386 research outputs found
cDNA Cloning of Biologically Active Chicken Interleukin-18
By searching a chicken EST database, we identified a cDNA clone that appeared to contain the entire open
reading frame (ORF) of chicken interleukin-18 (ChIL-18). The encoded protein consists of 198 amino acids
and exhibits approximately 30% sequence identity to IL-18 of humans and various others mammals. Sequence
comparisons reveals a putative caspase-1 cleavage site at aspartic acid 29 of the primary translation product,
indicating that mature ChIL-18 might consist of 169 amino acids. Bacterially expressed ChIL-18 in which the
N-terminal 29 amino acids of the putative precursor molecule were replaced by a histidine tag induced the
synthesis of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in cultured primary chicken spleen cells, indicating that the recombinant
protein is biologically active
Health-related quality of life in KEYNOTE-010 : a phase II/III study of pembrolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced, programmed death ligand 1-expressing NSCLC (vol 14, pg 793, 2019)
Optimally shaped terahertz pulses for phase retrieval in a Rydberg atom data register
We employ Optimal Control Theory to discover an efficient information
retrieval algorithm that can be performed on a Rydberg atom data register using
a shaped terahertz pulse. The register is a Rydberg wave packet with one
consituent orbital phase-reversed from the others (the ``marked bit''). The
terahertz pulse that performs the decoding algorithm does so by by driving
electron probability density into the marked orbital. Its shape is calculated
by modifying the target of an optimal control problem so that it represents the
direct product of all correct solutions to the algorithm.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Reversible Random Sequential Adsorption of Dimers on a Triangular Lattice
We report on simulations of reversible random sequential adsorption of dimers
on three different lattices: a one-dimensional lattice, a two-dimensional
triangular lattice, and a two-dimensional triangular lattice with the nearest
neighbors excluded. In addition to the adsorption of particles at a rate K+, we
allow particles to leave the surface at a rate K-. The results from the
one-dimensional lattice model agree with previous results for the continuous
parking lot model. In particular, the long-time behavior is dominated by
collective events involving two particles. We were able to directly confirm the
importance of two-particle events in the simple two-dimensional triangular
lattice. For the two-dimensional triangular lattice with the nearest neighbors
excluded, the observed dynamics are consistent with this picture. The
two-dimensional simulations were motivated by measurements of Ca++ binding to
Langmuir monolayers. The two cases were chosen to model the effects of changing
pH in the experimental system.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
The Topological B-model on a Mini-Supertwistor Space and Supersymmetric Bogomolny Monopole Equations
In the recent paper hep-th/0502076, it was argued that the open topological
B-model whose target space is a complex (2|4)-dimensional mini-supertwistor
space with D3- and D1-branes added corresponds to a super Yang-Mills theory in
three dimensions. Without the D1-branes, this topological B-model is equivalent
to a dimensionally reduced holomorphic Chern-Simons theory. Identifying the
latter with a holomorphic BF-type theory, we describe a twistor correspondence
between this theory and a supersymmetric Bogomolny model on R^3. The connecting
link in this correspondence is a partially holomorphic Chern-Simons theory on a
Cauchy-Riemann supermanifold which is a real one-dimensional fibration over the
mini-supertwistor space. Along the way of proving this twistor correspondence,
we review the necessary basic geometric notions and construct action
functionals for the involved theories. Furthermore, we discuss the geometric
aspect of a recently proposed deformation of the mini-supertwistor space, which
gives rise to mass terms in the supersymmetric Bogomolny equations. Eventually,
we present solution generating techniques based on the developed twistorial
description together with some examples and comment briefly on a twistor
correspondence for super Yang-Mills theory in three dimensions.Comment: 55 pages; v2: typos fixed, published versio
