The health benefits of reducing micro-heat islands: A 22-year analysis of the impact of urban temperature reduction on heat-related illnesses in California's major cities

This study investigates the relationship between temporal changes in temperatures characterizing local urban heat islands (UHIs) and heat-related illnesses (HRIs) in seven major cities of California. UHIs, which are a phenomenon that arises in the presence of impervious surfaces or the lack of green spaces exacerbate the effects of extreme heat events, can be measured longitudinally using satellite products. The two objectives of this study were: (1) to identify temperature trends in local temperatures to characterize UHIs across zip code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in the seven observed cities over a 22-year period and (2) to use propensity score and inverse probability weighting to achieve exchangeability between different types of ZCTAs and assess the difference in hospital admissions recorded as HRIs attributable to temporal changes in UHIs. We use monthly land surface temperature data derived from MODIS Terra imagery from the summer months (June-September) from 2000 to 2022. We categorized ZCTAs (into three groups) based on their monthly land surface temperature trends. Of the 216 ZCTAs included in this study, the summertime land surface temperature trends of 43 decreased, while 161 remained unchanged, and 12 increased. Los Angeles had the greatest number of decreased ZCTAs, San Diego and San Jose had the highest number of increased ZCTAs. To analyze the number of monthly HRI attributable to changes in UHI, we used inverse probability of treatment weighting to analyze the difference in HRI between the years of 2006 and 2017 which were two major extreme heat events over the entire State. We observed an average reduction of 3.2 (95 % CI: 0.5; 5.9) HRIs per month and per ZCTAs in decreased neighborhoods as compared to unchanged. This study emphasizes the importance of urban climate adaptation strategies to mitigate the intensity and prevalence of UHIs to reduce health risks related to heat

Assessment of the variability of the I-V characteristic of HfO2-based resistive switching devices and its simulation using the quasi-static memdiode model

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UABVariability of the conduction characteristics of filamentary-type resistive switching devices or resistive RAMs (RRAMs) is a hot research topic both in academia and industry because it is currently considered one of the major showstoppers for the successful development and application of this technology. In this work, we thoroughly investigate the statistics of the cycle-to-cycle (C2C) variability observed in the experimental current-voltage (I-V) curves of HfO-based memristive structures using the fitdistrplus package for the R language. This exploratory analysis allows us to identify which parametric probability distributions are the most suitable candidates for describing our data. This study involves graphical tools such as the density, skewness-kurtosis (S-K), and quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots. The analysis is completed with the aid of goodness-of-fit statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-von Mises, Anderson-Darling) and criteria (Akaike's and Bayesian). The selected distributions are incorporated into the SPICE script of the quasi-static memdiode model for resistive switching devices and used for simulating uncorrelated C2C variability. Finally, a one-way sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to test the impact of the model parameters variation in the output characteristics of the device

Abuso sexual infantil: la atemporalidad del trauma, consecuencias psíquicas y su incidencia en el cuerpo

El abuso sexual infantil es una de las formas más graves de violencia contra la infancia que atenta contra la integridad sexual de los/as niños/as y adolescentes ocasionando efectos devastadores en el psiquismo. Entendemos al abuso sexual infantil como un suceso traumático el cual muchas veces crece en la oscuridad del secreto y la impunidad donde el silencio intensifica las consecuencias y el ocultamiento las agrava. Este produce consecuencias psicológicas que frecuentemente no son asociadas al mismo pero que a largo plazo dejan huellas importantes en el psiquismo. Es en este contexto, donde el cuerpo se presenta como escenario de lo no dicho, de aquello no elaborado, traumático que irrumpe en el psiquismo trayendo consigo síntomas o patologías durante el desarrollo. Las consecuencias del abuso sexual infantil serán más graves cuanto mayor sea la magnitud del estímulo traumático, la implicación afectiva y la autoridad simbólica que el abusador represente, relacionado además con la prolongación en el tiempo de dichos sucesos y su impacto en la temporalidad psíquica. Las investigaciones demuestran que entre las patologías más frecuentes producto del abuso encontramos: trastornos de alimentación, depresión y trastornos por estrés postraumático.Sexual child abuse is one of the most serious forms of violence against childhood, which attempts against sexual integrity of children and teenagers, causing effects on their psyche. We understand child abuse as a traumatic event which, many times, happens in the darkness of secrecy and impunity, where silence intensified the consequences and hiding it makes them worse. Child abuse has psychological consequences that many times are not associated with it, but in long term leave important marks in the psyche. It is in this context where the body is presented as a scene of what is not said, of what is not elaborated, it is traumatic and bursts in the psyche carrying symptoms or pathologies during human development. The consequences of sexual child abuse will be more severe regarding how serious the traumatic stimulus is. The affective implication and the symbolic authority the abuser represents, also related to the duration of the events and their impact on the psychic temporary nature. The investigations show that among the most frequent pathologies resulting from child abuse, we find: eating disorders, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.Facultad de Psicologí

