Cuerpo femenino y abyección en los desnudos de Débora Arango

La representación del cuerpo femenino en los desnudos de Débora Arango fue percibida como trasgresora de los cánones tradicionales de representación de la mujer; esta trasgresión comparte con el análisis de lo abyecto, el hecho de ser considerada como disruptiva de las normas morales y sociales, que para el caso fueron las prevalecientes en pleno gobierno conservador colombiano de principios del siglo XX, lo que conllevó a estereotipar el trabajo de Débora Arango y a su exclusión y autoaislamiento de la comunidad artística.Palabras Clave: Débora Arango, Desnudos, Cuerpo Femenino, Abyección, TransgresiónAbstract: Female Body and Abjection in the nude paintings of Debora Arango. The representation of the female body in the nude paintings of Debora Arango was perceived as a transgression of the traditional canons of representation of women. This transgression shared with the analysis of abjection, the fact of being seen considered as disruptive of social and moral norms which were those prevailing in the colombian conservative government in the early twentieth century. This led to stereotype the work of Debora Arango and to her exclusion and self-isolation from the artistic community.Key words: Debora Arango, Nude Paintings, Female Body, Abjection, Transgression

Development of reverse phase protein microarrays for the validation of clusterin, a mid-abundant blood biomarker

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many putative disease blood biomarkers discovered in genomic and proteomic studies await validation in large clinically annotated cohorts of patient samples. ELISA assays require large quantities of precious blood samples and are not high-throughput. The reverse phase protein microarray platform has been developed for the high-throughput quantification of protein levels in small amounts of clinical samples.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the present study we present the development of reverse-phase protein microarrays (RPPMs) for the measurement of clusterin, a mid-abundant blood biomarker. An experimental protocol was optimized for the printing of serum and plasma on RPPMs using epoxy coated microscope slides and a non-denaturing printing buffer. Using fluorescent-tagged secondary antibodies, we achieved the reproducible detection of clusterin in spotted serum and plasma and reached a limit of detection of 780 ng/mL. Validation studies using both spiked clusterin and clinical samples showed excellent correlations with ELISA measurements of clusterin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Serum and plasma spotted in the reverse phase array format allow for reliable and reproducible high-throughput validation of a mid-abundant blood biomarker such as clusterin.</p

Lectura de contexto y abordaje psicosocial desde los enfoques narrativos Sesquille, Zipaquirá.

En los últimos años se han creado estrategias psicosociales que permiten una cercanía con las víctimas y sus vivencias, para lograr un impacto positivo con estas comunidades afectadas y con cada una de las personas víctimas del conflicto armado. La narrativa es el enfoque que permite trabajar con este tipo de población, brindado herramientas que se pueden aplicar en grupo, alcanzado resultados positivos para las personas o grupos intervenidos pero también inesperados, que arrojan información que permiten ir más allá de una problemática social, esto permite tocar en su totalidad los sentimientos y frustraciones de un pueblo herido, de un pueblo muerto en combate y de un pueblo sin esperanza, convirtiendo todo esto en una mirada positiva y cambiando el rumbo de las cosas y de las acciones. Es por todo lo anterior se busca por medio de estrategias que la violencia no sea el actor principal como lo nombra el siguiente fragmento, Otra de las tensiones tiene que ver con la personalización de la violencia; es decir, se le da a la violencia el carácter de sujeto. De esta forma puede parecer “la violencia” como un sujeto animado que toma decisiones, que se moviliza, que invade y que permea, logrando así una invisibilización de los responsables de los actos de agresión, por ejemplo: “Cuando la violencia arrasó con el pueblo” o “Un día la violencia llegó y ya nada es igual”. Penagos, M; Martínez, P; Arévalo, L. (2009).In recent years, psychosocial strategies have been created that allow closeness to the victims and their experiences, to achieve a positive impact with these affected communities and with each of the victims of the armed conflict. The narrative is the approach that allows working with this type of population, provided tools that can be applied in groups, achieved positive results for people or groups intervened but also unexpected, that throw information that allow to go beyond a social problem, this It allows us to fully touch the feelings and frustrations of a wounded people, a people killed in combat and a people without hope, turning all this into a positive look and changing the course of things and actions. It is for all of the above that strategies are sought so that violence is not the main actor as it is named in the following fragment. Another of the tensions has to do with the personalization of violence; that is, violence is given the character of subject. In this way, violence may appear as an animated subject that makes decisions, mobilizes, invades and permeates, thus achieving an invisibility of those responsible for acts of aggression, for example: "When violence devastated the village "or" One day the violence came and nothing is the same anymore ". Penagos, M; Martínez, P; Arévalo, L. (2009)

