Radiographic Quality of Root Canal Obturation Performed By Fifth Year Students of Hamadan Dental School

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the radiographic technical quality of root canal therapy performed by fifth year students of Dental School of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from 2015 to 2016. Methods and Materials: Four hundred and seventy records of root canal therapies were evaluated. Records with graphies taken as initial, master apical file (MAF), master apical cone (MAC) and final radiographs were included in the study and records of patient younger than 16 years and older than 68 years were excluded from further investigations. Lastly, 432 teeth were selected. Obturation length, canal tapering, quality and density of filling material were the variables investigated in the present study. Two independent investigators examined the radiographies using a magnifying lens (×2) and x-ray viewer. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The technical quality of root filling performed by undergraduate dental students was classified as acceptable in 10.4% of cases. Moreover, 70.8% of teeth had adequate filling, 17.1% were underfilled and 12% were overfilled. The three groups were significantly different in terms of working length and taper quality. One hundred ninety four (44.9%) records had adequate taper and 109 (25%) records had adequate density. There was a significant association between teeth location and the length of obturation so that the probability of a successful treatment was higher in maxillary teeth. Furthermore, the rate of a proper length of obturation was higher among incisors than that of premolars and molars. Conclusion: The technical quality of root canal therapy performed by dental students in Hamadan University of medical sciences is not as acceptable as it should be. One of the most important factors in this regard is a high student/professor ratio.Keywords: Dental Students; Quality Control; Root Canal Obturation; Root Canal Therap

Reconstruction de la surface de Fermi par ordre de densité de charge dans le supraconducteur cuprate LSCO

Abstract: Since the discovery of cuprate superconductors in 1986, the key enduring question is: why is the superconducting transition temperature Tc so high? An answer to this question requires that we understand the link between the superconducting phase and two other phases of cuprates: a phase of charge-density-wave (CDW) order and themysterious pseudogap phase. We also need to understand the link between the latter two phases. For my MSc project, my goal was to delineate the region of CDWorder in the doping phase diagram of the cuprate La2−xSrxCuO4 (LSCO), in the T = 0 limit in the absence of superconductivity. For this purpose, I performed measurements of the Hall coefficient RH and the Seebeck coefficient S at low temperature and high magnetic field, on several samples of LSCO in the doping range from x = 0.07 to x = 0.15. Because the magnetic field needed to suppress superconductivity at some of these dopings exceeds 20 T, some measurements had to be done at high magnetic field laboratories, namely the Laboratoire National des Champs Magentique Intenses in Grenoble and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee. Transport measurements can detect the presence of CDWorder via the impact that it has on the Fermi surface, namely a reconstruction that produces a small electron-like Fermi pocket, detected as a drop in RH(T) and S/T to negative values at low temperature, as previously established for the cuprate YBCO [1, 2, 3]. In LSCO, we observe a similar drop in RH(T) and S/T to negative values at x = 0.11, 0.12 and 0.13, the three dopings where CDW order has been observed by x-ray diffraction [4]. Extending to lower and higher dopings, we find that CDW-induced Fermi-surface reconstruction is confined to 0.085 < p < 0.15. The fact that the CDW phase ends at pCDW = 0.15, distinctly below the end point of the pseudogap phase at p∗ = 0.18, implies that the two phases are distinct. One can therefore treat them separately in their impact on superconductivity. [Symboles non conformes]Résumé : Depuis la découverte des cuprates supraconducteurs en 1986, la plus importante question qui demeure est : pourquoi leur température de transition supraconductrice Tc est-elle si élevée? Obtenir une réponse à cette question requiert que l’on comprenne le lien entre la phase supraconductrice et deux autres phases des cuprates : une phase d’onde de densité de charge (ODC) et la mystérieuse phase pseudogap. Il est aussi important de comprendre le lien entre ces deux dernières phases. Lors de mon projet de maîtrise, mon but était de délimiter la région dans laquelle l’ODC subsiste dans le diagramme de phase du cuprate La2−xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) dans la limite T = 0 en l’absence de la supraconductivité. À cette fin, j’ai effectué des mesures des coefficients de Hall RH et Seebeck S à basse température et à champ magnétique intense sur différents échantillons de LSCO dans un intervalle de dopage entre x = 0.07 et x = 0.15. Puisque le champ magnétique requis pour supprimer la supraconductivité à certains de ces dopages excède 20 T, certaines mesures ont dû être effectuées dans des laboratoires de champs magnétiques intenses, spécifiquement au Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses à Grenoble et au National High Magnetic Field Laboratory à Tallahassee. Les mesures de transport peuvent détecter la présence d’ODC via l’effet que cet ordre a sur la surface de Fermi, notamment une reconstruction qui produit une petite poche d’électrons, détectable par une chute de RH(T) et de S/T vers des valeurs négatives à basse température tel qu’établi dans le cuprate YBCO [1, 2, 3]. Dans LSCO, nous observons un chute similaire de RH(T) et de S/T vers des valeurs négatives a x = 0.11, 0.12 et 0.13, les trois dopages auxquels l’ODC a été observée par diffraction des rayons X [4]. En étendant l’étude à des dopages plus bas et plus élevés, nous trouvons que la reconstruction de la surface de Fermi induite par l’ODC est confinée à 0.085 < p < 0.15. Le fait que l’ODC disparaisse à pCDW = 0.15, bien en dessous du point limite de la phase pseudogap à p∗ = 0.18, implique que ces deux phases sont distinctes. Elles peuvent donc être traitées séparément lorsqu’on étudie leur impact sur la supraconductivité. [Symboles non conformes

