Učinak uporabe adsorbensa toksina na učinkovitost rasta tovnih pilića

Raw material mixtures in compound feeds may increase the risk of contamination with different mycotoxins, and their intake can lead to interactive toxic effects. As a result, there is a growing awareness of the risks posed to human and animal health by the presence of toxins produced by fungi in food and diet. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the use of a mycotoxin binder (Micotec) on zootechnical performance in broilers. For this purpose, 3000 day-old chicks of the Arbor acres strain originating from the same hatchery were weighed and distributed equally into six groups [one control (C) and five experimental (Exp), as five repetitions receiving the mycotoxin binder Micotec at a dose of 0.1 kg]. All subjects (control and experimental groups) were fed a standard staple food suitable for each phase of rearing. The results showed significant differences between the experimental groups and the control one. The best zootechnical performances were recorded in experimental groups receiving the mycotoxin binder, compared to the control. The average weight in the finishing phase for the experimental groups was 3083.6 ± 140.7 g/subject, which was higher than the control group (2800 g/subject) (P<0.05). The consumption index was 1.62 ± 0.08% in the experimental groups, which was 1.84% higher than in chicks of the control group, positively impacting the profitability of breeding. In addition, a lower mortality rate was recorded in the experimental groups than the control (3.01 ± 0.08% vs 7.78%). According to these results, Micotec appears to be a promising additive in improving the zootechnical performance of broilers by adsorbing several types of mycotoxins and reducing their toxic power to ensure safe feed for animals and minimise economic losses caused by these contaminants.Mješavina različitih sirovina u krmnim smjesama može povećati rizik od kontaminacije s nekoliko mikotoksina, a njihov unos može dovesti do interaktivnih toksičnih učinaka. Kao rezultat, zbog prisutnosti toksina koje proizvode gljivice u hrani i prehrani postoji sve veća svijest o rizicima za zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Cilj je ove studije bio procijeniti učinak uporabe sredstva za vezivanje mikotoksina (Micotec) na zootehničku učinkovitost u tovnih pilića. U tu je svrhu, tri tisuće (3000) pilića soja Arbor acres starih jedan dan iz iste valionice izvagano je i homogeno podijeljeno u 6 skupina (1 kontrolna (C) i 5 eksperimentalnih (Exp) koje su uključivale 5 ponavljanja primanja sredstva za vezivanje mikotoksina Micotec) u dozi od 0,1 kg. Svi pilići i iz kontrole i iz eksperimentalnih skupina hranjeni su standardnom osnovnom hranom prikladnom za svaku fazu uzgoja. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su značajne razlike između eksperimentalnih skupina i kontrolne skupine. Naime, bolja zootehnička učinkovitost u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom zabilježena je u eksperimentalnim skupinama koje su primale sredstvo za vezivanje mikotoksina. Prosječna masa u završnoj fazi za eksperimentalne skupine bila je 3083,6 ± 140,65 g / piliću što je više u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom (2800 g / piliću) (P<0,05). Osim toga, indeks potrošnje bio je 1,62 % ± 0,078 u eksperimentalnim skupinama što je bolje u usporedbi s onim zabilježenim u pilića u kontrolnoj skupini (1,84 %), a to pokazuje pozitivan učinak na profitabilnost uzgoja; uz to je i niska stopa smrtnosti zabilježena u eksperimentalnim skupinama (3,01 % ± 0,078 u usporedbi sa 7,78 % za kontrolnu skupinu). Prema ovim rezultatima, Micotec se čini kao obećavajući aditiv u poboljšanju zootehničke učinkovitosti tovnih pilića apsorpcijom nekoliko vrsta mikotoksina i smanjenjem njihove toksičnosti osiguravajući sigurnu hranu za životinje, a koja smanjuje i ekonomske gubitke prouzročene tim mikotoksinima

Antioxidant activity and enzymes inhibitory properties of several extracts from two Moroccan Asteraceae species

The present work reports investigation on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory activities (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase) of different extracts from two Moroccan Asteraceae species; Bubonium imbricatum Cav. and Cladanthus arabicus (L.) Cass. B. imbricatum extracts contained the highest amounts of phenolics and flavonoids, and also exhibited higher antioxidant activity. In this species, the highest total phenolic (1611.13 ± 14.23 μmolGAE/gextract) and flavonoid (376.11 ± 8.22 μmolQE/gextract) contents were observed in aqueous-methanol extract obtained by maceration. Further, UHPLC–MS analysis of C. arabicus and B. imbricatum extracts revealed the presence of several flavonoids (diosmetin, luteolin, apigenin 7-glucoside, and apigenin) and phenolic acids (benzoic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric, gallic, vanillic, caffeic, ferulic and isochlorogenic acids). The antioxidant activity of the extracts was dependent of the extraction process and solvent used. Aqueous-methanol extract of B. imbricatum prepared by maceration showed the highest activity with DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests (respectively: IC50 = 8.53 ± 0.38 μg/ml, 3461.8 ± 9.38 μmolTE/gextract and 3281.6 ± 47.43 μmolAAE/gextract). The results indicated that most of the tested extracts or essential oils exhibited activity towards the tested enzymes. Overall, the results obtained in this work indicated the two Moroccan species studied, particularly B. imbricatum, as valuable sources of natural agents beneficial for human health