Muon-spin-relaxation study of the magnetic penetration depth in MgB2
The magnetic vortex lattice (VL) of polycrystalline MgB2 has been
investigated by transverse-field muon-spin-relaxation (TF-MuSR). The evolution
of TF-MuSR depolarization rate, sigma, that is proportional to the second
moment of the field distribution of the VL has been studied as a function of
temperature and applied magnetic field. The low temperature value s exhibits a
pronounced peak near Hext = 75 mT. This behavior is characteristic of strong
pinning induced distortions of the VL which put into question the
interpretation of the low-field TF-MuSR data in terms of the magnetic
penetration depth lambda(T). An approximately constant value of sigma, such as
expected for an ideal VL in the London-limit, is observed at higher fields of
Hext > 0.4 T. The TF-MuSR data at Hext = 0.6 T are analyzed in terms of a
two-gap model. We obtain values for the gap size of D1 = 6.0 meV (2D1/kBTc =
3.6), D2 = 2.6 meV (2D2/kBTc = 1.6), a comparable spectral weight of the two
bands and a zero temperature value for the magnetic penetration depth of lambda
= 100 nm. In addition, we performed MuSR-measurements in zero external field
(ZF-MuSR). We obtain evidence that the muon site (at low temperature) is
located on a ring surrounding the center of the boron hexagon. Muon diffusion
sets in already at rather low temperature of T > 10 K. The nuclear magnetic
moments can account for the observed relaxation rate and no evidence for
electronic magnetic moments has been obtained.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Asymptotic stability of breathers in some Hamiltonian networks of weakly coupled oscillators
We consider a Hamiltonian chain of weakly coupled anharmonic oscillators. It
is well known that if the coupling is weak enough then the system admits
families of periodic solutions exponentially localized in space (breathers). In
this paper we prove asymptotic stability in energy space of such solutions. The
proof is based on two steps: first we use canonical perturbation theory to put
the system in a suitable normal form in a neighborhood of the breather, second
we use dispersion in order to prove asymptotic stability. The main limitation
of the result rests in the fact that the nonlinear part of the on site
potential is required to have a zero of order 8 at the origin. From a technical
point of view the theory differs from that developed for Hamiltonian PDEs due
to the fact that the breather is not a relative equilibrium of the system
Challenges in Complex Systems Science
FuturICT foundations are social science, complex systems science, and ICT.
The main concerns and challenges in the science of complex systems in the
context of FuturICT are laid out in this paper with special emphasis on the
Complex Systems route to Social Sciences. This include complex systems having:
many heterogeneous interacting parts; multiple scales; complicated transition
laws; unexpected or unpredicted emergence; sensitive dependence on initial
conditions; path-dependent dynamics; networked hierarchical connectivities;
interaction of autonomous agents; self-organisation; non-equilibrium dynamics;
combinatorial explosion; adaptivity to changing environments; co-evolving
subsystems; ill-defined boundaries; and multilevel dynamics. In this context,
science is seen as the process of abstracting the dynamics of systems from
data. This presents many challenges including: data gathering by large-scale
experiment, participatory sensing and social computation, managing huge
distributed dynamic and heterogeneous databases; moving from data to dynamical
models, going beyond correlations to cause-effect relationships, understanding
the relationship between simple and comprehensive models with appropriate
choices of variables, ensemble modeling and data assimilation, modeling systems
of systems of systems with many levels between micro and macro; and formulating
new approaches to prediction, forecasting, and risk, especially in systems that
can reflect on and change their behaviour in response to predictions, and
systems whose apparently predictable behaviour is disrupted by apparently
unpredictable rare or extreme events. These challenges are part of the FuturICT
agenda
Comparing humans and AI agents
Comparing humans and machines is one important source of
information about both machine and human strengths and limitations.
