Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas

With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them.</jats:p

Study on the Characterization and Classification of Fly Ash Samples Obtained Locally

The excavation of soil for various construction purposes, such as road construction, earth dam construction, soil stabilization, and backfill material, raises significant concerns as it takes thousands of years for natural topsoil to form. This excavation often leads to deforestation, which negatively impacts biodiversity. To address these issues, industrial waste materials like fly ash and slag can be effectively utilized as alternatives to natural soil. The sustainable utilization of fly ash is particularly important for thermal power stations, as large-scale usage in geotechnical construction projects can reduce the challenges associated with its disposal. However, since the properties of fly ash can vary depending on its source, it is crucial to assess the variability of these properties before using fly ash as a construction material. In this study, four different fly ashes from local thermal power plants were examined through various geotechnical laboratory experiments to determine their properties. The results obtained from these experiments were then compared with existing literature on fly ash properties. The study identified the optimum lime content required for achieving a desirable unconfined compressive strength, which was found to depend on the specific source of fly ash. Using an existing classification scheme for fly ash, it was observed that all four fly ashes belonged to the same class. However, significant variations in their properties were noted. The experimental results also indicated that the strength, cohesion, and friction of fly ash could be improved by stabilizing it with lime. Nevertheless, the strength values and the degree of improvement differed noticeably among the four fly ashes. Therefore, it is necessary to consider an alternative classification scheme for fly ash when utilizing it as a fill and embankment material in order to ensure its effective utilization

Stereomicroscopic evaluation of sealing ability of four different root canal sealers: an in-vitro study

Abstract Aim To compare and evaluate the sealing ability of four different commercially available sealers to provide seal against the dye penetration test using a stereomicroscope-an in-vitro study. Material/Method 80 extracted single rooted mandibular premolar with single canal were used in this study. The samples were divided in 4 groups (20 in each) based on sealer. Group I (Diaproseal), Group II (apexit Plus), Group III (MTA Fillapex) and Group IV (Bio-C). The samples were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and data analysis was done with one-way Anova And post hoc Tukey’s test. Result The mean dye penetration score was 1.2400 ± 0.778 mm for Group I. 2.6000 ± 0.897 mm for Group II, 4.2000 ± 0.923 mm for Group III and 4.225 ± 2.055 mm for Group IV. One-way Anova analysis shows that intergroup comparison was statistically significant between the four groups. The post hoc Tukey’s test reveals that the difference was statistically non-significant between group III and group IV. Conclusion It was concluded that between the four groups the Group I (Diaproseal) showed the least dye penetration followed by Group II (Apexit Pus), Group III (MTA Fillapex) and then Group IV (Bio-C), where there was no significant difference between the Group III (MTA Fillapex) and Group IV (Bio-C)

Double-armed and tetra-armed cyclen-based cryptands

<p>Double-armed and tetra-armed cyclen-based cryptands (<b>1a</b>–<b>1d</b> and <b>2</b>) that bridge two aromatic rings by diethyleneoxy and triethyleneoxy units were prepared. The CSI-MS of 1:1 mixtures ([Ag⁺]/[ligand]) indicated that these new cryptands form 1:1 complexes with Ag⁺. The log <i>K</i> values for the interaction between Ag⁺ and <b>2</b> was greater than those of <b>1a</b>–<b>1d</b>, double-armed cyclens (<b>3a</b>–<b>3c</b> and <b>4</b>), and tetra-armed cyclen (<b>5</b>). The Ag⁺-ion-induced ¹H NMR spectral changes suggest that the Ag⁺–<i>π</i> interactions of the Ag⁺ complexes with the cryptands (<b>1a</b>–<b>1d</b> and <b>2</b>) are stronger than those in Ag⁺/double-armed and tetra-armed cyclens. To visualise the Ag⁺−<i>π</i> interactions, the isosurfaces of the LUMO and HOMOs of the Ag⁺ complexes were calculated at the B3LYP/3–21G(*) theoretical level. The LUMO of the Ag⁺ ion is distorted by interaction with the HOMOs of the aromatic side arms. The calculations reveal Ag⁺−<i>π</i> interactions between the Ag⁺ ion and the aromatic side arms, and these are shown graphically.</p

