Efectos de la suplementación con L-carnitina en el síndrome de ascitis (hipertensión pulmonar) en los pollos de engorde cultivados a gran altura

Objective. Investigate the effects of L-carnitine as a potential means of reducing the incidence of ascites in broilers and its relationship with physiological and biochemical paramaters. Material and methods. One-day-old 300 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in the trial. The group without L-carnitine supplementation (0) was assigned as control and the groups that received 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation in water were assigned as treatment groups. The trial was completed in 35 days. Results. L-carnitine supplementation did not have any significant effect on live weight gain, feed consumption, water consumption and feed conversion ratio. Levels of blood plasma and hemogram parameters HDL, Triglyceride, CK, RBC and MCH were significantly affected by L-carnitine (p<0.05).  Blood gas parameter pH value was significantly affected by L-carnitine supplementation in the broilers with ascites. Blood gas pH value significantly increased with 100 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation compared to that of control (p<0.05). While blood pH was 7.21 in the animals with ascites, it was determined as 7.48 in healthy animals. Concentrations of SO2 and ctO2 were higher in healthy animals, while ctCO2P and hemoglobin concentrations were higher in ascitic animals (p<0.05). Conclusions. Ascites mortality rates starting from the control group were calculated respectively as %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67, 28.33 and 28.33%. 76.71% of total ascites deaths were in the 5th week. It was concluded that low doses of L-carnitine supplementation may have positive effects in the broilers grown at high altitude.Objetivo. Investigar los efectos de la L-carnitina como un medio potencial para reducir la incidencia de ascitis en pollos de engorde y su relación con parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron 300 pollos de engorde machos de un día de edad (Ross 308) en el ensayo. El grupo sin suplementación de L-carnitina (0) se asignó como control y los grupos que recibieron suplementos de 100, 150, 200 y 250 mg/L de L-carnitina en agua se asignaron como grupos de tratamiento. La prueba se completó en 35 días. Resultados. La suplementación de L-carnitina no tuvo ningún efecto significativo sobre el aumento de peso vivo, consumo de alimento, consumo de agua y tasa de conversión alimenticia. Los niveles de plasma sanguíneo y los parámetros del hemograma HDL, triglicéridos, CK RBC y MCH se vieron afectados significativamente por L-carnitina (p<0.05). El valor del pH del parámetro del gas en sangre se vio significativamente afectado por la suplementación con L-carnitina en los pollos de engorde con ascitis. El valor del pH del gas en la sangre aumentó significativamente con la suplementación de 100 mg/L de L-carnitina en comparación con la del control (p<0.05). Mientras que el pH de la sangre fue de 7.21 en los animales con ascitis, se determinó como 7.48 en animales sanos. Las concentraciones de SO2 y ctO2 fueron mayores en animales sanos, mientras que las concentraciones de ctCO2P y hemoglobina fueron mayores en animales ascíticos (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Las tasas de mortalidad por ascitis a partir del grupo control se calcularon respectivamente como %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67 y 28.33. 76.71% de las muertes totales de ascitis fueron en la quinta semana. Se concluyó que dosis bajas de suplementos de L-carnitina pueden tener efectos positivos en los pollos de engorde criados a gran altitude

Efectos de la suplementación con L-carnitina en el síndrome de ascitis (hipertensión pulmonar) en los pollos de engorde cultivados a gran altura