Critique and evaluation of published articles quality of Health Sciences qualitative Researches Journal based on CASP scale

Recently, rate of journals and published article in the medical sciences has grown, but the quality of these journals and published articles should be criticized. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of criticizing quality of published studies in the qualitative research in health sciences journal based on the CASP scale. Methods: This study has been done with a cross-sectional descriptive method. In this study, the quality assessment of qualitative articles published in the Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences in two steps was performed. In the first stage, the quantity of published studies by descriptive statics has been investigated. In the second stage, based on CASP scale evaluation was perform. Results: The highest percentage of published articles related to content analysis with 52.9% and the lowest percentage of published articles related to ethnography and mixed method with 0.42%. In the 83.1 percentage of published articles, CASP-related indicators are also observed. The highest compliance rate of CASP scale indicators is related to the index of the clarity of the research goals, which is observed in 100% of published articles. The least observance of the indexes in the published articles is related to ethical questions which 65.5 percentage of published articles has been followed. In general Conclusion: Based on findings, recently the quality and quantity of published articles in Qualitative Research in Health Sciences journal is growing, but rate of some types of published studies and their quality is low, which these items should be improve

Total antioxidant capacity of saliva and dental caries

Objective: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Saliva has many functions in the oral cavity and is the first line defense against dental caries. Oxidative stress can affect initiation and progression of many inflammatory and infectious diseases such as dental caries. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva and dental caries. Study D esign: 100 healthy high school students (50 female and 50 male) with age range of 15 -17 years were randomly selected, divided to four groups. Unstimulated whole saliva specimens were collected at the morning. TAC of saliva was evaluated by spectrophotometric assay. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student's t-test, by SPSS 13. Results: The level of TAC was significantly higher in the saliva of caries active group relative to the caries free subjects. Statistical analysis for male and female groups showed a statistically significant reduction of TAC level in female group. Conclusion: TAC was higher in caries active group. Thus this result showed that total antioxidant capacity may influence in dental caries and activity can be measured by salivary factors and this may be helpful in preventive dentistry

Factors Associated with the Choice of Peritoneal Dialysis in Iran: Qualitative Study

BACKGROUND: Decision making about the type of dialysis in kidney failure is a matter of great importance involving the patients, his/her family, and the health care team. Identifying the factors influencing decision making for undergoing peritoneal dialysis helps the development of this therapeutic method in patients.AIM: The present study aims at explaining the factors influencing decision making about undergoing PD in ESRD patientsMETHOD: The present study is a qualitative research, which utilizes content analysis method. A semi-structured and in-depth interview was conducted with the 19 participants that selected by purposefully sampling. All interviews were recorded subsequent to receiving consent of the participants and were analyzed using content analysis method.RESULTS: The first codification process resulted in 345 codes, which finally decreased to 278 codes by continuous reading and removal of duplicates. Overall, two main categories and eight categories namely facilitating factors (viz. family atmosphere, hemodialysis problems, PD advantages, and social environment) and inhibitory factors (viz. inefficient family, PD requirements, attitudes towards hemodialysis, and the country treatment system) were selected from the total 19 sub-categories and 278 codes.CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that various personal, family-related, psychological, social, and economic factors could affect the decision on the type of dialysis in patients. Therefore, basic infrastructures such as social support, education, and even the specialist and positive perspective of the Ministry of Health are required to choose this therapeutic method

Intravenous Morphine vs Intravenous Ketofol for Treating Renal Colic; a Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: The main purpose of emergency department (ED) management for renal colic  is prompt pain relief. The present study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of intravenus (IV) ketofol with morphine in management of ketorolac persistent renal colic. Methods: This study is a single blind randomized, clinical trial, on patients who were presented to ED with renal colic, whose pain was resistant to 30 mg IV ketorolac. The patients were randomly assigned to either IV morphine (0.1 mg/kg) or IV ketofol (0.75 mg/kg propofol and 0.75 mg/kg) and the measures of treatment efficacy were compared between the groups after 5 and 10 minutes. Results: 90 patients with mean age of 38.01 ± 9.78 years were randomly divided into 2 groups of 45 (66.7% male). Treatment failure rate was significantly lower in ketofol group after 5 (20% vs 62.2%, p &lt; 0.001) and 10 minutes (11.1% vs 44.4%, p &lt; 0.001). ARR and NNT for ketofol after 5 miutes were 42.22% (95% CI: 23.86 – 60.59) and 3 (95% CI: 1.7 - 4.2), respectively. After 10 minutes, these measures reached 33.33 (95% CI:16.16 – 50.51) and 4 (95% CI: 2.0 - 6.2), respectively. NNH and ARI for hallucination or agitation were 12 (95%CI: 5.8 - 174.2) and 8.89% (0.57 - 17.20), respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study, showed the significant superiority of ketofol (NNT at 5 minute = 3 and NNT at 10 minute = 4)  in ketorolac resistant renal colic pain management. However, its NNH of 12, could limit its routine application in ED for this purpose