Phytochemical Characterization and Fixed Carbon by Ignition of Two Varieties of Cocoa Husk (Theobroma Cacao L.) for Sustainable Use of the Residue

One reality for Colombia is that the government has considered cocoa production to be of great economic importance and plans to progressively increase the areas under cultivation. In this context, only the seed, which represents approximately 10 % of the weight of the fruit, is used for cocoa production. The waste generated consists of the husk or pod, which is a focus for the propagation of pathogens of the Phytophora spp. genus, the main cause of economic losses in cocoa farming. Therefore, this project evaluated the potential use of cocoa pods of ICS-95 and CCN-51 clone based on bromatological, phytochemical, volatile material, and fixed carbon analyses of harvest residues. Laboratory tests were carried out at the Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia - UNIAGRARIA, in the Nutrition and Animal Feeding laboratories, as well as in the Phytochemistry laboratory. The bromatological analysis and preliminary phytochemistry were carried out under the Colombian technical standard, while moisture was determined with the use of standard D3173-87, volatile matter with standard D3175-89 (02), ash with standard D3172-89 (02) and fixed carbon ignition with standard 3172- 89 (02); The latter, considered as the part that is not volatile and burns in solid state of the lignocellulosic material, establishing the difference between the sum of residual moisture, moisture, ash and volatile material and 100. The analysis of the data was carried out in the IBM SPSS Statistics package using a simple analysis of variance and a multiple range test for comparison of means. The comparative analysis of the variables shows a statistically significant difference in fixed carbon content according to the variety under study, but greater than 20% in both cases. The above results agree with those indicated for the % moisture, the response variables of the bromatological analysis, the phytochemical results, and the content of volatile compounds. Keywords: Agricultural, plant fisiology, by-products, agribusiness

A multiplexed, automated immuno-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry assay for simultaneous and precise quantitation of PTEN and p110 alpha in cell lines and tumor tissues

The PI3-kinase/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a central role in cancer signaling. While p110 alpha is the catalytic alpha-subunit of PI3-kinase and a major drug target, PTEN is the main negative regulator of the PI3-kinase/AKT/mTOR pathway. PTEN is often down-regulated in cancer, and there are conflicting data on PTEN's role as breast cancer biomarker. PTEN and p110 alpha protein expression in tumors is commonly analyzed by immunohistochemistry, which suffers from poor multiplexing capacity, poor standardization, and antibody crossreactivity, and which provides only semi-quantitative data. Here, we present an automated, and standardized immuno-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (iMALDI) assay that allows precise and multiplexed quantitation of PTEN and p110 alpha concentrations, without the limitations of immunohistochemistry. Our iMALDI assay only requires a low-cost benchtop MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, which simplifies clinical translation. We validated our assay's precision and accuracy, with simultaneous enrichment of both target proteins not significantly affecting the precision and accuracy of the quantitation when compared to the PTEN- and p110 alpha-singleplex iMALDI assays (<15% difference). The multiplexed assay's linear range is from 0.6-20 fmol with accuracies of 90-112% for both target proteins, and the assay is free of matrix-related interferences. The inter-day reproducibility over 5-days was high, with an overall CV of 9%. PTEN and p110 alpha protein concentrations can be quantified down to 1.4 fmol and 0.6 fmol per 10 mu g of total tumor protein, respectively, in various tumor tissue samples, including fresh-frozen breast tumors and colorectal cancer liver metastases, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors.Proteomic

The Effect of Pre-Analytical Variability on the Measurement of MRM-MS-Based Mid- to High-Abundance Plasma Protein Biomarkers and a Panel of Cytokines