Objective. Investigate the effects of L-carnitine as a potential means of reducing the incidence of ascites in broilers and its relationship with physiological and biochemical paramaters. Material and methods. One-day-old 300 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in the trial. The group without L-carnitine supplementation (0) was assigned as control and the groups that received 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation in water were assigned as treatment groups. The trial was completed in 35 days. Results. L-carnitine supplementation did not have any significant effect on live weight gain, feed consumption, water consumption and feed conversion ratio. Levels of blood plasma and hemogram parameters HDL, Triglyceride, CK, RBC and MCH were significantly affected by L-carnitine (p<0.05).  Blood gas parameter pH value was significantly affected by L-carnitine supplementation in the broilers with ascites. Blood gas pH value significantly increased with 100 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation compared to that of control (p<0.05). While blood pH was 7.21 in the animals with ascites, it was determined as 7.48 in healthy animals. Concentrations of SO2 and ctO2 were higher in healthy animals, while ctCO2P and hemoglobin concentrations were higher in ascitic animals (p<0.05). Conclusions. Ascites mortality rates starting from the control group were calculated respectively as %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67, 28.33 and 28.33%. 76.71% of total ascites deaths were in the 5th week. It was concluded that low doses of L-carnitine supplementation may have positive effects in the broilers grown at high altitude.Objetivo. Investigar los efectos de la L-carnitina como un medio potencial para reducir la incidencia de ascitis en pollos de engorde y su relación con parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron 300 pollos de engorde machos de un día de edad (Ross 308) en el ensayo. El grupo sin suplementación de L-carnitina (0) se asignó como control y los grupos que recibieron suplementos de 100, 150, 200 y 250 mg/L de L-carnitina en agua se asignaron como grupos de tratamiento. La prueba se completó en 35 días. Resultados. La suplementación de L-carnitina no tuvo ningún efecto significativo sobre el aumento de peso vivo, consumo de alimento, consumo de agua y tasa de conversión alimenticia. Los niveles de plasma sanguíneo y los parámetros del hemograma HDL, triglicéridos, CK RBC y MCH se vieron afectados significativamente por L-carnitina (p<0.05). El valor del pH del parámetro del gas en sangre se vio significativamente afectado por la suplementación con L-carnitina en los pollos de engorde con ascitis. El valor del pH del gas en la sangre aumentó significativamente con la suplementación de 100 mg/L de L-carnitina en comparación con la del control (p<0.05). Mientras que el pH de la sangre fue de 7.21 en los animales con ascitis, se determinó como 7.48 en animales sanos. Las concentraciones de SO2 y ctO2 fueron mayores en animales sanos, mientras que las concentraciones de ctCO2P y hemoglobina fueron mayores en animales ascíticos (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Las tasas de mortalidad por ascitis a partir del grupo control se calcularon respectivamente como %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67 y 28.33. 76.71% de las muertes totales de ascitis fueron en la quinta semana. Se concluyó que dosis bajas de suplementos de L-carnitina pueden tener efectos positivos en los pollos de engorde criados a gran altitude

Efectos sobre la producción de metano de los aceites esencias añadiendo diferentes aditivos

Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different plant essence oil supplementation to TMR, concentrate and hay on methanogenesis and at 2, 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementation, particularly at increased doses, significantly decreased methane production for TMR, concentrate and hay at 8 and 24 h compared to negative and positive control groups (p<0.05). Among all plant extracts, Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation resulted the lowest methane production values(p<0.05). While methane production at 24 h in positive control groups were recorded respectively as 10.45, 10.75 and 10.07 for TMR, concentrate and hay, the values in Syzygium 200 ppm group were recorded respectively as 1.65, 3.28 and 1.98 for these feed groups. Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that increased doses of essence oil supplementation significantly decrease methane production in ruminants. Hence, it is suggested that essence oil will be highly beneficial in ruminant nutrition.Objectivo. El objectivo del presente estudio es determin que el efecto de diferentes suplementos de aceite de esencia de la planta es de TMR, concentrado y heno en la metanogénesis ya los 2, 8 y 24 horas (h) utilizando la técnica in vitro de producciόn de gas en los bovinos. Material y métodos. Tres vacas lecheras Holstein fistulados se utilizaron para la acumulación de liquido ruminal para la aplicación de la técnica in vitro de producción de gas en. Cuatro aceites esenciales (T.vulgaris, O.vulgare, S.aromaticum, Z.officinale) fueron utilizadas como extractos de plantas. Resultados. La administración de suplementos de aceite de esencia, particularmente a elevadas dosis, disminoyó significativamente la producción de metano de TMR, se concentran y heno a las 8 y las 24 h en comparación con los grupos negativos y positivos de control (p<0.05). Entre todos los extractos de plantas, Syzgium 200 suplementación ppm de corrientes de aire los valores de producción de metano màs bajas (p<0.05). Mientras que la producción de metano a las 24 h en los grupos de control positivos, respectivamente, como 10.45, 10.75 y 10.07 am para TMR, concentrarse y heno, los valores de Syzygium grupo de 200 ppm se registraron, respectivamente 1.65, 3.28 y 1.98 para los thes grupos alimentar. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio indican que las dosis elevadas de suplementos de aceite de esencia para disminuir significativamanente la producción de metano en rumiantes. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que el aceite de esencia será altamente beneficioso en la nutrición de rumiantes

