Clinical features of 314 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.Background: Immunomodulatory drugs (IMD), Interferon β1a, β1b and glatiramer acetate are available in the Chilean public health system since June 2008 for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). Diagnostic confirmation and programmed follow up of these patients is carried out at a public national reference center. Aim: To describe the epidemiological and clinical features of 314 patients evaluated in this center between 2008 and 2012. Patients and Methods: Review of clinical records, to obtain information about demographic background, medical history, expanded disability status scale of Kurtzke (EDSS), multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC), intensity fatigue scale of Krupp, Rao’s Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BNR-R) and anxious-depressive manifestations using Hamilton and Beck questionnaires. Results: The ages of patients ranged from 12 to 63 years and 67% were women. The initial symptoms were sensory disturbances in 20%, motor alterations in 18% and optical neuritis in 16%. In 9% of patients, the disease began with several manifestations. The EDSS was 4 or less in 73% of patients and cognitive impairment was observed in 34%. Treatment failure during the first and second years, occurred in 23 and 26% of patients, respectively. Male gender, age under 40 and brainstem malfunction at the onset of disease, were predictive of treatment failure during the second year. Conclusions: The features of these patients are very similar to those reported abroad. (Rev Med Chile 2014; 142: 559-566) Key words: Disease progression; Immunomodulation; Multiple Sclerosisi, Relapsin-Remittin

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope results. II. EHT and multiwavelength observations, data processing, and calibration

We present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5–11 campaign. The observations were carried out with eight facilities at six locations across the globe. Novel calibration methods are employed to account for Sgr A*'s flux variability. The majority of the 1.3 mm emission arises from horizon scales, where intrinsic structural source variability is detected on timescales of minutes to hours. The effects of interstellar scattering on the image and its variability are found to be subdominant to intrinsic source structure. The calibrated visibility amplitudes, particularly the locations of the visibility minima, are broadly consistent with a blurred ring with a diameter of ∼50 μas, as determined in later works in this series. Contemporaneous multiwavelength monitoring of Sgr A* was performed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz and at near-infrared and X-ray wavelengths. Several X-ray flares from Sgr A* are detected by Chandra, one at low significance jointly with Swift on 2017 April 7 and the other at higher significance jointly with NuSTAR on 2017 April 11. The brighter April 11 flare is not observed simultaneously by the EHT but is followed by a significant increase in millimeter flux variability immediately after the X-ray outburst, indicating a likely connection in the emission physics near the event horizon. We compare Sgr A*'s broadband flux during the EHT campaign to its historical spectral energy distribution and find that both the quiescent emission and flare emission are consistent with its long-term behavior.http://iopscience.iop.org/2041-8205Physic

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multiwavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration

We present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5–11 campaign. The observations were carried out with eight facilities at six locations across the globe. Novel calibration methods are employed to account for Sgr A*'s flux variability. The majority of the 1.3 mm emission arises from horizon scales, where intrinsic structural source variability is detected on timescales of minutes to hours. The effects of interstellar scattering on the image and its variability are found to be subdominant to intrinsic source structure. The calibrated visibility amplitudes, particularly the locations of the visibility minima, are broadly consistent with a blurred ring with a diameter of ∼50 μas, as determined in later works in this series. Contemporaneous multiwavelength monitoring of Sgr A* was performed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz and at near-infrared and X-ray wavelengths. Several X-ray flares from Sgr A* are detected by Chandra, one at low significance jointly with Swift on 2017 April 7 and the other at higher significance jointly with NuSTAR on 2017 April 11. The brighter April 11 flare is not observed simultaneously by the EHT but is followed by a significant increase in millimeter flux variability immediately after the X-ray outburst, indicating a likely connection in the emission physics near the event horizon. We compare Sgr A*’s broadband flux during the EHT campaign to its historical spectral energy distribution and find that both the quiescent emission and flare emission are consistent with its long-term behavior

Proposal preparation and phase 2 tutorial: APEX

N/

Percepción de los empleadores respecto del desempeño del profesor de educación física UNAB y su concordancia con el perfil de egreso

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Educación General Básica, Licenciado en Educación)La presente investigación indagó en las percepciones que los empleadores de egresados de la carrera de Educación Física de la Universidad Andrés Bello tienen acerca de éstos, buscando identificar fortalezas y aspectos a mejorar, midiendo el grado de concordancia entre el perfil de egreso de los alumnos y lo que los empleadores realmente perciben. Por una parte, no se había realizado este tipo de sondeo respecto de esta temática para obtener información real y, por otra parte, porque la información que se busca recoger y analizar es considerada como muy relevante para la planificación curricular a futuro. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo mediante una metodología de tipo mixta. Cuantitativamente, se realizó una encuesta con formato de respuesta basado en la escala Likert, lo cual permite obtener mucha información de manera rápida y certera. Cualitativamente, y como complemento a la parte cuantitativa de la encuesta, se incluyó una pregunta abierta en que los encuestados podían opinar libremente en cuanto a lo requerido. Esta encuesta fue aplicada de manera online por el grupo de tesistas. En cuanto a los resultados, los egresados actualmente se desenvuelven de muy buena manera en su ejercer docente, mostrando así también un buen nivel de profesionalismo. En general, los egresados poseen las cualidades y características que se encuentran declaradas en el perfil de egreso de la carrera en los ámbitos teórico, valórico y práctico, representando así un alto nivel de concordancia con el perfil de egreso declarado por la carrera.The current research inquired into the perceptions that Universidad Andrés Bello Physical education´s graduates ´employers have about the University leavers, looking to identify strengths and aspects to be improved, measuring the concordance grade between the students´ profile and employers really perceive. On one hand, it had never been done this kind of survey about this topic to get real information and, on the other hand, because of the information that is searched to choose and analyze is considered very relevant for the future curriculum planning. This investigation was carried out using a mixed methodology. Quantitatively, a survey was done with an answering format based on the Likert Scale, which allows to get too much information in a very fast and precise way. Qualitatively, and as a complement of the previous part, it was included an opened question to be answered by the survey respondents freely according to the requirements. This survey was applied via online. As for the results, the graduates manage themselves very well as teachers, showing a good level of professionalism. In general, the graduates have the qualities and features that are declared in the profile graduation related to the theoretical, moral and practical area, representing this way a high level of concordance

Neuropsychological assessment of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis prior to the use of immunomodulatory drugs Evaluación neuropsicológica en 129 pacientes chilenos con esclerosis múltiple recurrente remitente previo a inicio de fármacos

Background: The detection of cognitive changes (CC) and psychiatric disorders in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS-RR) contributes to patient clinical monitoring. Aim: To assess the frequency and characteristics of CC and psychiatric disorders in Chilean patients with MS-RR, before starting immunomodulatory treatment. Patients and Methods: Retrospective review of data that was obtained following a standard assessment protocol. It consisted in the application of the Expanded Disability Status Scale of Kurtzke (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), fatigue intensity scale of Krupp, brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological Rao (BRN-R) and Hamilton ́s depression and anxiety questionnaires. Results: We evaluated 129 patients aged between 12 and 60 years of age (69% women). Ninety four percent of patients had eight or more years of schooling. The average EDSS score was 2.83. CC were detected in 62% of participants, in at least one subtest of the BRN-R. The ma