Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Serum Prolactin Levels in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica, and Clinically Isolated Syndrome Patients

Introduction: Prolactin has been discussed as a factor likely to play a mediating role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aim was to investigate the possible association between prolactin production and clinical features of autoimmune demyelinating central nervous system disorders

Bipolar disorder patients display reduced serum complement levels and elevated peripheral blood complement expression levels

ObjectiveBipolar disorder (BD) patients have recently been shown to exhibit increased proinflammatory cytokine levels indicating the role of inflammation in this disease. As inflammatory responses often include complement level alterations and complement production is influenced by cytokines, we aimed to find out whether complement system is activated in BD in a time-dependent manner and complement factors are involved in BD pathogenesis.MethodsSerum C4, factor B, sC5b-9 and neuron-specific enolase levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cell messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of C1q, C4, factor B and CD55 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in chronic BD patients (n=22), first episode BD patients (n=24) and healthy controls (n=19).ResultsSerum complement levels were significantly reduced in chronic BD patients as compared with first episode BD patients and healthy controls. Serum levels of complement factors showed significant inverse correlation with disease duration, severity of manic symptoms and serum neuron-specific enolase levels. In chronic BD patients, peripheral blood mononuclear cell mRNA expression levels of C1q, C4 and factor B were significantly elevated, whereas the mRNA expression level of the complement inhibitor CD55 was significantly reduced.ConclusionsOur results suggest that complement factor levels are reduced in BD presumably due to overconsumption of the complement system and complement production is increased at mRNA level possibly as a compensation measure. Complement factors might potentially be used as indicators of disease severity, neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction

Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in Patients with Early-Stage and Chronic Bipolar Disorder

Objective: The increase in the circulatory cytokine levels observed in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) may imply involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. However, the association between the inflammatory process and the stage and severity of illness is not well understood. In this study, our aim was to investigate the association between neuroinflammation and disease progression in the clinical course of BD

Tissue distribution and cellular localization of gold nanocarriers with bound oligonucleotides

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine how the addition of a DNA oligonucleotide cargo to 3-nm gold glyconanoparticles would affect tissue distribution. Methods: Gold glyconanoparticles with 1–6 covalently bound oligonucleotides (40 nt dsDNA) were injected into rats and allowed to circulate for 10 min. Organs were harvested and gold quantitated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cellular localization of the nanocarriers was determined by electron microscopy. Results and Conclusion: Addition of DNA cargo to the nanocarriers prevented localization in the kidney but increased localization in liver hepatocytes and splenic macrophages. There was no significant change in heart, lung or brain. DNA increases the size and adds a strong negative charge to the nanoparticles, which radically affects tissue distribution

Investigation of the effects of systemic meperidine administration on fascia healing in an experimental rat model.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of meperidine on fascial healing

Reduced Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell ROCK1 and ROCK2 Levels in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Background/Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with intermittent episodes of hypoxia, endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular problems. Our aim was to investigate whether OSAS-related hypoxia alters the expression of rhoassociated protein kinase (ROCK), a marker of chronic hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction. Materials and Methods: ROCK1 and ROCK2 levels were measured by immunoblotting in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 47 OSAS patients and 17 healthy controls. Results: OSAS patients showed significantly lower PBMC ROCK1 and ROCK2 levels than healthy controls in the morning, but not in the evening. ROCK1/2 levels were correlated with blood triglyceride, visceral adiposity index, minimum oxygen saturation, C-reactive protein concentration, lymphocyte levels and sleep efficiency. Conclusion: Intermittent hypoxia induced by OSAS does not permanently alter ROCK protein expression levels. OSAS appears to be associated with endothelial dysfunction through inflammation and lipid metabolism pathways