Atimbo and Obufa Esuk coastal plain soil while 1.33 g/cm3 and 1.30 g/cm3 were obtained for Atimbo and Obufa Esuk wetland soil respectively. Total porosity in wetland soils was lower than coastal plain soil whereas moisture content in wetland soil was higher than coastal plain soil. Except Ap horizon in Atimbo coastal plain soil, the pH observed for the studied soils were all below pH of 5.0 unit which signifies high acidic condition. The mean organic carbon content in coastal plain soil was lower than wetland soil. Available phosphorus in the studied soils were high with Atimbo and Obufa Esuk coastal plain soil having a mean value of 32.10 and 32.42 mg/kg respectively, whereas those in Atimbo and Obufa Esuk wetland soils were 32.73 and 33.88 mg/kg respectively. The exchangeable calcium content obtained for both coastal and wetland soils were all below the critical limit of 5.0 cmolkg-1. Although exchangeable magnesium content was low in both soils but wetland soils was only slightly below the critical value of 1.5cmol/kg when compared to coastal plain soil. Both wetland and coastal plain soils were below (>0.2 cmolkg-1) critical level of K in soils of the zone. Also, exchangeable Na in both soil were low and below 0.3 cmol/kg limit and are adequate for cultivation of arable and tree crops. ECEC in both soils were low whereas percent base saturation was high. The mean C:N ratio in Atimbo and Obufa Esuk coastal plain soil were 11.45 and 15.48 respectively. Comparatively, the C:N ratio in Atimbo and Obufa Esuk wetland soils was slightly higher having a mean value of 16.39 and 18.14 respectively. This also reflect low rate of decomposition because of anaerobic condition of the soil. The Mg:K ratio were low in both soils. The Ca:Mg ratio values were high in wetland soil when compared with a normal range of 3:1-5:1 for productive soils and was low for coastal plain soil. Per cent silt content, moisture content, and exchangeable sodium of soil sample analyzed from wetland and coastal plain soil in Atimbo were significantly different (p<0.05). The result of the studied soils indicated that coastal plain soil is already losing its fertility status as typified by low values of organic carbon, total nitrogen, Exchangeable cations and high acidity couple with low moisture content; hence there is need to harnessed wetland soil for crop productivity. Wetland soils could be exploited for the cultivation of rice, oil palm, coconut, plantain, pineapple and sugar cane with judicious application of lime, and N and K fertilizers since these crops can perform well under acidic condition.Keywords: Wetland soil, coastal plain soil, soil fertility, soil propertie

EFFECT OF GRADED DOSES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF GARCINA KOLA SEEDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS

This study on the effects of graded doses of aqueous extract of Garcina kola seeds on growth performance and haematological response of broiler chicks was carried out to investigate the effects of different dosage regimen of the extract on growth performance and haematological indices of body homeostasis. A total of 30 broilers Chicks of anak 2000 strain were assigned into 3 treatment groups of ten birds each. Group A (control) received 0.0ml of aqueous extract of Garcina kola seeds / kg body mass of bird. Group B and C received1.0 and 2.0 ml extract of Garcina kola seeds per kilogram body mass of birds. The growth performance indices of feed consumption, live body mass were taken on weekly basis while dressed body mass and selected organs mass were taken at the end of experiment. Uncoagulated blood was collected 12 h post treatment. The result obtained showed a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent reduction in growth performance whereas there were no significant (p<0.05) changes in haematological indices of body homeostasis except for percentage parked cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, eosinophils, lymphocyte and monocyte (agranulocyte) counts which revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase at both doses. The above findings imply that aqueous extract of Garcinia kola seeds should not be used above 0.5ml (100mg/kg) body mass even for medicinal purposes in broilers

Discriminant function for classification of genuine and counterfeit naira notes

The aim of this work was to construct a model for the detection of counterfeit and genuine naira currency in Nigeria. Measurements based on three variables (mass, thickness and tensile stress) were obtained from twenty pieces of fake and genuine ₦1000 notes. A derivation of the appropriate measure of the separation of the two groups was made. Discriminant analysis technique was used to construct a discriminant function. Test for the significance of differences between the mean values of the variables for each of the two groups (counterfeit and genuine) of the ₦1000 notes was also carried out. Findings of the research revealed that the naira notes are to be classified as counterfeit or genuine according to the model: Z = 440.3007X - 858.8366Y + 147.5228Z such that  Z &gt; Z0 where Z0 is the end point of classification. Hotelling’s T2 and Mahalanobis quantity were also computed. The test result showed that differences between the counterfeit and genuine naira notes in the mean values of mass (X), thickness (Y) and tensile stress (Z) are significant.Keywords: Mass, thickness, tensile stress, Hotelling’s T2 and Mahalanobis quantit