Abuso sexual infantil: la atemporalidad del trauma, consecuencias psíquicas y su incidencia en el cuerpo

El abuso sexual infantil es una de las formas más graves de violencia contra la infancia que atenta contra la integridad sexual de los/as niños/as y adolescentes ocasionando efectos devastadores en el psiquismo. Entendemos al abuso sexual infantil como un suceso traumático el cual muchas veces crece en la oscuridad del secreto y la impunidad donde el silencio intensifica las consecuencias y el ocultamiento las agrava. Este produce consecuencias psicológicas que frecuentemente no son asociadas al mismo pero que a largo plazo dejan huellas importantes en el psiquismo. Es en este contexto, donde el cuerpo se presenta como escenario de lo no dicho, de aquello no elaborado, traumático que irrumpe en el psiquismo trayendo consigo síntomas o patologías durante el desarrollo. Las consecuencias del abuso sexual infantil serán más graves cuanto mayor sea la magnitud del estímulo traumático, la implicación afectiva y la autoridad simbólica que el abusador represente, relacionado además con la prolongación en el tiempo de dichos sucesos y su impacto en la temporalidad psíquica. Las investigaciones demuestran que entre las patologías más frecuentes producto del abuso encontramos: trastornos de alimentación, depresión y trastornos por estrés postraumático.Sexual child abuse is one of the most serious forms of violence against childhood, which attempts against sexual integrity of children and teenagers, causing effects on their psyche. We understand child abuse as a traumatic event which, many times, happens in the darkness of secrecy and impunity, where silence intensified the consequences and hiding it makes them worse. Child abuse has psychological consequences that many times are not associated with it, but in long term leave important marks in the psyche. It is in this context where the body is presented as a scene of what is not said, of what is not elaborated, it is traumatic and bursts in the psyche carrying symptoms or pathologies during human development. The consequences of sexual child abuse will be more severe regarding how serious the traumatic stimulus is. The affective implication and the symbolic authority the abuser represents, also related to the duration of the events and their impact on the psychic temporary nature. The investigations show that among the most frequent pathologies resulting from child abuse, we find: eating disorders, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.Facultad de Psicologí

Abuso sexual infantil: la atemporalidad del trauma, consecuencias psíquicas y su incidencia en el cuerpo

