PERLATIHAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARTU AKSARA MELALUI STRATEGI PERMAINAN BAHASA PADA PENYANDANG TUNAAKSARA TINGKAT DASAR

Penelitian ini berdasar dari tiga permasalahan yang terdapat pada pembelajaran membaca permulaan untuk andragogi, yakni tutor atau pengajar kesulitan menemukan ide kreatif mengajarkan membaca permulaan sehingga waktu pembelajaran tidak efektif, penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang kurang menekankan interaksi antara sesama warga belajar, dan penggunaan media pembelajaran yang kurang kreatif. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk meningkatkan keterampilan warga belajar dalam membaca permulaan dengan media kartu aksara melalui strategi permainan bahasa. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen subjek tunggal. Penelitian dilakukan di PKBM Kinanti, Jayagiri. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah warga belajar tunaaksara tingkat dasar yang berjumlah tiga orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan keterampilan warga belajar tunaaksara tingkat dasar dalam kemampuan membaca. Kemampuan membaca permulaan warga belajar tunaaksara tingkat dasar di PKBM Kinanti pada kondisi awal atau baseline-1, skor yang diproleh dengan rata-rata 94,33 dari total skor keseluruhan 220. Pada kondisi akhir atau baseline-2 skor kemampuan membaca permulaan warga belajar tunaaksara tingkat dasar di PKBM Kinanti diproleh skor rata-rata 163,33 dari total skor keseluruhan 220. Jika dipersentasekan hasil rata-rata skor kemampuan membaca permulaan warga belajar tunaaksara tingkat dasar di PKBM Kinanti, memperoleh 42,87% pada kondisi awal atau baseline-1 dan 74,24% pada kondisi akhir atau baseline-2 setelah mendapat treatment (B). Rata-rata persentase skor A-1 dan A-2 memperlihatkan peningkatan kemampuan membaca permulaan warga belajar tunaaksara tingkat dasar di PKBM This research based on three problems contained in the learning reading beginning to Andragogy, that tutor or teacher difficulty finding creative ideas to teach reading the beginning so that instructional time is not effective, the use of teaching methods that do not emphasize the interaction between fellow citizens to learn, and using of learning media who less creative. The research seeks to increasing reading skills of the learners in the beginning of with the script through the media card game strategy language. The method used is a single subject experimental research. The study was conducted at PKBM Kinanti, Jayagiri. Subjects in this study were residents learn illiterate basic level, amounting to three people. The results showed an increase in the skills people learn illiterate basic level in reading skills. Capabilities to read the beginning of illiterate people learn the basic level in the circumstances of the PKBM Kinanti initial or baseline-1, the score obtained with an average overall score of 94.33 out of a total of 220. At the end of the condition or baseline-2 balanced literacy learners beginning illiterate basic level in PKBM Kinanti have been average score of 163.33 out of a total score of 220. If results overall average score of the ability to read the beginning of the learners in the elementary level illiterate PKBM Kinanti, gained 42.87% in the initial or baseline condition-1 and 74.24% at the end or baseline condition-2 after receiving treatment (B). The average percentage score of A-1 and A-2 showed an increase in the ability to read the beginning of the learning community illiterate base rate at 31.37% PKBM Kinanti difference. This proves the card media literacy through language games strategy have a positive impact

Urdu in Devanagari: Shifting orthographic practices and Muslim identity in Delhi

In sociolinguistics, Urdu and Hindi are considered to be textbook examples of digraphia—a linguistic situation in which varieties of the same language are written in different scripts. Urdu has traditionally been written in the Arabic script, whereas Hindi is written in Devanagari. Analyzing the recent orthographic practice of writing Urdu in Devanagari, this article challenges the traditional ideology that the choice of script is crucial in differentiating Urdu and Hindi. Based on written data, interviews, and ethnographic observations, I show that Muslims no longer view the Arabic script as a necessary element of Urdu, nor do they see Devanagari as completely antithetical to their identity. I demonstrate that using the strategies of phonetic and orthographic transliteration, Muslims are making Urdu-in-Devanagari different from Hindi, although the difference is much more subtle. My data further shows that the very structure of a writing system is in part socially constitute

Effects of bit geometry in multiple bit-rock interaction

The impact of bit-coal/rock interaction during the cutting process in underground mines is great concern to the mining community of the world. Rock/coal cutting bears directly on rock/coal dust generation that causes black lung/silicosis in miners. On the other hand, rock cutting generates radiance of sparks that has potential to cause face ignition. Bit wear affects productivity, safety and economy. Hundreds of face ignitions and millions of dollars in productivity and compensation for respirable rock/coal dust related diseases are attributed to the cutting action of continuous miners/shearers. These undesirable impacts could be minimized by proper selection of bit types, bit design, cutting parameters of the cutting head, and amount of water and position of water jets. This thesis evaluates the effects of bit geometry in multiple bits---rock interaction, utilizing an automated rotary coal cutting simulator (ARCCS) and synthetic rock. Five types of bit/cutting tool with different cone and tip geometry were tested against the synthetic rock of 16&inches; x 14&inches; x 4&inches; dimension. The rotation of the cutting drum was kept at 100 rpm and the cutting drum was advanced at 0.14 in/sec of advance. Cutting force, penetration force, rate of advance and respirable dust were measured during the cutting process. Specific energy and specific dust were also calculated for each experiment

CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF A SALT GRADIENT SOLAR POND FOR HOT WATER SUPPLY

Solar pond technology is being used in this world for the past many years, yet this technology has to prove its effectiveness in energy starved country like Pakistan and resolve energy crisis of the country. This research discusses basic principles of solar pond design, construction of a prototype solar pond, thermal energy extraction from the solar pond and cost benefit analysis of this technology for industrial sector in Pakistan in the form of a case study

Multiplex Technology for Biomarker Immunoassays

The simultaneous measurement of different substances from a single sample is an emerging area for achieving efficient and high-throughput detection in several applications. Although immunoanalytical techniques are established and advantageous over alternative screening analytical platforms, one of the challenges for immunoassays is multiplexing. While ELISA is still commonly used to characterise a single analyte, laboratories and organisations are moving towards multiplex immunoassays. The validation of novel biomarkers and their amalgamation into multiplex immunoassays confers the prospects of simultaneous measurement of multiple analytes in a single sample, thereby minimising cost, time and sample. Therefore, the technological advancement in clinical sciences is helpful in the identification of analytes or biomarkers in test samples. However, the analytical bioanalysers are expensive and capable of detecting only a small amount or type of analytes. The simultaneous measurement of different substances from a single sample called multiplexing has become increasingly important for the quantification of pathological or toxicological samples. Although multiplex assays have many advantages over conventional assays, there are also problems that may cause apprehension among clinicians and researchers. Hence, many challenges still remain for these multiplexing systems which are at early stages of development

Challenges Posed by Locational Data Privacy

With the growth of innovative positioning technologies, research into individuals’ behavioral challenges posed by location-based services has become increasingly popular in recent years. Scholars from various social sciences and management disciplines have attempted to address such challenges in order to understand and mitigate concerns for locational-data privacy. In view of the broad applicability of location-based services, we conduct a review of eight prominent IS journals to investigate and understand individuals’ behavioral challenges in using such services. Our review reveals that perception of individuals’ locational-data privacy is constantly influenced by their respective social norms, social reality, and cultural background as well as their current geographical or locational factor. In light of this finding, we outline possible directions and opportunities for further IS research around three philosophical approaches- “positivist”, “interpretivist”, and “critical”- with the aim of enriching our discussion of how and why individuals’ social reality and cultural factors influence their perception of locational- data privacy