Macierzyństwo po żydowsku w narracjach matek żyjących w Polsce

This article discusses the maternal experiences of three women of Jewish origin. The data was collected by means of a free-text interview with narrative elements, and analyzed by means of the linguistic-narrative method of text analysis. The main question we seek to answer is: What types of motherhood do Jewish mothers represent? and What are the characteristics of each of them? The aims of the article are (1) to juxtapose the three styles of motherhood and describe each of them, and (2) to show the importance of the transfer of the culture of origin and upbringing for the performance of the parental role by Jewish women. In this paper, we discuss the cultural pattern of motherhood, by juxtaposing the figure of the Polish Mother with the Yiddish Mame. We then outline the detailed methodological design of the article. In the next section, we characterize three types of motherhood: mono-cultural, bicultural and multicultural. Our analysis leads to a conclusion indicating that despite contemporary social changes, mothers are still responsible for the religious upbringing of their children. At the same time, we point out the similarities between the Polish Mother and the Yiddish Mame.W niniejszym artykule prezentujemy macierzyńskie doświadczenia trzech kobiet żydowskiego pochodzenia. Dane zebrane zostały za pomocą wywiadu swobodnego z elementami narracji, a analizowane za pomocą językowo-narracyjnej metody analizy tekstu. Głównym pytaniem, na które staramy się znaleźć odpowiedź, jest: Jakie typy macierzyństwa prezentują matki Żydówki? I czym charakteryzuje się każdy z nich? Cele artykułu to: (1) Zestawienie trzech stylów macierzyństwa i charakterystyka każdego z nich, (2) Ukazanie znaczenia transferu kultury pochodzenia i wychowania dla pełnienia roli rodzicielskiej przez kobiety pochodzenia żydowskiego. W artykule przedstawiamy kulturowy wzór macierzyństwa, zestawiamy figurę Matki Polki z Jidysze Mame. Następnie prezentujemy szczegółowe założenia metodologiczne. W kolejnej części charakteryzujemy trzy typy macierzyństwa: jednokulturowe, dwukulturowe i wielokulturowe. Nasze analizy prowadzą do wniosków końcowych, wskazujących na to, że pomimo współczesnych przemian społecznych nadal za religijne wychowanie dzieci odpowiadają matki. Jednocześnie wskazujemy na podobieństwa pomiędzy matką-Polką a Jidysze Mame

Turystyka w Iranie : analiza potencjału i ocena perspektyw rozwoju

The article analyzes Iran’s tourist potential with a view to development of various kinds of tourism, especially cultural tourism. Through the analysis of the country’s politics and of the tourism development program, the author indicates the possibilities and perspectives as well as ways of tourism development in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The text also aims at bringing closer the little-known, yet culturally and historically valuable, tourist attractions of Iran as oppose to the best known sights of Persia

Społeczno-kulturowe dysfunkcje turystyczne w krajach islamu - recenzja

Recenzja książki Anny Dłużewskiej Społeczno-kulturowe dysfunkcje turystyczne w krajach islamu

Kulinarne wojaże jako element turystyki kulturowej : dziedzictwo kulinarne Górnego Śląska

Having analyzed the meaning of culinary aspect in modern tourist offers, the author presents the main traditional dishes of Upper Silesia and Cieszyn Silesia in the context of the regional culinary route project

Erytrea - inne oblicze Afryki

Eritrea is a country that gained its independence as a result of the Thirty Years' war of national liberation. The State of Eritrea had been preceded by the creation of a new national identity and its own unique culture. It was a kind of a by-product of Italian colonialism. Italians created the industry which employed the people of Eritrea, they introduced education and health care, and enabled the social advancement of its people. Owing to the changes during the Second World War, the British government, which took the territory of Eritrea, has introduced a democratic system which enabled the creation of political parties and the rise of the independence movement. The international situation during the Cold War led to not taking into account independence expectations of the former colonies citizens. As a result of creating a fictional federation, Eritrea became subordinate to the Empire of Ethiopia, and then absorbed as its province. This led to the formation of guerrilla movements that liberated the country militarily defeating the powerful forces of Ethiopia. During one generation, Eritreans were able to create a new national identity and to win their independence, which is a unique phenomenon in the world. The knowledge of historical and social conditionings is an important part of perception of modern Eritrea. It has an impact on the reception and understanding of its current situation, including in the context of tourist visits. In the last part of the article the authors analyze the tourist potential of Eritrea and try to pinpoint opportunities for tourism development in the area of one of the youngest countries in the world

Monocyte response receptors in BCG driven delayed type hypersensitivity to tuberculin.

