Study Of Some Mechanical Properties For Epoxy/ SiO2 Nano Particles Reinforced With 6 Layers Of CM E-Glass Fibers Composites

In this study, the neat epoxy and nanocomposites with volume fraction (1, 3, 5, 7 and10%) of nano SiO2 particles reinforced with six layers of chopped mat E-glass fibers (CM) specimens were prepared by molding method. The results of Impact strengths of EP/SiO2 nanocomposites reinforced with 6 layers of CM E-glass fibers showed that Impact strength has a random behaviour with increasing volume fraction of SiO2 nanoparticles. The results showed an increase of Impact strengths with increasing the SiO2  nanoparticles volume fraction at 1% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles, then decreases with increasing volume fraction at 3% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles, then the Impact strength increases with increasing volume fraction of SiO2 nanoparticles until the Impact strength reach to maximum values  (78.93KJ/m2) at 7% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles. And then Impact strength decreases with increasing volume fraction at 10% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles.Also the results of shore D hardness of EP/SiO2 nanocomposites reinforced with 6 layers of CM E-glass fibers showed that Hardness No. an increase with increasing the SiO2 nanoparticles volume fraction at 1% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles, then decreases with increasing volume fraction at 3% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles, then the Hardness No. increases with increasing volume fraction of SiO2 nanoparticles until the Hardness No. reach to maximum values  (85.03) at 10% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles

Identification of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus  isolated from prolonged suppurative otitis media was the focus on the current investigation. Aims: The goal of this study is the identification of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chronic suppurative otitis media. Material and methods: The research population is made up of 100 medical samples were taken from individual with chronic otitis media infection who visited Alfurat Al-Awsat Hospital and AL-Zahra Teaching Hospital for Children in the province of Al-Najaf between January 1, 2023, and March 20, 2023. Results: The samples were injected onto mannitol salt agar (MSA) and then subcultured on blood agar after being incubated for (24 to 48 hours at 37°C). Characterization of colonies, Gram's staining, and conventional biochemical testing. A genomic investigation of MRSA isolates was accompanied using PCR affecting the mecA gene. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were create in 34.5% of specimens. Genotyping complete polymerase chain reaction and biochemical examination presented 58% correctness in recognizing detaches. 20 bacterial specimens were found to encompass the mecA gene, representative a joining among chronic suppurative otitis media and MRSA resounding the mecA gene. Conclusion: this study show Staphylococcus aureus is more causative agent for  suppurative otitis media and resistant for some antibiotic because resistant to  mecA gene

Detection of brain stroke in the MRI image using FPGA

One of the most important difficulties which doctors face in diagnosing is the analysis and diagnosis of brain stroke in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. Brain stroke is the interruption of blood flow to parts of the brain that causes cell death. To make the diagnosis easier for doctors, many researchers have treated MRI images with some filters by using Matlab program to improve the images and make them more obvious to facilitate diagnosis by doctors. This paper introduces a digital system using hardware concepts to clarify the brain stroke in MRI image. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) is used to implement the system which is divided into four phases: preprocessing, adjust image, median filter, and morphological filters alternately. The entire system has been implemented based on Zynq FPGA evaluation board. The design has been tested on two MRI images and the results are compared with the Matlab to determine the efficiency of the proposed system. The proposed hardware system has achieved an overall good accuracy compared to Matlab where it ranged between 90.00% and 99.48%

Geochemistry, Depositional Environment, and Provenance of the Cretaceous Radiolarian Chert in Northeastern Kurdistan, Iraq

