Relationships between Young Adults’ Housing Tenure, Elements of Perceived Job Security and Social Capital in Britain

Against the backdrop of the changing trends in tenure in the UK housing system, young adults are faced with different situations that continue to shape their housing consumption and decisions. This paper investigates the relationships between young adults’ housing tenure, social capital, and elements of perceived job security in Britain. Socio-psychological dimension of housing tenure decisions has been receiving attention by housing market analysts and practitioners seeking deeper understandings of UK housing market dynamics, particularly in the wake of changing tastes and preferences of young people concerning housing decisions across major cities of the world. More specifically, very little research has been done to investigate the contributions of social capital formation, for example, neighbourhood or social integration and social relations, and elements of perceived job security, on housing tenure transitions among British young adults. A quantitative approach has been applied to the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) from 2001-2015. We discover that British young adults’ homeownership decisions are increasingly influenced by social capital and elements of perceived job insecurity, depending on their tenure of origin. Although we find minimal evidence of a combination effect from our variables of interest. Nevertheless, it is our view that findings from this study will significantly enhance our understanding of tenure shifts amongst young adults in the UK and provide property developers, local authorities, and central governments the knowledge and information to guide economic policies, urban renewal towards achieving better social cohesion and sustainable communities

Scaling Up with Radically Embodied Cognition

Radically embodied cognitive science (REC) is typically concerned with basic cognition such as perception and action. However, complex cognition or higher-order cognition is difficult to explain for REC, as these theories eschew traditional representational explanations. This leaves REC with a scaling-up problem. In this dissertation I will explore options for REC to fix its scaling-up problem. I am specifically interested in autonoetic cognition, which is the ability to remember and imagine objects and events in the way they would be experienced if they were immediately present to be perceived. I contend that a simulationist account provides many of th necessary conceptual tools for understanding autonoetic cognition from a REC perspective. Furthermore, simulationist accounts are generally useful, as they are suggestive of a way to understand the observed neural activity and can be used to make empirical predictions. I will examine different simulationist theories in order to determine whether or not they can cohere with REC and help solve the scaling-up problem. Eventually I will argue that the REC commitment to reject representations makes the scaling-up problem insurmountable at this time

Three dimensional passive localization for single path arrival with unknown starting conditions

Introduced in this paper is the time difference of arrival (TDoA) conic approximation method (TCAM), a technique for passive localization in three dimensions with unknown starting conditions. The TDoA of a mutually detected signal across pairs of detectors is used to calculate the relative angle between the signal source and the center point of the separation between the detectors in the pair. The relative angle is calculated from the TDoA using a mathematical model called the TDoA approximation of the zenith angle (TAZA). The TAZA angle defines the opening angle of a conic region of probability that contains the signal source, produced by each detector pair. The intersecting region of probability is determined from the conic regions of probability and represents the volumetric region with the highest probability of containing the signal source. TCAM was developed and tested using synthetic data in a simulated environment

Three dimensional passive localization for single path arrival with unknown starting conditions

Introduced in this paper is the time difference of arrival (TDoA) conic approximation method (TCAM), a technique for passive localization in three dimensions with unknown starting conditions. The TDoA of a mutually detected signal across pairs of detectors is used to calculate the relative angle between the signal source and the center point of the separation between the detectors in the pair. The relative angle is calculated from the TDoA using a mathematical model called the TDoA approximation of the zenith angle (TAZA). The TAZA angle defines the opening angle of a conic region of probability that contains the signal source, produced by each detector pair. The intersecting region of probability is determined from the conic regions of probability and represents the volumetric region with the highest probability of containing the signal source. TCAM was developed and tested using synthetic data in a simulated environment

Two conceptions of the mind

Since the cognitive revolution during the last century the mind has been conceived of as being computer-like. Like a computer, the brain was assumed to be a physical structure (hardware) upon which a computational mind (software) was built. The mind was seen as a collection of independent programs which each have their own specific tasks, or modules. These modules took sensory input data and transduced it into language-like representations which were used in mental computations. Recently, a new conception of the mind has developed, grounded cognition. According to this model, sensory stimulus is saved in the original format in which it was received and recalled using association mechanisms. Rather than representations being language-like they are instead multimodal. The manipulation of these multimodal representations requires processing distributed throughout the brain. A new holistic model for mental architecture has developed in which the concerted activity of the brain\u27s modal systems produces functional systems which are intimately codependent with one another. The purpose of this thesis is to explore both the modular and multimodal theories of mental architecture. Each will be described in detail along with their supporting paradigms, cognitivism and grounded cognition. After my expositions I will offer support for my own position regarding these two theories before suggesting avenues for future research

Maritime labour convention 2006: implications for seafarers after a decade

The protection of seafarers and the enforcement of their rights under national and international law has been an issue of great concern in recent years. This paper examined whether the current legal framework provides sufficient support for seafarers and to assess potential options for reform. In carrying out this study, the primary international legislation which is the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006 was considered and focus was on two jurisdictions, Panama and Philippine, which are of significant importance to the maritime world. The use of relevant journals and texts contributed to the discourse and opinions of key researchers in maritime law and practice was helpful in the analysis. This study found out that there are in existence some elements of protection available for the seafarers in the Maritime Labour Convention 2006. However, these provisions have suffered from poor implementation and inadequacy. It is acknowledged that steps have been taken to amend some of these provisions; however it is important that regular and consistent amendments should be effected as concerns are being raised by the seafarers as regards improvements in their rights and obligations.Keywords: Seafarers, Maritime Labour Convention, Ships, Abandonmen

Nigerian Capital Market: A Catalyst for Sustainable Economic Development

The capital market is the segment of the financial market which facilitates the mobilization and allocation of medium and long-term funds through the issuance and trading of financial instruments. Such instruments, otherwise known as securities, include stocks and company shares; commercial and industrial loan stocks and debentures; state government bonds and stocks; Federal government Development stock bonds,(Oloyede,2001). While equities represent ownership stake in a company which issued them, bonds are debt instruments with the principal and interest usually payable to the bondholder at specific periods. The main participants of the Nigerian capital market are the Securities and Exchange Commission (regulatory), Nigerian Stock Exchange, stock brokers, trustees, issuing houses, registrars. The investments are done by the insurance companies, pension funds, institutional investors and the individual investors. Ekezie (1997) also included the CBN for its promotional and participatory roles in the market. The Capital market is made up of two inter-related segments. The primary market is the mechanism for raising funds through the issuance of new securities. The secondary market essentially provides facilities for trading in (transferring) already issued securities, thereby creating liquidity in the market. As the major source of appropriate long-term funds, the capital market is obviously crucial to any nation’s economic development. Specifically, the capital market facilitates economic growth by, among other things, mobilizing savings from numerous economic units such as governments, individuals and institutional investors for users such as governments and the private sector. It also improves the efficiency of capital allocation through a competitive pricing mechanism. Samuel, et al(2007) note that the capital market through its operations will continue to provide avenues for government and large enterprises to obtain financing and capital base broadening. In pursuance of making funds available for economic development and growth the Securities and Exchange Commission was established in 1979 by the Securities and Exchange Commission Decree (this decree was re-enacted in 1988 as Securities and Exchange Commission Decree no. 29 of 1988, for the purpose of protecting the investors as well developing the capital market. A detailed review of the Nigerian Capital Market was carried out in 1996. This led to the enactment of the "Investment Securities Act (ISA) No.45 of 1999 (and the regulations made thereunder). This Act replaced the Securities and Exchange Commission Decree No.29 of 1988. It aimed at providing a more efficient and viable capital market positioned tomeet the country's economic and Developmental needs. Obademi O.E and Adeyanju O.D (2010) observe that a changing and growing economy like Nigeria needs enormous amount of funds to fully explore the opportunities opened up by the reforms which was anchored on the National Economic Empowerment And Development Strategy blueprint and now the Vision 20-2020. This is where the capital market’s role comes in as it is expected to play the traditional role of financial intermediation by pulling financial resources from surplus units to deficit units and end-users for productive economic purposes even at this time of unpredictable revenue from crude oil being a fall-out the global financial crisis

Development Inequalities in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria

This paper examined the spatial inequality of development among thirty Local Government Areas of Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Based on the results of Principal Component Analysis and Logistic Regression applied to 45 indices of development in all the LGAs for year 2001, the paper identified four major components and six predictor variables as determinants of development inequalities among the LGAs in the State. It revealed regional inequalities of development in the state. Many development indicators are concentrated in a few Local Government Areas that are urban based. Majority of the LGAs are lagging behind on the components of development. This portends serious implications for development planning in the state. It can be concluded that the economy of the entire state is largely underdeveloped. African Research Review Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 25-4

The influence of socio-psychological factors on housing tenure decisions among British young adults

Housing is one of the most debated topics in any economy and particularly in the advanced economies. It is seen to be an influential factor in people’s social and family life. The housing market in the UK has had different price cycles in the past four decades and this had led to problems of tenure choice, wealth and housing imbalance among generations. More specifically, recent changes in tenure trends indicate that young adults are most likely to be caught in the middle between the decision of owning or renting (privately or socially). As the private rented sector continues to grow, young adults are mostly now found in the sector while home ownership has been shifting to older age groups. In the past, the literature had largely focused on the econometrics context on one end and the critical context on the other. This thesis, therefore, introduces a socio-psychological dimension to the econometric context; by investigating additional drivers applicable from individual social capital and neighbourhood contexts. Major empirical analyses involved the use of the quantitative approach to explore secondary data sources, such as the British Household Panel Survey and the British census and deprivation data to ascertain these factors as they associate with tenure shifts. These entailed (multi-level) logistic regressions of time to housing tenure decisions among British young adults, with the inclusion of interactions between their individual social capital and neighbourhood-level features in the models. Findings indicate that the interactions between economic and socio-psychological factors are important in helping to explain tenure shifts. It is also suggested that the private rented sector growth is likely to continue, at least to the medium-term amidst slow economic recovery, young adults’ cautiousness and strong support for home ownership. Consequently, home grown and adulthood socio-psychology are likely to continue as additional contributions to housing tenure decisions in British housing