MorbiNet study. Hypothyroidism comorbidity networks in the adult general population

Purpose: Multimorbidity impacts quality of life. We constructed hypothyroidism comorbidity networks to identify positive and negative associations with other prevalent diseases. Methods: We analyzed data of 285,342 patients with hypothyroidism from 3,135,948 adults with multimorbidity in a population-based study in Catalonia, Spain, (period: 2006-2017). We constructed hypothyroidism comorbidity networks using logistic regression models, adjusted by age and sex, and for men and women separately. We considered relevant associations those with odds ratios (OR) >1.2 or <0.8 and p-value <1e-5 to identify coexistence greater (or smaller) than the expected by the prevalence of diseases. Multivariate models considering comorbidities were used to further adjust OR values. Results: The conditions associated included larynx cancer (adjusted OR: 2.48); congenital anomalies (2.26); thyroid cancer (2.13); hyperthyroidism (1.66), vitamin B12/folate deficiency anemia (1.57), and goiter (1.56). The network restricted to men had more connections (mental, cardiovascular, and neurological) and stronger associations with thyroid cancer (7.26 vs 2.55), congenital anomalies (5.11 vs 2.13), hyperthyroidism (4.46 vs 1.69), larynx cancer (3.55 vs 1.67), and goiter (3.94 vs 1.64). After adjustment for comorbidities, OR values were more similar in men and women. The strongest negative associations after adjusting for comorbidities were with HIV/AIDS (OR:0.71), and tobacco abuse (0.77). Conclusions: Networks show direct and indirect hypothyroidism multimorbidity associations. The strongest connections were thyroid and larynx cancer, congenital anomalies, hyperthyroidism, anemia, and goiter. Negative associations included HIV infection-AIDS and tobacco abuse. The network restricted to men had more and stronger associations, but not after adjusting for comorbidities suggesting important indirect interactions

Proyecto de Programa de Educación para la Salud dirigido al profesorado en relación con la Diabetes Infantil

Hoy en día, la figura de la enfermera escolar aún no está muy desarrollada ni implantada en la mayoría de los colegios, ante este vacío, la función que ésta desarrollaría, sobre todo de Educación para la Salud orientada a inculcar hábitos de vida saludables para evitar complicaciones en el futuro, la están desarrollando los profesionales de Atención Primaria dentro del Centro de Salud aprovechando las revisiones del niño sano, en cambio, lo ideal sería realizarlo de manera directa en los Centros Escolares, donde los profesores van a jugar un papel muy importante, bien como agentes de salud, inculcadores de hábitos de vida saludables y/o para detectar complicaciones agudas de enfermedades crónicas que se puedan presentar durante el horario lectivo. Una de las patologías que puede presentar complicaciones agudas graves y prevenibles es la diabetes infantil, por lo que sería necesario llevar a cabo un Programa de Educación para la Salud para dar una base teórica y práctica acerca de la diabetes mellitus en edad escolar.Grado en Enfermerí

Creación de un evento creativo enfocado al ámbito educativo infantil

El trabajo de fin de grado se presentará divido en dos partes, empírica y práctica, basándome en diferentes conceptos desde diferentes aspectos los cuales pondré en práctica, llevando a cabo un evento creativo enfocado al ámbito educativo infantil. En este proyecto hablaré sobre la evolución de eventos tanto como su terminología y la de protocolo. Lo llevaré a la práctica siguiendo las pautas adecuadas para la creación de un evento, llevando a cabo el acto, pre-acto y post-acto. Dentro de cada etapa se verá desarrollado los objetivos, la comunicación del evento, patrocinadores, entre otro, Finalmente el proyecto se cerrará con una conclusión general de este.Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Prevalencia y duración de la lactancia materna tras intervenciones educativas por parte de los profesionales sanitarios