The radiolarian chert rocks are one of the most important indications of the existence of ophiolites because they are a source of silica supply. These rocks have been studied to refute and reject the idea that ophiolites do not existed. The Si/(Si+Al+Fe+Ca) ratio in the radiolarian chert indicates that the silica is of biogenic origin and adds SiO2 from the shale fraction through diagenetic processes. The high values of Fe2O3 content indicate the hydrothermal effect during precipitation. This effect is controlled by the distance between the sediments and the mid-oceanic ridge or sea floor metamorphism. The phosphorus could be a direct result of volcanic activity associated with ophiolitic rocks, whereas, the negative correlation coefficient of phosphorous with calcium (r = -0.53) supports the idea that the source of phosphorous is volcanic activity that is not related to the carbonate fluorapatite mineral. REEs shows a basic difference as a positive cerium anomaly in section Q2 and a negative cerium anomaly in section Q1. The Al-Fe-Mn diagram shows that all samples fall into the field I non-hydrothermal zone, but in the SiO2 vs Al2O3 diagram the samples of the Q1 section fall into the hydrothermal field, and samples of the Q2 section fall into the non-hydrothermal field. The input materials in Qulqula radiolarian chert come from terrigenous sediments in both sections. On the other hand, the Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio range, (between 0.61 to 0.70), is very close to the average shale composite value, (0.6.19), which may reflect the contribution from continental and non-hydrothermal sediments, while the lower values of this ratio reflect hydrothermal source input. The MnO2 /TiO2 ratios ranged between 0.06 to 2.37 in section Q1 which represents typical characteristics of the deep ocean, trenches, and basaltic plateau sediments

Knowledge and Awareness about Aggravating Factors of the Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Peptic ulcer disease is a gastrointestinal disorder due to the imbalance between the defense mechanism and gastric acid secretion. It affects 5-10% of the population worldwide and induces eight million deaths every year globally. In Sudan, this disease represents one of the major health problems. Limited studies have shown the knowledge level of Sudanese about aggravating factors of Peptic ulcer disease, which lead to more prevalent complications. Therefore, this study aimed to assess awareness about aggravating factors of peptic ulcer disease among the population of Khartoum state, Sudan. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study targeted the general population in Khartoum state during the period from January to June 2022. We used an online survey form to collect data from the study population. The distribution of the questionnaire was done via social media tools. We analyzed the data using SPSS Software version 26. Results: The study included 398 participants, 40.7% of them male and 59.3% female, with mean age equal to 24.9 (SD=8.9), and a range between (18-64). Most of the participants (77.1%) were unmarried and (89.2%) were educated. The type of food was the most known risk factor (79.1%) and the weather changes were the least known risk factor (8.5%) that have effects on peptic ulcers. There also was a significant difference between educated and non-educated people based on the awareness of peptic ulcer risk factors, as the second was higher (p>0.000). Furthermore, people with peptic ulcers and people who have one or more members of their family with peptic ulcers scored more than nonpatients and those who did not have (p>0.000, p= 0.04; respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, awareness about aggravating factors of peptic ulcers was variable among the population in Khartoum state. Our study findings revealed a high knowledge effect of type of food, helicobacter pylori, analgesic medications, drinking coffee, smoking, and social stress of the majority population. As for other factors, weather changes, genetic factors, and body weight were associated with a poor level of awareness. Lastly, these results need to be affirmed by furthermore research with a large sample among the general population in different regions in Sudan

Sliding Mode Controller for Electromechanical System with Chattering Attenuation

Electromechanical systems (EMS) may be considered as devices transforming electrical into mechanical energy. Every system that belongs to the electromechanical class can be decomposed in an electrical (ES) and a mechanical subsystem (MS). The motion control systems can be quite complicated because many different factors have to be considered in the design of electromechanical systems. These factors can be summarized as the nonlinearity, non-smoothness in its model, the uncertainty in system model parameters and non-satisfying matching condition. In this paper a new sliding mode control design approach for the EMS is proposed without neglecting the inductance in the electrical part or approximating the non-smooth perturbation. The first step in the proposed controller design consists of transforming the ES to a low pass filter (LPF) and then (the second step) designing a sliding mode controller (SMC) to the MS that will reject system model uncertainty and the effect of non-smooth disturbances. With a suitable selected LPF time constant, the SMC which controls the MS is nearly the equivalent control and as a result the chattering is attenuated greater than that in the case of classical SMC which designed by ignoring the electrical subsystem and also with a smaller control effort. The simulation results, of applying the proposed sliding mode control to an electromechanical system, show its superiority compared with classical SMC designed in two effective SMC features beside forcing the state to follow the desired position where chattering amplitude is greatly reduced with a significant reduction in control action value (approximately equal to third the required input voltage with the classical SMC)