Most of these comparisons and competitions are performed in rather
specific tasks such as calculus, speech recognition, translation, games,
etc. The information conveyed by these experiments is limited, since it
portrays that machines are much better than humans at some domains
and worse at others. In fact, CAPTCHAs exploit this fact. However,
there have only been a few proposals of general intelligence tests in the
last two decades, and, to our knowledge, just a couple of implementations
and evaluations. In this paper, we implement one of the most recent test
proposals, devise an interface for humans and use it to compare the
intelligence of humans and Q-learning, a popular reinforcement learning
algorithm. The results are highly informative in many ways, raising many
questions on the use of a (universal) distribution of environments, on the
role of measuring knowledge acquisition, and other issues, such as speed,
duration of the test, scalability, etc.We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful
comments. We also thank José Antonio Martín H. for helping us with several
issues about the RL competition, RL-Glue and reinforcement learning in general. We are also grateful to all the subjects who took the test. We also thank
the funding from the Spanish MEC and MICINN for projects TIN2009-06078-
E/TIN, Consolider-Ingenio CSD2007-00022 and TIN2010-21062-C02, for MEC
FPU grant AP2006-02323, and Generalitat Valenciana for Prometeo/2008/051Insa Cabrera, J.; Dowe, DL.; España Cubillo, S.; Henánez-Lloreda, MV.; Hernández Orallo, J. (2011). Comparing humans and AI agents. En Artificial General Intelligence. Springer Verlag (Germany). 6830:122-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22887-2_13S1221326830Dowe, D.L., Hajek, A.R.: A non-behavioural, computational extension to the Turing Test. In: Intl. Conf. on Computational Intelligence & multimedia applications (ICCIMA 1998), Gippsland, Australia, pp. 101–106 (1998)Gordon, D., Subramanian, D.: A cognitive model of learning to navigate. In: Proc. 19th Conf. of the Cognitive Science Society, 1997, vol. 25, p. 271. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah (1997)Hernández-Orallo, J.: Beyond the Turing Test. J. Logic, Language & Information 9(4), 447–466 (2000)Hernández-Orallo, J.: A (hopefully) non-biased universal environment class for measuring intelligence of biological and artificial systems. In: Hutter, M., et al. (eds.) 3rd Intl. Conf. on Artificial General Intelligence, pp. 182–183. Atlantis Press, London (2010) Extended report at, http://users.dsic.upv.es/proy/anynt/unbiased.pdfHernández-Orallo, J., Dowe, D.L.: Measuring universal intelligence: Towards an anytime intelligence test. Artificial Intelligence 174(18), 1508–1539 (2010)Hernández-Orallo, J., Dowe, D.L., España-Cubillo, S., Hernández-Lloreda, M.V., Insa-Cabrera, J.: On more realistic environment distributions for defining, evaluating and developing intelligence. In: Schmidhuber, J., Thórisson, K.R., Looks, M. (eds.) AGI 2011. LNCS(LNAI), pp. 81–90. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)Legg, S., Hutter, M.: A universal measure of intelligence for artificial agents. In: Intl Joint Conf on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI, vol. 19, p. 1509 (2005)Legg, S., Hutter, M.: Universal intelligence: A definition of machine intelligence. Minds and Machines 17(4), 391–444 (2007)Li, M., Vitányi, P.: An introduction to Kolmogorov complexity and its applications, 3rd edn. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Heidelberg (2008)Oppy, G., Dowe, D.L.: The Turing Test. In: Zalta, E.N. (ed.) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, Stanford (2011), http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/Sanghi, P., Dowe, D.L.: A computer program capable of passing IQ tests. In: 4th Intl. Conf. on Cognitive Science (ICCS 2003), Sydney, pp. 570–575 (2003)Solomonoff, R.J.: A formal theory of inductive inference. Part I. Information and control 7(1), 1–22 (1964)Strehl, A.L., Li, L., Wiewiora, E., Langford, J., Littman, M.L.: PAC model-free reinforcement learning. In: ICML 2006, pp. 881–888. New York (2006)Sutton, R.S., Barto, A.G.: Reinforcement learning: An introduction. The MIT press, Cambridge (1998)Turing, A.M.: Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind 59, 433–460 (1950)Veness, J., Ng, K.S., Hutter, M., Silver, D.: A Monte Carlo AIXI Approximation. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, JAIR 40, 95–142 (2011)von Ahn, L., Blum, M., Langford, J.: Telling humans and computers apart automatically. Communications of the ACM 47(2), 56–60 (2004)Watkins, C.J.C.H., Dayan, P.: Q-learning. Mach. learning 8(3), 279–292 (1992
Solar neutrino oscillation parameters after first KamLAND results
We analyze the energy spectrum of reactor neutrino events recently observed
in the Kamioka Liquid scintillator Anti-Neutrino Detector (KamLAND) and combine
them with solar and terrestrial neutrino data, in the context of two- and
three-family active neutrino oscillations. In the 2-neutrino case, we find that
the solution to the solar neutrino problem at large mixing angle (LMA) is
basically split into two sub-regions, that we denote as LMA-I and LMA-II. The
LMA-I solution, characterized by lower values of the squared neutrino mass gap,
is favored by the global data fit. This picture is not significantly modified
in the 3-neutrino mixing case. A brief discussion is given about the
discrimination of the LMA-I and LMA-II solutions with future KamLAND data. In
both the 2- and 3-neutrino cases, we present a detailed analysis of the
post-KamLAND bounds on the oscillation parameters.Comment: Revised version. Two figures adde
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