The Entitlement of Females Under Section 14 of the (Indian) Hindu Succession Act, 1956.

This thesis is an in-depth study of the vicissitudes of the property rights of the Hindu female, and the eventual enactment of s. 14 of the [Indian] Hindu Succession Act, 1956, under which she was accorded the right, for the first time, to be the absolute owner of any property legally in her possession. In dealing with Article 44 of the Indian Constitution and the egalitarianism inherent in it, Chapter One introduces the background to, and the provisions of, the "Hindu Code", of which s. 14 is an integral part, as it also draws attention to the pressing necessity in India for the promulgation of a uniform civil code. Chapter Two is a study of the traditional concept of widowhood in the light of sastric injunctions, and the ambivalence in attitudes towards the widow and her remarriage in present-day India. Chapter Three explores the characteristics of the "limited estate", a system of female inheritance peculiar to Anglo-Hindu Jurisprudence, while the right to maintenance prior to the Hindu Adoptions and Mainte-nance Act, 1956, and as interpreted in case-law, has been enumerated in Chapter Four. Chapter Five examines the Hindu Women's Rights to Property Act, 1937, the express purpose of which was to give "better rights" to women, its effects on the inheritance pattern generally, and its drawbacks. Chapter Six is a study of s. 14, its successful effects, as also the problems of construction with special reference to the difficulties encountered in the judicial interpretation of sub-s. (2) of s. 14. The concluding chapter out the salient features of the work, and offers suggestions how best to resolve, either judicially, the areas of ambiguity, or by legislative amendment, such anomalies as have inadvertently crept in through oversight and as a consequence of piecemeal legislation

The Barriers to Effective Marketization of Corporate Equity in Libya

Libya is an emerging market in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Early efforts to encourage financial market development in the 1990s were re-energised after the lifting of UN sanctions in 2003 following dramatic changes in the Libyan financial market. One of these critical decisions was the establishment of the Libyan stock market in 2006. This thesis attempts to explore the challenges that may face the Libyan stock market by examining the barriers which affect the development of the Libyan stock market. In this endeavour the researcher develops a best practice model to help the Libyan stock market achieve its ambitions. The aim of this thesis is to fill the gap in academic research on MENA financial market by investigating the role of ten selected factors on the development of the Libyan stock market. In this thesis, trust is introduced as a major moderator of the ten selected factors under study. Although, there are many examples in the literature of how to understand and interpret trust and, in particular, behavioural economics, transaction cost economy and more general social process theory leads to different understandings of the concept of trust. In this thesis it is argued that the concept of transaction cost economy allied with social process theory provide useful insights. In order to explore and understand the situation of the Libyan stock market as a human construct; and the factors which may affect Libya and its stock market development, the interpretive accounting research (IAR) appears to be the most suitable paradigm for this research. Thus this study uses qualitative methods and mainly semi-structured interviews

Prediction Model of Elastic Modulus for Granular Road Bases

The estimation of elastic modulus for road bases is the primary objective of this research which is implemented a significant role in transmitting the vertical loading to the pavement foundation layers. In this study, the effect of weathering conditions on the stiffness of base course is investigated and implied the durability test by subjecting the prepared samples to a different numbers of wet-dry cycles (0,2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). A conventional base materials of local natural gravel aggregate and treated base materials with recycled concrete aggregate RCA at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50% 75% and 100%) is adopted in this research. The elastic characteristics are estimated in terms of elastic modulus. Elastic modulus are estimated by passing the ultrasonic pulse velocity through the untreated and treated base materials laboratory specimens. This test can be used to study the elastic modulus properties of base materials. A multiple linear regression analysis is used for prediction the elastic modulus using the SPSS (software ver.21). Elastic Modulus (kPa) is the dependent variable whereas the independent variable are; No. of wet- dry cycle and Percent (%) of RCA stabilizer. The obtained results for elastic modulus (Es) of granular base material layer showed increasing in elastic modulus with percentage of RCA%., results revealed that the (Es) values reached a maximum value of (6927kPa) for 100%. For the OMC’s values increases due to the percentage increment of RCA in granular base material mixture, this increment in water contents is refer to high absorption capacity of the paste clinging to the RCA. On other side the dry density decrease gradually with adding percentage of (RCA) in granular base material mixture

Effect of Intraumbilical Oxytocin on Duration of Third Stage of Labour

Background:To determine the efficacy of intraumbilical oxytocin in reducing duration of third stage of labor, compared to routine active management of third stage of labor(AMTSL).Methods: In this randomized controlled trial one hundred parturient women were divided in two groups consisting of 50 each. Active management of third stage was done in both the groups. The study group in addition to active management, received oxytocin 10 international units( IU) diluted in 10ml normal saline through the umbilical vein and control group received equal volume of normal saline as placebo .The mean time taken for the completion of third stage was calculated for both groups in terms of minutes. The mean time “t” between the two groups was compared using Independent sample- t test. P value<0.05 was taken significant.Results: The mean duration of third stage of labor was 4.38±0.88 minutes in the study group, compared to 5.12±1.32 minutes in the control group which was significant statistically p=0.001. There was no incidence of retained placenta and none of placenta remain undelivered beyond 15 minutes in both groups.Conclusion: Intraumbilical oxytocin when given along with active management significantly reduces the mean duration of third stage of labour, compared to active management alone

Molecular Characterization of Efflux Pump and Porin Related Genes in Multidrug Resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Recovered from Erbil Hospitals

