Airport redesign for safety and security: Case studies of three Scottish airports

This research study set to develop KPIs for airport safety and security using a case study and ethnographic approach to research, the focus was on the role of Facilities Management (FM) in improving safety and security at the airport. The study centred on the management and staff of the case study airport and experts in the field of facilities management and aviation. The methodology for this study is a case study of three Scottish airports, owned and operated by the BAA Scotland (Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen international airports). Data was collected from Civil Aviation Agency, analysed and presented in the study. The study developed a three ‘AAA’ model (Airport – Aircraft – Airport) and a 3 stage approach to the research process. Evidence in this paper supports the conclusion that planning for airport safety and security are airport specific because no two airports are exactly the same, they differ in their; sizes, mode of operations, passenger type and flight destinations. Santruka Šiuo tyrimu siekta sukurti oro uosto sauguma ir apsauga užtikrinančius pagrindinius veiklos rodiklius (KPI), pasitelkus atvejo tyrima ir etnografini požiūri i tyrima. Daugiausia demesio skirta pastatu ūkio valdymo reikšmei, didinant oro uosto sauguma ir apsauga. Tyrimo centre ‐ atvejui tirti pasirinktu oro uostu vadovai ir darbuotojai bei pastatu ūkio valdymo ir aviacijos sričiu ekspertai. Šiam tyrimui pasirinkta metodika ‐ tai triju Škotijos oro uostu, priklausančiu ir valdomu BAA Scotland (Glazgo, Edinburgo ir Aberdyno tarptautiniai oro uostai), atvejo tyrimas. Iš Civilines aviacijos agentūros surinkti duomenys buvo išanalizuoti ir yra pateikiami tyrime. Tyrimo metu sukurtas triju O modelis (oro uostas – orlaivis – oro uostas; angl. Airport‐Aircraft‐Airport, t. y. triju A modelis) ir trižingsnis požiūris i tyrimo procesa. Iš šiame darbe pateiktu irodymu kyla išvada, kad kiekvienas oro uostas sauguma ir apsauga planuos kitaip, nes nera dvieju visiškai vienodu oro uostu: skiriasi ju dydis, valdymo būdas, keleiviai ir skrydžiu paskirties punktai. First Publish Online: 18 Oct 201

Prevalence and factors associated with erectile dysfunction in male patients with human immunodeficiency virus in a teaching hospital in west Malaysia

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been associated with the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chronic diseases. Sexual dysfunction data of male patients infected with HIV are still scarce in Malaysia, and ED appears to be under-reported. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of ED among male HIV patients at the University Malaya Medical Centre. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among male HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) attending the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in Malaysia. A systematic random sampling method was employed in the selection of respondents. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a 15-item international index of erectile function (IIEF-15). An appropriate statistical analysis was used to determine the associate and potential risk factors. Results: A total of 220 males participated in this study with a mean age of 37.9±9.9; prevalence of ED among HIV patients was 82.3 % (n=180). The severity of ED was further categorized into: severe (24.1%), moderate (19.1%), mild to moderate (20.9%), and mild (18.3%). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients with a lower educational background were more likely to be associated with ED (odds ratio [OR] 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-6.72; p-value 0.046). Conclusion: This study reports that ED was prevalent among adult HIV males who are on an ART regimen. Those with a lower educational background are more likely to have ED. Hence, in managing patients with HIV, physicians should seek to identify those patients at risk of developing ED for further intervention

Vaccine Pharmacovigilance: Adverse Effects Reported and the Pattern of Vaccines Utilization in a Tertiary Institution, Nigeria.

Routine utilization of vaccines during immunization in children is a tool in the reduction of childhood morbidity and mortality of infectious disease globally. This requires pharmacovigilance to ensure safety among the category of patients. Due to the exposure of new born to vaccine at birth, it became necessary to assess the pattern of use and possible adverse reactions reported in a developing tertiary health institution, Nigeria. Archives of Children administered vaccines during routine immunization within a period of five years were assessed retrospectively by systematic random sampling. Three thousand five hundred and two cases were assessed by systematic randomization. Their ages were between one day and 9 months after delivery. Male/Female ratio 1:09. The pattern of complete immunization in children were Bacillus Calmette Guerin 3328(95.0%), Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus 2588(73.9%), Hepatitis-B Vaccine 2814(80.4%),Yellow Fever Vaccine 2374(67.8%), Oral Polio Vaccine 2250(64.3%),Measles Vaccine 1982(56.6%). All were administered through their conventional routes. Crying and other reflexes were observed in all at the time of administration. Adverse effects reported were significantly dependent on the type of vaccine utilized P<0.0001 (Chisquare) Spearman rho=0.8. Commonly reported adverse effects were Pyrexia 7492(24.6%), Swollen site 12063(39.6%) and Restlessness 10931(35.9%). Paracetamol was the most common antipyretic utilized. Breast feeding was used in ameliorating crying and other reflexes. No death and anaphylactic reactions recorded during routine use. Routine pharmacovigilance is strongly recommended due to the commonly reported adverse effects in children at the centre. Adopting this principle will enhance reduction of childhood infection among children.Key words: Pharmacovigilance, Vaccine, Children, Immunization