Tuberculosis (TB) still remains the leading cause of mortality due to bacterial pathogen. The only currently available vaccine against TB, Bacille Calmette-GuĂŠrin (BCG) is at best credited with a 50% overall protective efficacy. Skin testing with purified protein derivative (PPD) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the method of detecting BCG-induced cell mediated immunity, in vivo. In the previous study we found that approximately 60% young volunteers with no history of TB, who had been subjected to neonatal BCG vaccination and revaccination(s) at school age, developed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to tuberculin. The remaining volunteers were persistently tuberculin negative. Moreover, we found a significant association between BCG driven development of DTH to PPD and the polymorphism within the CD14 C/T(-159) gene for macrophage receptor recognising mycobacterial compounds. It has suggested that the CD14 gene variants may play a role in the appearance and persistence of DTH to PPD in BCG vaccinated subjects. In order to extend our study on a possible role of CD14 in BCG driven DTH response to PPD, we measured the expression of mCD14 on macrophages, stimulated or not stimulated with mycobacterial antigens, and the serum levels of sCD14. Considering the importance of CD14 - TLR2/TLR4 interactions in macrophage signalling, we determined the polymorphism of TLR2 and TLR4 genes as well as macrophage expression of TLR2 for the volunteers with and without skin reactivity to PPD. We observed a subtle but significant decrease in CD14 density on adherent monocytes from tuberculin positive versus tuberculin negative volunteers. However, we found no difference in CD14 density on monocytes enriched in CD14+ cells using anti-CD14 mAb coupled to magnetic beads. A significant increase in CD14 density was observed on macrophages stimulated with PPD and LPS but not with live BCG bacilli. However, this increase as well as serum levels of soluble sCD14 were similar in the volunteers with and without skin reactions to PPD. Thus, our suggestion on the role of CD14 in the generation of DTH to tuberculin in BCG vaccinated subjects should be further explored. The most important CD14 co-receptors are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which activate nuclear factors for the production of inflammatory cytokines. However, we could see no association between the polymorphisms of TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) and TLR2 genes (Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp) and skin responses to PPD. Also, the TLR2 density was similar on monocytes from tuberculin negative and tuberculin positive volunteers

Interaction of Helicobacter pylori with C-Type Lectin Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM Grabbing Nonintegrin

In this study we asked whether Helicobacter pylori whole cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) utilize sugar moieties of Lewis (Le) antigenic determinants to interact with DC-SIGN (dendritic cell specific ICAM grabbing nonintegrin) receptor on dendritic cells (DCs). For this purpose the soluble DC-SIGN/Fc adhesion assay and the THP-1 leukemia cells with induced expression of DC-SIGN were used. We showed that the binding specificity of DC-SIGN with H. pylori LeX/Y positive whole cells and H. pylori LPS of LeX/Y type was fucose dependent, whereas in LeXY negative H. pylori strains and LPS preparations without Lewis determinants, this binding was galactose dependent. The binding of soluble synthetic LeX and LeY to the DC-SIGN-like receptor on THP-1 cells was also observed. In conclusion, the LeXY dependent as well as independent binding of H. pylori whole cells and H. pylori LPS to DC-SIGN was described. Moreover, we demonstrated that THP-1 cells may serve as an in vitro model for the assessment of H. pylori-DC-SIGN interactions mediated by LeX and LeY determinants

Ukraińskie kino lat 90. XX wieku w poszukiwaniu tożsamości narodowej

The Ukrainian cinema, starting from the 1930s and with a short Chrustchev glasnost’, was subject to strong russification aimed at a consistent eradication and destruction of the Ukrainian national identity. It is only towards the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s – along with the fall of the Soviet empire and the Ukrainian political, national and cultural rebirth and on the wave of widespread discussion about the state and role of the Ukrainian national identity – that the Ukrainian cinema brought a series of promising domestic cinema debuts. Unfortunately, the artists having their debut in the days of transformation of the 1930s did not manage to formulate their own distinct artistic platform. In addition, scant state support offered declarations rather than real and effective [aid both in the legal and the financial areas], which did not contribute to the active development of domestic cinematography. A complex linguistic situation that devalued the Ukrainian language to the advantage of the Russian language, had an adverse effect on the Ukrainian cinema of those days [including the Ukrainian TV, radio or the press]. Both these and a number of other factors led to the close death of the national cinematography in Ukraine towards the end of the 1990s. The situation changed only with the change of power in 2000 when V. Yushchenko’s government financed all the films planned for 2000. At the time the public was able to see films such as Molytva za het'mana Mazepu directed by Yurij Illienko, Mamaj directed by Ołes’ Sanin, Druhoriadni liudy directed by Kira Muratova, or Chorna rada directed by Mykola Zasieiev -Rudenko