Blood sample processing and handling can have a significant impact on the stability and levels of proteins measured in biomarker studies. Such pre-analytical variability needs to be well understood in the context of the different proteomics platforms available for biomarker discovery and validation. In the present study we evaluated different types of blood collection tubes including the BD P100 tube containing protease inhibitors as well as CTAD tubes, which prevent platelet activation. We studied the effect of different processing protocols as well as delays in tube processing on the levels of 55 mid and high abundance plasma proteins using novel multiple-reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) assays as well as 27 low abundance cytokines using a commercially available multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. The use of P100 tubes containing protease inhibitors only conferred proteolytic protection for 4 cytokines and only one MRM-MS-measured peptide. Mid and high abundance proteins measured by MRM are highly stable in plasma left unprocessed for up to six hours although platelet activation can also impact the levels of these proteins. The levels of cytokines were elevated when tubes were centrifuged at cold temperature, while low levels were detected when samples were collected in CTAD tubes. Delays in centrifugation also had an impact on the levels of cytokines measured depending on the type of collection tube used. Our findings can help in the development of guidelines for blood collection and processing for proteomic biomarker studies

Serum S100A6 Concentration Predicts Peritoneal Tumor Burden in Mice with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Is Associated with Advanced Stage in Patients

BACKGROUND:Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. Five-year survival rates for early stage disease are greater than 94%, however most women are diagnosed in advanced stage with 5 year survival less than 28%. Improved means for early detection and reliable patient monitoring are needed to increase survival. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Applying mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we sought to elucidate an unanswered biomarker research question regarding ability to determine tumor burden detectable by an ovarian cancer biomarker protein emanating directly from the tumor cells. Since aggressive serous epithelial ovarian cancers account for most mortality, a xenograft model using human SKOV-3 serous ovarian cancer cells was established to model progression to disseminated carcinomatosis. Using a method for low molecular weight protein enrichment, followed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis, a human-specific peptide sequence of S100A6 was identified in sera from mice with advanced-stage experimental ovarian carcinoma. S100A6 expression was documented in cancer xenografts as well as from ovarian cancer patient tissues. Longitudinal study revealed that serum S100A6 concentration is directly related to tumor burden predictions from an inverse regression calibration analysis of data obtained from a detergent-supplemented antigen capture immunoassay and whole-animal bioluminescent optical imaging. The result from the animal model was confirmed in human clinical material as S100A6 was found to be significantly elevated in the sera from women with advanced stage ovarian cancer compared to those with early stage disease. CONCLUSIONS:S100A6 is expressed in ovarian and other cancer tissues, but has not been documented previously in ovarian cancer disease sera. S100A6 is found in serum in concentrations that correlate with experimental tumor burden and with clinical disease stage. The data signify that S100A6 may prove useful in detecting and/or monitoring ovarian cancer, when used in concert with other biomarkers

Mycorrhizas in South American Anthropic Environments

The agricultural expansion has leaded to increase the irrigated cropland area and the use of fertilizers, resulting in water degradation, increased energy use, and common pollution. Of particular concern is the increased interest to reduce the environmental impacts of high quantities of water dedicated to irrigation by agricultural activities We are now truly recognizing the importance of sustainable measures in agriculture such as conservation of the vegetation cover and management approach to understand surface and deep soil responses to global change. The agroecology management based on key processes from natural ecosystems can help to solve some agricultural difficulties. Increasing studies on the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has showed their importance for soil ecology and studies on their biodiversity have spread in some agro-ecosystems such as corn and soybean monocultures. Therefore, it is needed to deeply study the mycorrhizal functions under global change. In this chapter, we examine the major developments and advances on mycorrhizal fungi based on recent research from South American countries. New reports on the occurrence of mycorrhizas in Amazonian dark earth, as well as the inoculum production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native of soils under native forest covers, have resulted in a more detailed understanding of the soil biology from South America. Reports from Amazonian dark earth or “Terra preta do índio” soil has stimulated the use of biochar worldwide as a soil conditioner that can add value to non-harvested agricultural products and promote plant growth. Few reports from Brazil showed that the addition of inorganic fertilizer, compost and chicken manure resulted in increases in plant cover and plant species richness. In this sense, the biochar/mycorrhizae interactions also can be prioritized for sequestration of carbon in soils to contribute to climate change mitigation