مقدمة: تعد مضخات التدفق المقاومة للأدوية المتعددة واحدة من أهم الطرق التي يمكن للبكتيريا من خلالها تجنب تأثيرات العديد من مضادات الميكروبات. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد مدى انتشار MDR المقاوم للأدوية المتعددة ، و XDR شديد المقاومة للأدوية ، والأنماط الظاهرية K. pneumoniae PDR  الرئوية المقاومة للأدوية في العزلات السريرية ، وكذلك لفحص اكتشاف وانتشار جينات مضخة التدفق ompK35 ، ompK36 ، tolC ، و acrAB في سلالات K. pneumoniae المعزولة المقاومة للأدوية المتعددة. طرق العمل: أجريت هذه الدراسة على 60 عزلة من بكتيريا K. pneumoniae جمعت من عينات سريرية مختلفة في مستشفيات أربيل. تم تمييز تواتر الأنماط الظاهرية لـ MDR و XDR و PDR تم تمييز الأنماط الظاهرية لـ K. pneumoniae من خلال ملف تعريف حساسية المضادات الحيوية ، وتم اكتشاف الجينات المرتبطة بمضخة التدفق و البورين  عن طريق مقايسة تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل (PCR). الاستنتاجات: ان انتشار سلالات MDR و XDR و PDR K. pneumoniae في مدينة أربيل أمر مقلق في أجنحة المستشفيات. علاوة على ذلك ، تم توزيع الجينات المشفرة لمضخة التدفق و porins مثل acrAB ، tolC ، ompk35،  و ompK36 بشكل كبير بين جميع العزلات.Background: Multidrug-resistant efflux pumps are one of the most significant methods by which bacteria can evade the effects of numerous antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant MDR, extremely drug-resistant XDR, and pan-drug-resistant PDR K. pneumoniae phenotypes in clinical isolates, as well as to examine the detection and prevalence of efflux pump genes ompK35, ompK36, tolC, and acrAB in multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 60 isolates of K. pneumoniae collected from different clinical samples in Erbil hospitals. The frequency of MDR, XDR, and PDR K. pneumoniae phenotypes was characterized through an antibiotic susceptibility profile, and genes associated with efflux pumps and porins were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: All 60 K. pneumoniae isolates were resistance to one or more classes of antibiotics tested in this study. The maximum resistance was observed with ampicillin (95%), followed by piperacillin acid (83%). Among all isolates the percentage of MDR, XDR, and PDR were (38%), (37%), and (25%) respectively. Furthermore, the distribution of efflux pump genes was acrAB (95%) and tolC (93%), while the prevalence of porin-coding genes ompK35 and ompK36 were (80%) and (82%) respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of MDR, XDR, and PDR K. pneumoniae strains in Erbil city is worrisome in hospital wards. Furthermore, Genes encoding efflux pump and porins such as acrAB, tolC, ompk35, and ompK36 were highly distributed among all isolates

Automatic human ear detection approach using modified adaptive search window technique

The human ear biometric recognition plays an important role in the forensics specialty and has significant impact for biometrician scientists and researchers. Actually, many ear recognition researches showed promised results, but some issues such as manual detection process, efficiency and robustness aren’t attained a certain level of maturity. Therefore, the enhancement developing approaches still continuous to achieve limited successes. We propose an efficient, reliable and simple automatic human ear detection approach. This approach implement two stages: preprocessing and ear landmarks detection. We utilized the image contrast, Laplace filter and Gaussian blurring techniques to made enhancement on all images (increasing the contrast, reduce the noisy and smoothing processes). After that, we highlighted the ear edges by using the Sobel edge detector and determining the only white pixels of ear edges by applying the image substation method. The improvement focused on using the modified adaptive search window (ASW) to detect the ear region. Furthermore, our approach is tested on Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi standard ear biometric public dataset. Experimental results presented a well average detection rate 96% for 493 image samples from 125 persons and computational time almost ≈ 0.485 seconds which is evaluated with other previous works

STUDYING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES ON THE FORMULATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCHES OF CAPTOPRIL

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate the captopril as mucoadhesive buccal films for hypertension treatment and studying the effect of different variables on the physical and mechanical behavior of the prepared films.Methods: The bucco-adhesive patches were prepared using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K4 (HPMC) as film forming a polymer with secondary polymer included carbopol 934 and eudragit RL100. The patches were prepared by a solvent casting method and evaluated for the weight variation, surface pH, mechanical properties, content, uniformity, ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength, ex-vivo permeation study and drug release study.Results: Formula F5 containing HPMC as primary polymer with carbopol 934 as secondary polymer was chosen to be the best formulation for the following parameters: surface pH6.44, tensile strength (16.06), percentage elongation at break (34.14), swelling index(18.85), mucoadhesive strength(26.2 gm) and the folding endurance was>300 with an in vitro drug release about 94.73% during 6 h.Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetric studies (DSC) showed no interaction between the drug and polymers.Conclusion: It can be concluded that oral mucoadhesive buccal film of captopril, an antihypertensive agent can be prepared utilizing HPMC as a film forming a polymer with carbopol as a secondary polymer which extended the drug release through the buccal mucosa for 6 h

CROSS-SECTIONS CALCULATION FOR THE PROCESS e-(P1)+ e+(P2)-> H- i(P2)+ H- j(P14)+ X0i(P5)

The cross-sections (?), in electron (e-) positron (e+) collision, is calculated over range of center of mass energy(s) for the process: 12 e-P1+e+P3. Please find more detail in the PDF full content.Keywords: Higgs bosons; neutralinos.