El abuso sexual infantil es una de las formas más graves de violencia contra la infancia que atenta contra la integridad sexual de los/as niños/as y adolescentes ocasionando efectos devastadores en el psiquismo. Entendemos al abuso sexual infantil como un suceso traumático el cual muchas veces crece en la oscuridad del secreto y la impunidad donde el silencio intensifica las consecuencias y el ocultamiento las agrava. Este produce consecuencias psicológicas que frecuentemente no son asociadas al mismo pero que a largo plazo dejan huellas importantes en el psiquismo. Es en este contexto, donde el cuerpo se presenta como escenario de lo no dicho, de aquello no elaborado, traumático que irrumpe en el psiquismo trayendo consigo síntomas o patologías durante el desarrollo. Las consecuencias del abuso sexual infantil serán más graves cuanto mayor sea la magnitud del estímulo traumático, la implicación afectiva y la autoridad simbólica que el abusador represente, relacionado además con la prolongación en el tiempo de dichos sucesos y su impacto en la temporalidad psíquica. Las investigaciones demuestran que entre las patologías más frecuentes producto del abuso encontramos: trastornos de alimentación, depresión y trastornos por estrés postraumático.Sexual child abuse is one of the most serious forms of violence against childhood, which attempts against sexual integrity of children and teenagers, causing effects on their psyche. We understand child abuse as a traumatic event which, many times, happens in the darkness of secrecy and impunity, where silence intensified the consequences and hiding it makes them worse. Child abuse has psychological consequences that many times are not associated with it, but in long term leave important marks in the psyche. It is in this context where the body is presented as a scene of what is not said, of what is not elaborated, it is traumatic and bursts in the psyche carrying symptoms or pathologies during human development. The consequences of sexual child abuse will be more severe regarding how serious the traumatic stimulus is. The affective implication and the symbolic authority the abuser represents, also related to the duration of the events and their impact on the psychic temporary nature. The investigations show that among the most frequent pathologies resulting from child abuse, we find: eating disorders, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.Facultad de Psicologí

Stochastic resonance effect in binary STDP performed by RRAM devices

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.The beneficial role of noise in the binary spike time dependent plasticity (STDP) learning rule, when implemented with memristors, is experimentally analyzed. The two memristor conductance states, which emulate the neuron synapse in neuromorphic architectures, can be better distinguished if a gaussian noise is added to the bias. The addition of noise allows to reach memristor conductances which are proportional to the overlap between pre- and post-synaptic pulses.This research was funded by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Projects PID2019- 103869RB and TEC2017-90969-EXP. The Spanish MicroNanoFab ICTS is acknowledged for sample fabrication.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Measuring long-term exposure to wildfire PM2.5 in California: Time-varying inequities in environmental burden.

Wildfires have become more frequent and intense due to climate change and outdoor wildfire fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations differ from relatively smoothly varying total PM2.5. Thus, we introduced a conceptual model for computing long-term wildfire PM2.5 and assessed disproportionate exposures among marginalized communities. We used monitoring data and statistical techniques to characterize annual wildfire PM2.5 exposure based on intermittent and extreme daily wildfire PM2.5 concentrations in California census tracts (2006 to 2020). Metrics included: 1) weeks with wildfire PM2.5 < 5 μg/m3; 2) days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5; 3) mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week; 4) smoke waves (≥2 consecutive days with <15 μg/m3 wildfire PM2.5); and 5) mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration. We classified tracts by their racial/ethnic composition and CalEnviroScreen (CES) score, an environmental and social vulnerability composite measure. We examined associations of CES and racial/ethnic composition with the wildfire PM2.5 metrics using mixed-effects models. Averaged 2006 to 2020, we detected little difference in exposure by CES score or racial/ethnic composition, except for non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native populations, where a 1-SD increase was associated with higher exposure for 4/5 metrics. CES or racial/ethnic × year interaction term models revealed exposure disparities in some years. Compared to their California-wide representation, the exposed populations of non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (1.68×, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.81), white (1.13×, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.32), and multiracial (1.06×, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.23) people were over-represented from 2006 to 2020. In conclusion, during our study period in California, we detected disproportionate long-term wildfire PM2.5 exposure for several racial/ethnic groups

Práctica de autoexamen bucal en pacientes que concurren a la cátedra de Estomatología B