Introducción: La lactancia materna es la forma ideal de aportar a los niños pequeños los nutrientes que necesitan para un crecimiento y desarrollo saludables. Este tipo de alimentación tiene múltiples beneficios no solo para el recién nacido sino también para la madre. La prevalencia de lactancia materna tanto a nivel mundial como nacional no supera los niveles recomendados por la OMS y la educación por parte de los profesionales sanitarios influye en la toma de esta decisión. Objetivos: Determinar cómo influye la educación sobre lactancia materna realizada por parte de los profesionales sanitarios a los padres en la decisión de optar por este tipo de lactancia y la duración de la misma. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica durante los meses de enero a mayo de 2017, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cuiden, Scielo y Cochrane, utilizando los términos MeSH “breastfeeding”, “nursing” y “education” y los DeCS “lactancia materna”, “enfermería” y “educación”. Tras adecuarse a los criterios de selección, se utilizaron 9 artículos para la revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: Las intervenciones educativas en lactancia materna por parte de los profesionales, realizadas tanto antes como después del parto, aumentan la prevalencia y duración de la lactancia materna. Discusión: la decisión de la madre por la lactancia materna está influida por múltiples factores. Destaca la influencia de los profesionales sanitarios en la toma de esta decisión y la forma en la que estos deben ayudar a la madre. También cabe destacar que varios elementos impiden que la madre continúe con la lactancia materna a lo largo de los meses. Conclusiones: Es indispensable la formación de los profesionales de salud, en especial la enfermería, para la promoción de la lactancia materna. Debemos analizar cuáles son las dificultades o los errores en esta promoción y conseguir llegar a los porcentajes de LM recomendados por la OMS.Grado en Enfermerí

Raising awareness about the diversity of anglophone territories and cultures in the efl classroom

ABSTRACT: This dissertation is an innovative educational proposal designed to solve a specific weakness detected during my experience in the Practicum period of the Master’s course in the charter school Escuelas Pías Pompiliano, located in Zaragoza. After examining the coursebook used in the classroom, I could observe that there was a dominant presence of the United Kingdom and the United States of America in the activities it proposed, which concluded in the lack of representation of other English-speaking communities. Thus, territories belonging to the “Inner Circle” of English like Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the Republic of Ireland were given a limited or inexistent representation in the EFL classroom, which didn’t provide a complete consciousness and understanding of the wide diversity of English-speaking communities. The Unit Plan will therefore propose a solution to this detected gap, incorporating cultural, historical and geographical aspects from those countries throughout the activities of the lessons in order to normalise their presence in the EFL classroom. This dissertation will consider academic works and studies regarding the importance of providing cultural diversity in the EFL classroom, as well as the legal provisions specified in the LOMCE and the Aragonese Curriculum, following their indications regarding the importance for students to value their own and others’ culture and history, as well as the necessity to educate them in terms of diversity and respect to other languages and cultures

EL USO DE INTERNET Y NUEVAS METODOLOGÍAS EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA HISTORIA DEL SIGLO XIX MEXICANO A ESTUDIANTES EXTRANJEROS

El trabajo es una reflexión sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la historia decimonónica mexicana a estudiantes del Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Se analiza el papel del docente y el uso de internet y se hace una propuesta metodológica dirigida a alumnos extranjeros que están aprendiendo español como segunda lengua en un contexto de inmersión, es decir, en un ámbito cultural e intercultural específico

Identifying Post-Fire Recovery Trajectories and Driving Factors Using Landsat Time Series in Fire-Prone Mediterranean Pine Forests

Wildfires constitute the most important natural disturbance of Mediterranean forests, driving vegetation dynamics. Although Mediterranean species have developed ecological post-fire recovery strategies, the impacts of climate change and changes in fire regimes may endanger their resilience capacity. This study aims at assessing post-fire recovery dynamics at different stages in two large fires that occurred in Mediterranean pine forests (Spain) using temporal segmentation of the Landsat time series (1994?2018). Landsat-based detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery (LandTrendr) was used to derive trajectory metrics from Tasseled Cap Wetness (TCW), sensitive to canopy moisture and structure, and Tasseled Cap Angle (TCA), related to vegetation cover gradients. Different groups of post-fire trajectories were identified through K-means clustering of the Recovery Ratios (RR) from fitted trajectories: continuous recovery, continuous recovery with slope changes, continuous recovery stabilized and non-continuous recovery. The influence of pre-fire conditions, fire severity, topographic variables and post-fire climate on recovery rates for each recovery category at successional stages was analyzed through Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The modeling results indicated that pine forest recovery rates were highly sensitive to post-fire climate in the mid and long-term and to fire severity in the short-term, but less influenced by topographic conditions (adjusted R-squared ranged from 0.58 to 0.88 and from 0.54 to 0.93 for TCA and TCW, respectively). Recovery estimation was assessed through orthophotos, showing a high accuracy (Dice Coefficient ranged from 0.81 to 0.97 and from 0.74 to 0.96 for TCA and TCW, respectively). This study provides new insights into the post-fire recovery dynamics at successional stages and driving factors. The proposed method could be an approach to model the recovery for the Mediterranean areas and help managers in determining which areas may not be able to recover naturally.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesMinisterio de Economía y Competitivida

Assessing post-fire forest structure recovery by combining LiDAR data and Landsat time series in Mediterranean pine forests

Understanding post-fire recovery dynamics is critical for effective management that enhance forest resilience to fire. Mediterranean pine forests have been largely affected by wildfires, but the impacts of both changes in land use and climate endanger their capacity to naturally recover. Multispectral imagery is commonly used to estimate post-fire recovery, yet changes in forest structure must be considered for a comprehensive evaluation of forest recovery. In this research, we combine Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) with Landsat imagery to extrapolate forest structure variables over a 30-year period (1990?2020) to provide insights on how forest structure has recovered after fire in Mediterranean pine forests. Forest recovery was evaluated attending to vegetation cover (VC), tree cover (TC), mean height (MH) and heterogeneity (CVH). Structure variables were derived from two LiDAR acquisitions from 2016 and 2009, for calibration and independent spatial and temporal validation. A Support Vector Regression model (SVR) was calibrated to extrapolate LiDAR-derived variables using a series of Landsat imagery, achieving an R2 of 0.78, 0.64, 0.70 and 0.63, and a relative RMSE of 24.4%, 30.2%, 36.5% and 27.4% for VC, TC, MH and CVH, respectively. Models showed to be consistent in the temporal validation, although a wider variability was observed, with R2 ranging from 0.51 to 0.74. A different response to fire was revealed attending to forest cover and height since vegetation cover recovered to a pre-fire state but mean height did not 26-years after fire. Less than 50% of the area completely recovered to the pre-fire structure within 26 years, and the area subjected to fire recurrence showed signs of greater difficulty in initiating the recovery. Our results provide valuable information on forest structure recovery, which can support the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies that enhance fire resilience.Comunidad de Madri

Eu3+ luminescence in high charge mica: an in situ probe for the encapsulation of radioactive waste in geological repositories

Isolation of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in deep geological repositories (DGR) through a multibarrier concept is the most accepted approach to ensure long-term safety. Clay minerals are one of the most promising materials to be used as engineered barriers. In particular, high charge micas, as components of the engineered barrier, show superselectivity for some radioactive isotopes and a large adsorption capacity, which is almost twice that of the other low charge aluminosilicates. In addition, high charge micas are optimum candidates for decontamination of nuclear waste through two different mechanisms; namely an ion exchange reaction and a nonreversible mechanism involving the formation of new stable crystalline phases under hydrothermal conditions. In this work, we report a new in situ optical sensor based on the incorporation of Eu3+ in these high charge micas for tracking the long-term physical-chemical behavior of HLW contaminants in DRG under mild hydrothermal conditions. The incorporation of Eu3+ into the interlayer space of the mica originates a well resolved green and red luminescence, from both the 5D1 and 5D0 excited states, respectively. The formation of new crystalline phases under hydrothermal conditions involves important changes in the Eu3+ emission spectra and lifetime. The most interesting features of Eu3+ luminescence to be used as an optical sensor are (1) the presence or absence of the Eu3+ green emission from the 5D1 excited state, (2) the energy shift of the 5D0 → 7F0 transition, (3) the crystal-field splitting of the 7F1 Eu3+ level, and (4) the observed luminescence lifetimes, which are directly related to the interaction mechanisms between the lanthanide ions and the silicate network.Funding from projects MAT2015-63929-R, MAT2015-69508-P, PI16/00496, and NVAL16/17-IDIVAL is gratefully acknowledged