Efficacy of essence oil supplementation to feeds on volatile fatty acid production

ABSTRACT Objective. Determine the effect of some plant extract supplementation to Total Mixed Ration (TMR), concentrate and hay on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementations to the examined feed groups had significant effect only on C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h in all feed groups (p<0.05). C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the groups with Oregano 25 ppm supplementation for TMR and concentrate and in the groups with Thymol 25 ppm supplementation for hay. C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the group that received Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation for hay. Different plant extracts supplemented to TMR, concentrate and hay significantly affected C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 and C2/C3 VFA levels at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that moderate doses of plant extracts result in increased VFA levels in ruminants while higher doses demonstrate the opposite effect

It isn't over ‘till it’s over: A continuing concern of the SARS-CoV-2 variants, and miRNAs targeting the S protein as a probable absolute cure

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak which still continues to affect the general population, has mutated day by day and new variants have emerged. More than 40 variants, usually caused by mutations in the spike (S) protein, have been recorded. Observation of S protein mutations in the development of t herapeutic agents will increase success rates. As we identify the three-dimensional (3D) conformation of viruses, it is more and more possible to work on models for understanding molecular interactions. Development of agents for arrays and 3D sequencing of proteins paves the way for potential therapeutic studies against variants. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) seemingly act as a potentially important group of biomolecules in combating uncontrolled cytokine release. Besides antiviral response, miRNAs promise to be&nbsp;&nbsp;powerful therapeutic agents against infections. Studies have shown that miRNAs are able to inhibit the genome directly by miRNA-based treatments as they are sprecific to the SARS-CoV-2 genome. In order to expose this potential, in silico studies before continuing with lab studies are helpful. In our bioinformatics analysis, we proposed to compare the S protein similarities of Delta and Omicron, two of the most common variants, and to detect miRNAs targeting the S protein. The S proteins and coding sequences were compared between the two variants, and differences were determined. Within our analysis, 105 and 109 miRNAs for the Delta and Omicron variants, respectively, were detected. We believe that our study will be a potential guide for deciding on the miRNAs that may most likely have an effect on the management of the infection caused by both variants

Etlik civciv rasyonlarında doğal büyüme uyarıcı olarak bitkisel ekstraktların ve propolisin kullanım olanakları