Synergetic Effect of Green Tea Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts with Ciprofloxacin Against some Standard bacterial Strains: In vitro study

Resistance to commonly-prescribed antibiotics is a global public health problem. Unfortunately resistance has been reported even to newer, potent and expensive antimicrobial agents thus, it necessary to find alternative treatment, such as medicinal plants either alone or in combination with antibiotics due to their fewer reported side effects moreover, their possible affordability and availability. Green Tea (GT) has potential benefits in many aspects most notably in cardiovascular diseases, cancer and obesity. The present study designed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of GT aqueous and alcoholic extracts against standard strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Moreover, this study provides novel findings about the synergetic activity of GT alcoholic extract and Ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Two standard antimicrobial susceptibility procedures were used, well diffusion method and broth dilution technique. The clear inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of each extract was measured. The results obtained showed that the GT alcoholic extract had promising antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 only whereas, the two tested strains were resistant to all concentrations of GT aqueous extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the GT alcoholic extract against S. aureus ATCC 25923 were 225 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, sub-MIC (200mg/ml) of GT alcoholic extract increased the IZD of Ciprofloxacin against S. aureus ATCC 25923 by 62.5 % which confirmed the synergistic effect. Finally, further studies in the GT with other organic solvents are of paramount importance and highly recommended.

Wireless Sensor Network Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a high potential technology used in many fields (agriculture, earth, environmental monitoring, resources union, health, security, military, and transport, IoT technology). The band width of each cluster head is specific, thus, the number of sensors connected to each cluster head is restricted to a maximum limit and exceeding it will weaken the connection service between each sensor and its corresponding cluster head. This will achieve the research objective which refers to reaching the state where the proposed system energy is stable and not consuming further more cost. The main challenge is how to distribute the cluster heads regularly on a specified area, that’s why a solution was supposed in this research implies finding the best distribution of the cluster heads using a genetic algorithm. Where using an optimization algorithm, keeping in mind the cluster heads positions restrictions, is an important scientific contribution in the research field of interest. The novel idea in this paper is the crossover of two-dimensional integer encoded individuals that replacing an opposite region in the parents to produce the children of new generation. The mutation occurs with probability of 0.001, it changes the type of 0.05 sensors found in handled individual. After producing more than 1000 generations, the achieved results showed lower value of fitness function with stable behavior. This indicates the correct path of computations and the accuracy of the obtained results. The genetic algorithm operated well and directed the process towards improving the genes to be the best possible at the last generation. The behavior of the objective function started to be regular gradually throughout the produced generations until reaching the best product in the last generation where it is shown that all the sensors are connected to the nearest cluster head. As a conclusion, the genetic algorithm developed the sensors’ distribution in the WSN model, which confirms the validity of applying of genetic algorithms and the accuracy of the results

Simultaneous Determination and Stability Studies on Diminazene Diaceturate and Phenazone Using Developed Derivative Spectrophotometric Method

This work presents UV first derivative spectrophotometry as a precise, accurate, and feasible method for simultaneous determination of diminazene diaceturate and phenazone in bulk and dosage forms. The absorbance values of diminazene diaceturate and phenazone aqueous mixture were obtained at 398 nm and 273 nm, respectively. The developed method was proved to be linear over the concentration ranges (2–10) μg/mL and (2.496–12.48) μg/mL for diminazene diaceturate and phenazone, respectively, with good correlation coefficients (not less than 0.997). The detection and quantitation limits were found to be (LOD = 0.63 and 0.48 μg/mL; LOQ = 1.92 and 1.47 μg/mL, resp.). The developed method was employed for stability studies of both drugs under different stress conditions. Diminazene diaceturate was prone to degrade at acidic pH via first-order kinetics. The degradation process was found to be temperature dependent with an activation energy of 7.48 kcal/mole. Photo-stability was also investigated for this drug

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely