Padrões de consumo alimentar e níveis pressóricos elevados em brasileiros: estudo transversal, 2013

Objective. To analyze the association between patterns of food consumption markers with high blood pressure levels among Brazilians. Methods. Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey, with outcome high blood pressure levels, measured during an interview, between August and November 2013. Food patterns, the exposure variables, were identified. Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression. Results. The prevalence of high blood pressure levels was 16.0% (95%CI – 15.3;16.7) of the 37,216 participants, being higher in those with a diet that included meat and alcoholic beverages (PR=1.21 – 95%CI 1.08;1.35). The pattern with highest presence of greens and vegetables did not show a statistically significant association com níveis pressóricos elevados (PR=0.94 – 95%CI 0.84;1.06). Conclusion. The pattern with meat and alcoholic beverages was associated with high blood pressure levels.Objetivo. Analisar a associação entre padrões de marcadores do consumo alimentar com níveis pressóricos elevados em brasileiros. Métodos. Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, tendo como desfecho níveis pressóricos elevados, aferidos durante entrevistas realizadas entre agosto e novembro de 2013. Foram identificados padrões de marcadores do consumo alimentar, as variáveis de exposição. Calculou-se razão de prevalências (RP) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão de Poisson multivariável. Resultados. A prevalência de níveis pressóricos elevados foi de 16,0% (IC95% 15,3;16,7) na amostra de 37.216 participantes, sendo maior naqueles com dieta que incluía carne e bebidas alcoólicas (RP=1,21 – IC95% 1,08;1,35). O padrão com maior presença de verduras e legumes não apresentou associação estatisticamente significante com níveis pressóricos elevados (RP=0,94 – IC95% 0,84;1,06). Conclusão. O padrão marcado pelo consumo de carne e bebidas alcoólicas mostrou-se associado com níveis pressóricos elevados

Avaliação de perda hídrica corporal induzida pelo treinamento em praticantes de Jiu Jítsu Brasileiro

Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is a sport that associates intense physical activity with the use of heavy clothing, usually in places where there is a high temperature, leading its practitioners to the risk of dehydration. The present study aims to evaluate the body water loss in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu practitioners during training, as well as to measure their water consumption in this context. For that, an observational, transverse and exploratory study was performed, where body mass measurements were performed before and after training; applications of questionnaires; measurement of the ambient temperature and relative humidity and statistical tests for the measured water loss. Were measured indicators of sweat loss (PS), percentage weight loss (PPP) and sweat loss per hour of activity (PSH). The results pointed to a significant variation of pre and post workout weight (p = 0.001), with mean PS of 980.69 ± 440.18 ml, PPP of 0.84 ± 0.55% and PSH of 1618.67 ± 900.78 ml / h. It is concluded that, despite heterogeneous water losses in the sample, the mean value of the percentage weight loss found is adequate when compared to the positions of specialized entities and that the average water consumption during the practice is lower than that estimated by reference institutes.O Jiu Jítsu Brasileiro é um esporte que associa atividade física intensa ao uso de vestimentas pesadas, comumente em locais onde há uma temperatura ambiente levada, conduzindo seus praticantes ao risco de desidratação. O presente trabalho possui o objetivo de avaliar a perda hídrica corporal em praticantes de Jiu Jítsu Brasileiro durante o treinamento, bem como mensurar seu consumo hídrico nesse contexto. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal e exploratório, onde ocorreram aferições de massa corpórea antes e depois do treino; aplicações de questionários; medição da temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar e realização de testes estatísticos quanto à perda hídrica mensurada. Indicadores de perda de suor (PS), perda de peso percentual (PPP) e perda de suor por hora de atividade (PSH) foram aferidos. Os resultados apontaram para uma variação significante de peso pré e pós treino (p=0,001), com médias de PS de 980,69±440.18 ml, PPP de 0,84±0.55% e PSH de 1618.67±900.78 ml/h. Conclui-se que, apesar de perdas hídricas heterogêneas na amostra, o valor médio da perda de peso percentual encontrada está adequado quando comparado com posicionamentos de entidades especializadas e que o consumo hídrico médio durante a prática mostra-se inferior ao prezado por instituições de referência. ABSTRACT Measurement of body weight loss induced by training in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu practitionersBrazilian Jiu Jitsu is a sport that associates intense physical activity with the use of heavy clothing, usually in places where there is a high temperature, leading its practitioners to the risk of dehydration. The present study aims to evaluate the body water loss in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu practitioners during training, as well as to measure their water consumption in this context. For that, an observational, transverse and exploratory study was performed, where body mass measurements were performed before and after training; applications of questionnaires; measurement of the ambient temperature and relative humidity and statistical tests for the measured water loss. Were measured indicators of sweat loss (PS), percentage weight loss (PPP) and sweat loss per hour of activity (PSH). The results pointed to a significant variation of pre and post workout weight (p = 0.001), with mean PS of 980.69 ± 440.18 ml, PPP of 0.84 ± 0.55% and PSH of 1618.67 ± 900.78 ml / h. It is concluded that, despite heterogeneous water losses in the sample, the mean value of the percentage weight loss found is adequate when compared to the positions of specialized entities and that the average water consumption during the practice is lower than that estimated by reference institutes

Desigualdades sociais associadas com a letalidade por COVID-19 na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre as desigualdades sociais e sanitárias, condições socioeconômicas, segregação espacial e letalidade por COVID-19 em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de casos confirmados e óbitos por COVID-19, tendo como unidades de análise os 119 bairros de Fortaleza. Objective: To analyze the association between social inequalities and sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, spatial segregation and case-fatality rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Methods: Ecological study of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19, in 119 neighborhoods in Fortaleza as units of analysis. We calculated the indicators of incidence, mortality and apparent CFR of COVID-19, between January 1 to June 8, 2020. The socioeconomic indicators were extracted from the Demographic Census of Brazil, 2010. Spatial analysis was performed and Moran´s Global and Local index were calculated. Results: We found 22,830 confirmed cases, 2,333 deaths and an apparent lethality of 12.7 (95%CI 11.6;13.9). We observed significant spatial autocorrelations for apparent CFR (I=0.35) and extreme poverty (I=0.51) that overlap in several neighborhoods in the city. Conclusion: Apparent CFR due to COVID-19 is associated with worse socioeconomic and sanitary conditions, demonstrating the relationship between social inequalities and health outcomes in times of pandemic.Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre as desigualdades sociais e sanitárias, condições socioeconômicas, segregação espacial e letalidade por COVID-19 em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de casos confirmados e óbitos por COVID-19, tendo como unidades de análise os 119 bairros de Fortaleza. Calculou-se os indicadores de incidência, mortalidade e letalidade aparente por COVID-19, entre 1o de janeiro e 8 de junho de 2020. Indicadores socioeconômicos foram extraídos do Censo Demográfico do Brasil de 2010. Foi realizada análise espacial e calculados índice global e local de Moran. Resultados: Encontrou-se 22.830 casos confirmados, 2.333 óbitos e uma letalidade aparente de 12,7 (IC95% 11,6;13,9). Observou-se autocorrelações espaciais significativas para letalidade aparente (I=0,35) e extrema pobreza (I=0,51), sobrepostas em diversos bairros da cidade. Conclusão: A letalidade aparente por COVID-19 está associada a piores condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, demonstrando a relação entre desigualdades sociais e desfechos de saúde em tempos de pandemia

Avaliação de perda hídrica corporal induzida pelo treinamento em praticantes de Jiu Jítsu Brasileiro

Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is a sport that associates intense physical activity with the use of heavy clothing, usually in places where there is a high temperature, leading its practitioners to the risk of dehydration. The present study aims to evaluate the body water loss in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu practitioners during training, as well as to measure their water consumption in this context. For that, an observational, transverse and exploratory study was performed, where body mass measurements were performed before and after training; applications of questionnaires; measurement of the ambient temperature and relative humidity and statistical tests for the measured water loss. Were measured indicators of sweat loss (PS), percentage weight loss (PPP) and sweat loss per hour of activity (PSH). The results pointed to a significant variation of pre and post workout weight (p = 0.001), with mean PS of 980.69 ± 440.18 ml, PPP of 0.84 ± 0.55% and PSH of 1618.67 ± 900.78 ml / h. It is concluded that, despite heterogeneous water losses in the sample, the mean value of the percentage weight loss found is adequate when compared to the positions of specialized entities and that the average water consumption during the practice is lower than that estimated by reference institutes.O Jiu Jítsu Brasileiro é um esporte que associa atividade física intensa ao uso de vestimentas pesadas, comumente em locais onde há uma temperatura ambiente levada, conduzindo seus praticantes ao risco de desidratação. O presente trabalho possui o objetivo de avaliar a perda hídrica corporal em praticantes de Jiu Jítsu Brasileiro durante o treinamento, bem como mensurar seu consumo hídrico nesse contexto. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal e exploratório, onde ocorreram aferições de massa corpórea antes e depois do treino; aplicações de questionários; medição da temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar e realização de testes estatísticos quanto à perda hídrica mensurada. Indicadores de perda de suor (PS), perda de peso percentual (PPP) e perda de suor por hora de atividade (PSH) foram aferidos. Os resultados apontaram para uma variação significante de peso pré e pós treino (p=0,001), com médias de PS de 980,69±440.18 ml, PPP de 0,84±0.55% e PSH de 1618.67±900.78 ml/h. Conclui-se que, apesar de perdas hídricas heterogêneas na amostra, o valor médio da perda de peso percentual encontrada está adequado quando comparado com posicionamentos de entidades especializadas e que o consumo hídrico médio durante a prática mostra-se inferior ao prezado por instituições de referênci

Evolução da Obesidade e sua Relação com Câncer de Mama em Mulheres Nordestinas

Objective: To investigate the association between the evolution of obesity rates and the incidence of breast cancer in women residing in the capitals of the Northeast region of Brazil between 2008 and 2018. Methods: An ecological observational study of the time series type, which used the prevalence data of obesity obtained from the Surveillance of Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL) and breast cancer estimation data obtained from the National Cancer Institute (INCA). The sample consisted of women over 18 years old residing in the capitals of the northeast region of Brazil. The Body Mass Index (BMI) data for obesity was used as an exposure variable; and as an outcome variable, annual estimates of breast cancer in a decade. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test. Results: Obesity shows an increase in frequencies in all capitals of the Northeast Region in a decade, with greater prominence in the capital of Teresina (86.6%), in addition to an increase in gross breast cancer incidence rates. pointing to a greater increase in the capital of Fortaleza (102.18%). Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity increases concomitantly with the increase in crude breast cancer incidence rates.Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre la evolución de las tasas de obesidad y la incidencia de cáncer de mama en mujeres residentes en las capitales de la región Nordeste de Brasil entre 2008 y 2018. Métodos: Estudio observacional ecológico del tipo serie temporal, que utilizó los datos de prevalencia de obesidad obtenidos de la Vigilancia de Enfermedades Crónicas por Encuesta Telefónica (VIGITEL) y los datos de estimación de cáncer de mama obtenidos del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INCA). La muestra estuvo compuesta por mujeres mayores de 18 años residentes en las capitales de la región noreste de Brasil. La variable exposición fueron los datos del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) para la obesidad; y como variable de resultado las estimaciones anuales de cáncer de mama en una década. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la prueba de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: La obesidad muestra un aumento de frecuencias en todas las capitales de la Región Nordeste en una década, con mayor prominencia en la capital de Teresina (86,6%), además de un aumento en las tasas brutas de incidencia de cáncer de mama, indicando un mayor aumento en la capital de Fortaleza (102,18%). Conclusión: La prevalencia de obesidad aumenta concomitantemente con el aumento de las tasas brutas de incidencia de cáncer de mama.Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a evolução das taxas de obesidade e incidência de câncer de mama em mulheres residentes nas capitais da região Nordeste do Brasil entre 2008 e 2018. Métodos: Estudo observacional ecológico do tipo série temporal, que utilizou os dados de prevalência de obesidade obtidos do Vigilância de Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) e os dados de estimativa do câncer de mama obtido do Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA). A amostra foi composta de mulheres maiores de 18 anos residentes nas capitais da região nordeste do Brasil. Utilizou-se como variável exposição os dados de Indíce de Massa Corporal (IMC) por obesidade; e como variável desfecho as estimativas anuais de câncer de mama em uma década. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A obesidade evidencia um aumento das frequências em todas as capitais da Região Nordeste em uma década, com maior destaque na capital de Teresina (86,6%), além de que se percebe um crescimento das taxas brutas de incidência de câncer de mama apontando um maior incremento na capital de Fortaleza (102,18%). Conclusão: A prevalência de obesidade aumenta concomitante com o aumento das taxas brutas de incidência de câncer de mama.         

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia

Indigenous societies are known to have occupied the Amazon basin for more than 12,000 years, but the scale of their influence on Amazonian forests remains uncertain. We report the discovery, using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) information from across the basin, of 24 previously undetected pre-Columbian earthworks beneath the forest canopy. Modeled distribution and abundance of large-scale archaeological sites across Amazonia suggest that between 10,272 and 23,648 sites remain to be discovered and that most will be found in the southwest. We also identified 53 domesticated tree species significantly associated with earthwork occurrence probability, likely suggesting past management practices. Closed-canopy forests across Amazonia are likely to contain thousands of undiscovered archaeological sites around which pre-Columbian societies actively modified forests, a discovery that opens opportunities for better understanding the magnitude of ancient human influence on Amazonia and its current state