Prevalence and factors associated with erectile dysfunction among males with human immunodeficiency virus in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been associated with the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and some other chronic diseases. Study on ED is still scanty in Malaysia, particularly among male HIV patients and, ED appears to be under-reported. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with ED among male HIV patients in University Malaya Medical Centre. A cross sectional study was conducted among male HIV patient on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) attending the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in West Malaysia. A systematic random sampling method was employed for the selection of respondents, participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic data, medical history and sexual functioning. Sexual function was measure and determine using Malay version of international index of erectile function (MVIIEF) while the ED domain of questionnaire was used to determine the presence and severity of ED. ED was defined based on validated MVIIEF, which states that participant is considered to have ED if ED domain of the MVIIEF score is <25. A total of 220 male participated in the study with a mean age of 37.87±9.85 years. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction among HIV patients was 82.3%. The severity of erectile dysfunction was further categorized into severe (24.1%), moderate (19.1%), mild to moderate (20.9%) and mild (18.3%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients with lower educational background were more likely to be associated with erectile dysfunction (adjusted odds ratio [OR] =2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-6.72). This study reports that erectile dysfunction was prevalent among men on highly HAART. Among adult male HIV patients on HAART regimen, those come from lower education background are associated with higher odds of developing erectile dysfunction. Hence, in managing patients with HIV, physicians should be more alert, and to identify patients with lower education background as such patients are more likely to develop erectile dysfunction

Leadership Style and its Impact on Organizational Performance : Guinness Nigeria Plc, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

This thesis centers on leadership style and its impact on organizational performance, with respect to Guinness Nigeria Plc, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. It explains why competent leadership style is needed in any organization. The broad objective of this thesis is to investigate the impact of each leadership style on organizational performance in Guinness Nigeria Plc, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The commissioner for this thesis is Guinness Nigeria Plc, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. This thesis reveals the types of leadership styles such as transformation, transactional, autocratic and democratic leadership style. It also discusses the external factors that affect leadership styles. This thesis focuses on organizational performance and the factors that affect employees’ performance. It enumerates the factors such as job stress, motivation and communication. It also ascertains the theories of leadership such as great man, trait and contingency theory. Furthermore, this thesis discusses the empirical research methodology, where the quantitative research design is adopted using a well-structured questionnaire. It also focuses on the presentation and analysis of results, where a total number of 17 questions are asked and answers from 35 respondents are presented in tables and figures. This thesis shows the discussion and recommendations given to the commissioner. It is however recommended that leaders should adopt a good management style that can accommodate all subordinates, irrespective of their personal and individual differences. It also reveals that its empirical research is in correlation with its theoretical framework

Developing key performance indicators for airport safety and security : a study of three Scottish airports

This study focused on the role of Facilities Management (FM) in improving safety and security at the airport and the link between FM and design, so the greatest attention was paid to the safe and secure management of the facilities rather than customers or passengers. Data collection centred on the management and staff of the case study airport and experts in the field of facilities management and aviation with a focus upon safety and security. The study initially concentrated on the role of Facilities Management (FM) at the design stage and the implications for the management at the operations stage but later the research focus shifted to the role of FM in the management of the airport, in particular airport safety and security. In studying airports, all areas of the aerodrome and the facilities used by the airport and aircraft formed the central focus of the study. Off airport installations such as fuel depot, power station, aircraft waste facility were referred to where necessary when they impaired upon safety procedures. The philosophy of performance measurement was also a key focus of the research study; this study differs from previous studies, as it concentrates on looking at how FM impacts upon airport performance in relation to safety and security. The rationale behind the focus on Scottish airports was the logistics to accessing key people at each airport and collecting relevant data in conjunction with the belief that to some extent operating procedures will be similar across the world in terms of the security and safety function. A more international perspective is perhaps an additional research activity for the future and was outside the scope of the current project. The methodology for this study is a case study of three Scottish airports, which are owned and operated by the BAA Scotland (Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen international airports). Data was also collected from Civil Aviation Agency, analysed and presented in this study. Evidence in this thesis supports the conclusion that planning for airport safety and security is airport specific because no two airports are exactly the same; they differ in sizes, mode of operations, passenger type and flight destinations. In addition this is the very first survey that developed and tested a list of potential KPIs for airport safety and security, which forms part of the researchers’ original contribution to knowledge

Grace under fire: The rhetoric of Watergate and patriotism, Barbara Jordan style.

Grace under fire: The rhetoric of Watergate and patriotism, Barbara Jordan style

Audit of antibiotic therapy in surgical neonates in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria

Objective: To report the outcome of commonly used antibiotic combinations in surgical neonates in sub- Saharan African settings. Methods: A retrospective analysis that determines the outcome of commonly combined antibiotics in surgical neonates betweenJanuary 2006 and December 2008 at two referral paediatric surgical centres in Benin city was carried out.Results: Ampicillin ampiclox, metronidazole, gentamicin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone were variously combined in the management of 161 neonates with a mean age at presentation of 9.2 ± 2.6 days, meanweight 3.1 ± 1.4 kg and a male:female ratio 1.6:1. Polymicrobial postoperative wound infections and sepsis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Neisseria meningitidis, Klebsiella pneumonia,Pseudomonas aeroginosa and anaerobes, were mainly encountered. The most common aerobes isolated from wound cultures were S. aureus and P.aeroginosa while the ones from that of blood cultures were E. coli and K. pneumonia. Overall postoperative infections recorded were: wound infection 19 (11.8%), sepsis 16 (9.9%) and sepsis-related deaths 6(3.7%). Conclusion: Combinations of gentamicin/metronidazole/cefuroxime and gentamicin/cefuroxime were adequate for gastrointestinal and  extragastrointestinal neonatal operations, respectively, in these sub-Saharan African settings, which may be useful in similar regions