El autoexamen bucal (AE), es un método no invasivo,confiable y de bajo costo, recomendado para la poblacióngeneral como una manera de concientizar acerca del cáncerbucal. Objetivo. Evaluar conocimientos sobre la práctica deautoexamen de la mucosa bucal, en pacientes que concurren ala Cátedra de Estomatología B. Métodos. Estudio prospectivo,con intervención, para el cual se diseñó un folleto guía, sobrecómo realizar autoexamen para prevenir el cáncer bucal (CB),brindando además información sobre sus factores de riesgo.Antes de la aplicación del dispositivo, se calibró a alumnos yprofesionales asistentes. Se incluyeron: pacientes atendidos enla cátedra de Estomatología B. Previa explicación de lasrazones del estudio y firma de consentimiento, se efectuó uncuestionario acerca de conocimientos generales sobre CB.Luego, en sesiones individuales de 15 minutos, se llevó a cabola instrucción sobre aplicación de la técnica de autoexamen,que debían realizar quincenalmente, especificando que luegode transcurridos 3 (tres) meses, serían contactadostelefónicamente. En esa instancia se efectuaron preguntas,basadas en cuestionario validado, sobre beneficios y barreras ofacilidades para efectuar autoexamen bucal. Las respuestasfueron analizadas según escala de Likert 1-5: 5: totalmente deacuerdo-1 totalmente en desacuerdo. Se escluyeron apacientes que hayan estado bajo tratamiento por CB o que nofirmaron consentimiento. Estudio descriptivo de cada variable,aplicación de test Chi cuadrado y test T para comparar grupos.Se utilizó software InfoStat/Professional versión 2017(Facultad de Agronomía Universidad Nacional de Córdoba).Resultados. Se incluyeron 40 pacientes, edad promedio 49,2rango 18-80, 26( 65 %) sexo femenino. 7 de ellos(17,5%)no respondieron al llamado telefónico a los 3 meses. De los 33restantes, 90,1% de los pacientes, hicieron el autoexamen. Lamedia general al indagar sobre Beneficios (BE) delautoexamen fue 4,54, Barreras (BA) para realizarlo: 2,65 yAutoeficacia(A): 4,08. No se encontraron diferenciassignificativas al analizar los promedios de BA y A entrequienes hicieron y no el AE, sin embargo, se observó unamedia mayor en relación a las BA en las personas que no loefectuaron, adjudicando a la complejidad, necesidad detiempo, privacidad y temor a encontrar algún signo maligno.Conclusiones. Es necesario acompañar la entrega de folletossobre autoexamen, con instrucción a las personas sobre cómoefectuarlo, aclarar dudas y disminuir temores, recordando queno debe ser una práctica aislada del control odontológico derutina.https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/RevFacOdonto/issue/view/1547Fil: Munge, Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: De la Fuente, Marío Micolás. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Aguilera, Vilma Luciana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Dominguéz, Emmanuel Jesús. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Dominguéz, Jorge Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Morelatto, Rosana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Odontología, Medicina y Cirugía Ora

The socioeconomic landscape of the exposome during pregnancy

Background: While socioeconomic position (SEP) is consistently related to pregnancy and birth outcome dis-parities, relevant biological mechanisms are manifold, thus necessitating more comprehensive characterization of SEP-exposome associations during pregnancy. Objectives: We implemented an exposomic approach to systematically characterize the socioeconomic landscape of prenatal exposures in a setting where social segregation was less distinct in a hypotheses-generating manner. Methods: We described the correlation structure of 134 prenatal exogenous and endogenous sources (e.g., micronutrients, hormones, immunomodulatory metabolites, environmental pollutants) collected in a diverse, population-representative, urban, high-income longitudinal mother-offspring cohort (N = 1341; 2009-2011). We examined the associations between maternal, paternal, household, and areal level SEP indicators and 134 ex-posures using multiple regressions adjusted for precision variables, as well as potential effect measure modifi-cation by ethnicity and nativity. Finally, we generated summary SEP indices using Multiple Correspondence Analysis to further explore possible curved relationships. Results: Individual and household SEP were associated with anthropometric/adiposity measures, folate, omega-3 fatty acids, insulin-like growth factor-II, fasting glucose, and neopterin, an inflammatory marker. We observed paternal education was more strongly and consistently related to maternal exposures than maternal education. This was most apparent amongst couples discordant on education. Analyses revealed additional non-linear as-sociations between areal composite SEP and particulate matter. Environmental contaminants (e.g., per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and micronutrients (e.g., folate and copper) showed opposing associations by ethnicity and nativity, respectively. Discussion: SEP-exposome relationships are complex, non-linear, and context specific. Our findings reinforce the potential role of paternal contributions and context-specific modifiers of associations, such as between ethnicity and maternal diet-related exposures. Despite weak presumed areal clustering of individual exposures in our context, our approach reinforces subtle non-linearities in areal-level exposures.Peer reviewe