Double-armed and tetra-armed cyclen-based cryptands

<p>Double-armed and tetra-armed cyclen-based cryptands (<b>1a</b>–<b>1d</b> and <b>2</b>) that bridge two aromatic rings by diethyleneoxy and triethyleneoxy units were prepared. The CSI-MS of 1:1 mixtures ([Ag⁺]/[ligand]) indicated that these new cryptands form 1:1 complexes with Ag⁺. The log <i>K</i> values for the interaction between Ag⁺ and <b>2</b> was greater than those of <b>1a</b>–<b>1d</b>, double-armed cyclens (<b>3a</b>–<b>3c</b> and <b>4</b>), and tetra-armed cyclen (<b>5</b>). The Ag⁺-ion-induced ¹H NMR spectral changes suggest that the Ag⁺–<i>π</i> interactions of the Ag⁺ complexes with the cryptands (<b>1a</b>–<b>1d</b> and <b>2</b>) are stronger than those in Ag⁺/double-armed and tetra-armed cyclens. To visualise the Ag⁺−<i>π</i> interactions, the isosurfaces of the LUMO and HOMOs of the Ag⁺ complexes were calculated at the B3LYP/3–21G(*) theoretical level. The LUMO of the Ag⁺ ion is distorted by interaction with the HOMOs of the aromatic side arms. The calculations reveal Ag⁺−<i>π</i> interactions between the Ag⁺ ion and the aromatic side arms, and these are shown graphically.</p

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Not AvailableLength-weight relationship and condition factor in 57 freshwater fish species of 19 families and 38 genera from various rivers, and lakes of different climatic zones in India were studied. The estimates (total 67) for the parameter b of the length-weight relationship ranged between 1.422 and 3.917, with a mean value of 2.994. Correlation coefficient was found to be highly significant (r2 >0.90) in all except for Crossocheilus latius latius, Acanthocobitis botia and Garra lamta. Growth was found to be isometric (b = 3) in 32 species, positively allometric (b>3) in 21 species and negatively allometric (b<3) in 14 species. It was also found that some species exhibited variations in their growth pattern in different habitats, which showed the influence of preference and availability of suitable habitat conditions.NAIP-GEF (National Agricultural Innovative Projects-Global Environment Fund), New Delhi, India, for providing financial assistance

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Not AvailableThe present study was conducted to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of crossbred pigs in response to CSF vaccination on 7 and 21 days of post vaccination as compared to unvaccinated control (0 dpv). Simultaneously, set of miRNA was predicted using mRNA seq data at same time point. The proportion of CD4(-)CD8( + ) and CD4( + )CD8( + ) increased after vaccination, and the mean percentage inhibition was 86.89% at 21 dpv. It was observed that 22 miRNAs were commonly expressed on both the time points. Out of predicted DE miRNAs, it was found that 40 and 35 DE miRNAs were common, obtained from miRNA seq analysis and predicted using mRNA seq data on 7 dpv versus 0 dpv and 21 dpv versus 0 dpv respectively. Two DE miRNAs, ssc-miR-22-5p and ssc-miR-27b-5p, were selected based on their log(2) fold change and functions of their target genes in immune process/pathway of viral infections. The validations of DE miRNAs using qRT-PCR were in concordance with miRNA seq analysis. Two set of target genes, CD40 and SWAP70 (target gene of ssc-miR-22-5p) and TLR4 and Lyn (target gene of ssc-miR-27b-5p), were validated and were in concordance with results of RNA seq analysis at a particular time point (except TLR4). The first report of genome-wide identification of differentially expressed miRNA in response to live attenuated vaccine virus of classical swine fever revealed miR-22-5p and miR-27b-5p were differentially expressed at 7 dpv and 21 dpv.CABIN project of IASRI; SubDIC (BTISnet), ICAR-IVR