Exploring Caralluma europaea (Guss.) NEBr. as a potential source of bioactive molecules: In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, and phenolic profile of crude extracts and fractions

Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br is a succulent medicinal species used in the Moroccan traditional medicine for its anticancer and antidiabetic properties. In this work, this species was explored for the in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of crude methanol and dichloromethane extracts, and obtained fractions, from its aerial organs. In vitro antidiabetic properties were evaluated towards baker's yeast and rat's intestinal alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase. Four in vitro methods were used to appraise the antioxidant potential, namely radical scavenging activity (RSA) on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and iron and copper chelating assays. Finally, the profile of the main phenolic compounds present in the samples was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with diodearray detection (HPLC-DAD). The highest inhibition of baker's yeast alpha-glucosidase was obtained with the methanol extract (87%), and its fractions, with a maximum inhibition of 83% at the concentration of 10 mg/ml. The most significant inhibition of mammalian alpha-glucosidase was obtained with the dichloromethane crude extract (85%), and corresponding fractions at 10 mg/ml. Moderate activity was achieved with the two extracts against a-amylase (52-53%) at 10 mg/ml, but no relevant activity was detected for most fractions. Crude extracts had a significant RSA against DPPH and ABTS, with range values of 83-98% (methanol extracts) and 53-80% (dichloromethane extracts). Fractions from the methanol extract were more active against tested radicals. Crude extracts had chelating activity on both metals, and the highest copper chelation was achieved with the methanol extract, while the dichloromethane extract and the majority of fractions from both extracts presented the highest iron chelation at 10 mg/ml. A total of 21 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD in the samples, and the main compounds detected were catechine hydrate and salicylic and caffeic acids. Our results suggest that C. europaea extracts contain compounds with in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic properties with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)Portuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyPortuguese National Budget [CCMAR/Multi/04326]FCT Scientific Employment Stimulus [CEECIND/00425/2017]FCTPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/116604/2016]FCT Investigator Programme [IF/00049/2012

A MeerKAT, e-MERLIN, HESS, and Swift search for persistent and transient emission associated with three localized FRBs

We report on a search for persistent radio emission from the one-off fast radio burst (FRB) 20190714A, as well as from two repeating FRBs, 20190711A and 20171019A, using the MeerKAT radio telescope. For FRB 20171019A, we also conducted simultaneous observations with the High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in very high-energy gamma rays and searched for signals in the ultraviolet, optical, and X-ray bands. For this FRB, we obtain a UV flux upper limit of 1.39 × 10-16 erg, cm-2, s-1Å-1, X-ray limit of ~6.6 × 10-14~erg, cm-2, s-1 and a limit on the very high energy gamma-ray flux Φ (E> 120, GeV) < 1.7× 10-12, erg, cm-2, s-1. We obtain a radio upper limit of ∼15 μJy beam-1 for persistent emission at the locations of both FRBs 20190711A and 20171019A with MeerKAT. However, we detected an almost unresolved (ratio of integrated flux to peak flux is ∼1.7 beam) radio emission, where the synthesized beam size was ∼8 arcsec size with a peak brightness of ∼ 53, μJy beam-1 at MeerKAT and ∼ 86, μ Jy beam-1 at e-MERLIN, possibly associated with FRB 20190714A at z = 0.2365. This represents the first detection of persistent continuum radio emission potentially associated with a (as-yet) non-repeating FRB. If the association is confirmed, one of the strongest remaining distinction between repeaters and non-repeaters would no longer be applicable. A parallel search for repeat bursts from these FRBs revealed no new detections down to a fluence of 0.08 Jy ms for a 1 ms duration burst

A MeerKAT, e-MERLIN, HESS, and Swift search for persistent and transient emission associated with three localized FRBs

We report on a search for persistent radio emission from the one-off fast radio burst (FRB) 20190714A, as well as from two repeating FRBs, 20190711A and 20171019A, using the MeerKAT radio telescope. For FRB 20171019A, we also conducted simultaneous observations with the High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in very high-energy gamma rays and searched for signals in the ultraviolet, optical, and X-ray bands. For this FRB, we obtain a UV flux upper limit of 1.39 × 10-16 erg, cm-2, s-1Å-1, X-ray limit of ~6.6 × 10-14~erg, cm-2, s-1 and a limit on the very high energy gamma-ray flux Φ (E> 120, GeV) < 1.7× 10-12, erg, cm-2, s-1. We obtain a radio upper limit of ∼15 μJy beam-1 for persistent emission at the locations of both FRBs 20190711A and 20171019A with MeerKAT. However, we detected an almost unresolved (ratio of integrated flux to peak flux is ∼1.7 beam) radio emission, where the synthesized beam size was ∼8 arcsec size with a peak brightness of ∼ 53, μJy beam-1 at MeerKAT and ∼ 86, μ Jy beam-1 at e-MERLIN, possibly associated with FRB 20190714A at z = 0.2365. This represents the first detection of persistent continuum radio emission potentially associated with a (as-yet) non-repeating FRB. If the association is confirmed, one of the strongest remaining distinction between repeaters and non-repeaters would no longer be applicable. A parallel search for repeat bursts from these FRBs revealed no new detections down to a fluence of 0.08 Jy ms for a 1 ms duration burst

Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study

Purpose In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes