Korpusonomastinen tutkimus slanginimistä Hesa ja Stadi digitaalisissa diskursseissa

Artikkelissamme selvitämme Helsinkiä tarkoittavien slanginimien, Hesan ja Stadin, käyttöä uudentyyppisen aineiston ja menetelmän avulla. Aiemmissa näitä nimiä koskevissa tutkimuksissa lähtökohta on ollut kvalitatiivinen, mutta tässä tutkimuksessa lähdemme liikkeelle laajasta digitaalisesta aineistosta ja tilastollisista menetelmistä. Tutkimuksemme on uusi avaus nimistöntutkimuksessa, ja nimitämme sitä korpusavusteiseksi nimistöntutkimukseksi, lyhyemmin korpusonomastiikaksi. Aineistonamme on laaja Suomi24-keskustelufoorumista muodostettu ja Kielipankista saatava Suomi24-korpus, josta olemme hakeneet Hesa- ja Stadi-nimet. Tutkimus toteutetaan korpusavusteisena diskurssintutkimuksena. Molemmat nimet esiintyvät aineistossa yli 45 000 kertaa. Analyysimme alkaa tilastollisesta kollokaatioanalyysista, minkä jälkeen kummankin nimen kollokaateista on valittu tarkasteltavaksi 200 merkitsevintä kollokaattia. Kollokaatit on ryhmitelty merkityksensä perusteella luokkiin, jotka muodostavat näiden sanojen kontekstista fraseologisin perustein havaittavan diskurssiprosodian. Hesa- ja Stadi-nimet jakavat yhteisiä diskursseja, mutta niillä on myös omia diskurssejaan. Hesaa käytetään, kun Helsinkiä katsotaan ulkopuolelta ja se on esimerkiksi muuttamisen tai matkustamisen kohde; lisäksi Hesasta jatketaan matkaa muualle, mikä näkyy monina kaupunkia merkitsevinä kollokaatteina. Erilaisista paikoista ja kaupungeista sekä liikkumisesta ja matkustamisesta keskustelu onkin Hesan yhteydessä tavallista. Stadi-nimi kuvastaa puolestaan syntyperäistä ja aitoa helsinkiläistä identiteettiä, mikä tukee aiempia havaintoja nimen käytöstä. Stadia käytetäänkin juuri silloin, kun puhutaan "meistä stadilaista" ja katsotaan kaupunkia ikään kuin sisältäpäin. ”Stadilaisuutta” korostetaan myös slangisanojen käytöllä Stadi-nimen yhteydessä, ja toisinaan muulta tulleista käytetyt nimitykset ovat melko affektiivisia. Menetelmämme nostaa esiin uutena piirteenä erityisesti sen, että matkustaminen ja liikkuminen on erityisesti Hesaan liittyvien diskurssien läpileikkaava teema. Myös Stadiin liittyy liikkuminen, mutta näkökulma on selvästi erilainen: liikkuminen tapahtuu pikemmin Stadissa kuin sitä kohti tai sieltä pois. Aiempaa tutkimusta tukevat havainnot, jotka liittyvät aidon helsinkiläisen identiteettiin korostamiseen Stadi-nimellä.Peer reviewe

Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association with Antiphospholipid Antibodies, Disease Activity and Chronic Damage

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by frequent neuropsychiatric involvement, which includes cognitive impairment (CI). We aimed at assessing CI in a cohort of Italian SLE patients by using a wide range of neurocognitive tests specifically designed to evaluate the fronto-subcortical dysfunction. Furthermore, we aimed at testing whether CI in SLE is associated with serum autoantibodies, disease activity and chronic damage. Methods: Fifty-eight consecutive patients were enrolled. Study protocol included data collection, evaluation of serum level

Anti-α-Internexin Autoantibody from Neuropsychiatric Lupus Induce Cognitive Damage via Inhibiting Axonal Elongation and Promote Neuron Apoptosis

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a major complication for lupus patients, which often leads to cognitive disturbances and memory loss and contributes to a significant patient morbidity and mortality. The presence of anti-neuronal autoantibodies (aAbs) has been identified; as examples, anti-NMDA receptors and anti-Ribsomal P aAbs have been linked to certain pathophysiological features of NPSLE.In the current study, we used a proteomic approach to identify an intermediate neurofilament alpha-internexin (INA) as a pathogenetically relevant autoantigen in NPSLE. The significance of this finding was then validated in an expanded of a cohort of NPSLE patients (n = 67) and controls (n = 270) by demonstrating that high titers of anti-INA aAb was found in both the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ∼50% NPSLE. Subsequently, a murine model was developed by INA immunization that resulted in pronounced cognitive dysfunction that mimicked features of NPSLE. Histopathology in affected animals displayed cortical and hippocampal neuron apoptosis. In vitro studies further demonstrated that anti-INA Ab mediated neuronal damage via inhibiting axonal elongation and eventually driving the cells to apoptosis.Taken together, this study identified a novel anti-neurofilament aAb in NPSLE, and established a hitherto undescribed mechanism of aAb-mediated neuron damage that could have relevance to the pathophysiology of NPSLE

Nitrated nucleosome levels and neuropsychiatric events in systemic lupus erythematosus; a multi-center retrospective case-control study

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesBACKGROUND: In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) there is no serological test that will reliably distinguish neuropsychiatric (NP) events due to active SLE from those due to other causes. Previously we showed that serum levels of nitrated nucleosomes (NN) were elevated in a small number of patients with NPSLE. Here we measured serum NN in samples from a larger population of patients with SLE and NP events to see whether elevated serum NN could be a marker for NPSLE. METHODS: We obtained serum samples from patients in the Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics (SLICC) inception cohort. This included 216 patients with NP events and two matched controls with SLE but no NP events for each of these patients. For the NP patients we tested samples taken before, during and after the NP event. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients had events attributed to SLE according to the most stringent SLICC attribution rule. In these patients there was no association between onset of event and elevated serum NN. In 190 patients in whom events were not attributed to SLE by the SLICC rules, median serum NN was elevated at the onset of event (P = 0.006). The predominant clinical features in this group of 190 patients were headache, mood disorders and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Serum NN levels rise at the time of an NP event in a proportion of patients with SLE. Further studies are needed to determine the value of serum NN as a biomarker for NPSLE.LUPUS UK Rosetrees Trust Arthritis Research UK Programme Grant National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre Canadian Institutes of Health Research Hanyang University Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust IHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility in Birmingham National Institutes of Health (NIH) Singer Family Fund for Lupus Research Arthritis Research UK National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Unit NIHR/Wellcome Trust Manchester Clinical Research Facility Danish Rheumatism Association Novo Nordisk Foundation NIH Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque Government Arthritis Research U

Geographic imagination and urban-rural binary in online discourses related to the capital region of Finland : A corpus onomastic study of Helsinki, Vantaa and Espoo

The article focuses on digital discourses related to Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa, the three biggest municipalities in Finland’s capital region. The data consist of texts from the discussion forum of Suomi24 that was analysed to find out how forum users produce socio-spatial distinctions by categorizing some groups as ‘others’ thus differentiating in-groups and out-groups. The analysis used methods of comprised corpus assisted discourse studies (CADS), including collocation analysis. The results show that discourses related both to native and non-native Helsinkians and to those living in the capital region in contrast to those living elsewhere in Finland are common and the juxtapositions between various groups are repeatedly constructed.peerReviewe