TEZ6144Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2006.Kaynakça (s.152-163) var.xiii, 164 s. : rnk. ; 29 cm.The present study was conducted to dete mine whether potential use of dietary supplemental natural plant extracts and propolis would be used as alternative growth promoters to antibiotics in broiler chicks. Four concecutive trials were carried out with Ross 308 male broiler chicks for 42 days of period for each. In the first experiment; plant extracts Yucca schidigera, Oreganum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale were used at 120 ppm level. Supplementation of 120 ppm Z. officinale improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency and increased the number of gut lactic acid bacteria. In the second experiment, S. aromaticum and Z. officinale esantial oils, which produced the most superior results in the first experiment were used in different combinations or alone. Increased dose of Z. officinale (240 ppm) increased broiler performance and gut villi length. In the thirth experiment, different dietary levels (0, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm) of propolis were used. Supplementation of propolis at 1000 ppm significantly improved body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and gut villi length. In the fourth experiment, different doses of Z. officinale and propolis were used alone or in combinations as growth promoters. Supplementation of 240 ppm Z.officinale and 1000 ppm propolis improved body weigh gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency, the improvements was found to be similar to those values achieved by supplemental antibiotics used as a control in the trial. It was concluded that 240 ppm Z.officinale esantial oils as plant extract and/or 1000 ppm propolis have great potentials to replace antibiotic growth promoters in broilers.Bu çalışma, etlik piliç yemlerinde kullanımı yasaklanan antibiyotiklere alternatif doğal bitkisel ekstrakların ve propolisin büyütme faktörü olarak kullanım olanaklarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, her biri 42 gün süreli bir birini takip eden dört ayrı deneme halinde Ross 308 erkek civcivler ile yürütülmüştür. Birinci denemede Yucca schidigera, Oreganum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Syzygium aromaticum, Zingiber officinale isimli bitkisel ekstraktlar 120 ppm düzeyinde kullanılmıştır. 120 ppm Z.officinale katkısı etlik piliçlerin canlı ağırlık kazancı ve yemden yararlanma oranını iyileştirmiş ve bağırsak laktik asit bakteri populasyonunu arttırmıştır. İkinci denemede, Deneme I'de en üstün sonucu veren S.aromaticum ve Z.officinale isimli bitkisel ekstraktlar test edilmiştir. Z.officinale ekstraktının dozunun artması (240 ppm) etlik piliçlerin performansını ve bağırsak villi uzunluğunu artırmıştır. Üçüncü denemede yem katkısı olarak propolisin farklı düzeyleri (0, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm) kullanılmıştır. Propolis katkısı antibiyotiklere alternatif olma açısından büyük önem taşıdığı gözlenmiştir. Özellikle yeme ilave edilen 1000 ppm propolis etlik piliçlerin yem tüketimini teşvik etmiş, canlı ağırlık kazancı ve yemden yararlanma oranını iyileştirmiş, bağırsak villi uzunluğunu arttırmıştır. Dördüncü denemede, büyüme uyarıcı olarak Z.officinale ve propolisin farklı dozları ayrı ayrı ve kombine olarak denenmiştir. 240 ppm Z.officinale ve 1000 ppm propolis katkısı etlik piliçlerin canlı ağırlık kazancı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı bakımından antibiyotiklere benzer performans değerleri göstermişlerdir. Çalışamadan elde edilen bulgular, bitkisel ekstrakt olarak 240 ppm Z.officinale esans yağı ve/veya 1000 ppm propolis katkısı antibiyotiklere alternatif olma açısından büyük avantaj sağlamıştır.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No

Uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin hidrolojik model tahminlerinde işlevsel kullanımı

Snow indicates the potential stored water volume that is an important source of water supply, which has been the most valuable and indispensable natural resource throughout the history of the world. Euphrates and Tigris, having the biggest dams of Turkey, are the two largest trans-boundary rivers that originate in Turkey and pass throughout the water deficit nations Syria, Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia bringing life as well as water all their way. Snowmelt runoff originating from the mountains of Eastern Turkey accounts for 60 to 70 % of total annual discharge observed in Euphrates and Tigris. For an optimum operation of the dams, maximizing energy production, mitigation of floods and satisfying water rights, hydrological models which can both simulate and forecast the river discharges of Euphrates and Tigris are needed. In this study a hydrological model, snowmelt runoff model (SRM), is used in conjunction with remote sensing and geographic information systems to forecast the river discharges in the headwaters of Euphrates River, Upper Euphrates Basin. NOAA and MODIS satellite images were used to derive the snow covered area (SCA) information required by SRM. Linear reduction methodologies based on accumulated air temperature, with constant or varying gradient, were developed to get the continuous daily SCA values from the discrete daily satellite images. Temperature and precipitation forecasts were gathered from two different numerical weather prediction models, namely European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) from Turkish State Meteorological Services. These data sets provided t+24 hour forecasts of both temperature and precipitation. Temperature, precipitation and SCA information are fed into SRM. Discharge forecasts obtained from the model outputs are compared with the observed values. The overall performance ofPh.D. - Doctoral Progra