Technologies de l'information et de la communication de la chaîne logistique en amont : pratiques d'entreprises

La recherche d'une compétitivité de plus en plus grande dans les années 80 et la mondialisation des années 90 ont amené les entreprises à externaliser nombre de leurs activités et à délocaliser leurs unités de production. Le phénomène d'externalisation a eu pour conséquence un déplacement des frontières des entreprises par la création de réseaux de partenaires dont l'articulation donne lieu à la formation d'une chaîne logistique ou supply chain composée d'un panel fournisseurs et sous-traitants. Les partenaires de cette chaîne sont à la fois de plus en plus sélectionnés, réduits en nombre et de plus en plus éloignés géographiquement de la firme « pivot » donneuse d'ordre (Goffin & al. 1997). Cet éloignement pose un problème de densité organisationnelle et fait émerger avec une plus grande intensité le problème de la coordination-coopération entre chacun des maillons de la chaîne logistique (Gupta, 1999). La question générale posée dans cet article est celle des critères qui fondent actuellement le choix des fournisseurs et donc la construction d'une chaîne logistique. Plus spécifiquement, dans un contexte d'éloignement des sources d'approvisionnement et de recherche de partenariat, cette étude cherche à évaluer l'importance des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) en tant que critère de choix d'un fournisseur. On cherchera à répondre à deux questions : quel est, en 2007, le poids relatif des TIC par rapport aux autres grands critères classiques ? Quels sont les outils TIC que les entreprises privilégient dans la sélection de leurs fournisseurs ?Chaîne logistique amont; Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC); Processus de sélection du fournisseur; Coopération; Collaboration

How to measure Innovative Supply Chain Strategies (ISCS) in the context of SCM? -Construct development and measurement validation

CAHIER DE RECHERCHE n°2014-01 E5Nowadays, organizations have to innovate either in product or in management (Damanpour and Aravind, 2012). Ifinnovations in product are largely studied (Garcia and Calantone, 2002), managerial innovations are seldom studied(Soosay et al., 2008; Arlbjørn et al., 2011). Simultaneously, organizations develop Supply Chain Management(SCM) to manage their inter-organizational relationships with their partners (Chen and Paulraj, 2004). SCM“constitutes an interesting potential area for creating competitive advantages through innovations” (Prahalad andKrishnan, 2008, p.14) e.g. VMI, CPFR and supply Kanban systems.Our interest is to underline and discuss the key dimensions explaining the performance of inter-organizationalmanagerial innovations in the context of SCM. From a large literature review, three dimensions emerge to measurethese innovations: (1) the conditions and context for their deployment, (2) the involved organization’s capacity for innovation and (3) the performance of these innovations. Nevertheless, no pertinent measurement scale exists to evaluate these three dimensions. In this perspective, the aim of this research is to develop and validate a scale measurement for each of them. The supporting methodology is quantitative. A structural equation modeling is applied to the data from a questionnaire to 170 inter-organizational anagerial innovations in the context of SCM in France. The three measurement scales resulting from this research represent major methodological and theoretical contributions to the field. Consequently, supply chain managers are able to identify the main issues and factors to perform interorganizational managerial innovations in the context of SCM

High Energy Neutrino Telescopes in the Northern Hemisphere

We review the status and results of the high energy neutrino telescopes in the Northern Hemisphere, namely ANTARES and Baikal (NT200+).Comment: Contribution to VLvNT 2011, to be published in NIM A, 6 pages, 8 figure

Effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in acute severe haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data from 40 138 bleeding patients.

BACKGROUND: Antifibrinolytics reduce death from bleeding in trauma and post-partum haemorrhage. We examined the effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness of antifibrinolytics. METHODS: We did an individual patient-level data meta-analysis of randomised trials done with more than 1000 patients that assessed antifibrinolytics in acute severe bleeding. We identified trials done between Jan 1, 1946, and April 7, 2017, from MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, PubMed, Popline, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The primary measure of treatment benefit was absence of death from bleeding. We examined the effect of treatment delay on treatment effectiveness using logistic regression models. We investigated the effect of measurement error (misclassification) in sensitivity analyses. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number 42016052155. FINDINGS: We obtained data for 40 138 patients from two randomised trials of tranexamic acid in acute severe bleeding (traumatic and post-partum haemorrhage). Overall, there were 3558 deaths, of which 1408 (40%) were from bleeding. Most (884 [63%] of 1408) bleeding deaths occurred within 12 h of onset. Deaths from post-partum haemorrhage peaked 2-3 h after childbirth. Tranexamic acid significantly increased overall survival from bleeding (odds ratio [OR] 1·20, 95% CI 1·08-1·33; p=0·001), with no heterogeneity by site of bleeding (interaction p=0·7243). Treatment delay reduced the treatment benefit (p<0·0001). Immediate treatment improved survival by more than 70% (OR 1·72, 95% CI 1·42-2·10; p<0·0001). Thereafter, the survival benefit decreased by 10% for every 15 min of treatment delay until 3 h, after which there was no benefit. There was no increase in vascular occlusive events with tranexamic acid, with no heterogeneity by site of bleeding (p=0·5956). Treatment delay did not modify the effect of tranexamic acid on vascular occlusive events. INTERPRETATION: Death from bleeding occurs soon after onset and even a short delay in treatment reduces the benefit of tranexamic acid administration. Patients must be treated immediately. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of the mechanism of action of tranexamic acid. FUNDING: UK NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme, Pfizer, BUPA Foundation, and J P Moulton Charitable Foundation (CRASH-2 trial). London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (WOMAN trial)

Le Knowledge Management appliqué aux problématiques de développement Durable dans la Supply Chain

Le concept de développement durable apparaît au début du XXe siècle dans des mouvements écologiques et de protection de la nature. L'expression de ce concept est citée pour la première fois en 1980 dans « La stratégie mondiale de la conservation » qui est l'un des très importants documents qui ont servi à redéfinir l'écologie après la Conférence de Stockholm, publié par l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN). Pour les entreprises, le développement durable est apparu plus tardivement. Des pratiques se sont mises en place depuis la fin des années 90 mais des difficultés majeures persistent. Pour comprendre d'où proviennent certains blocages organisationnels, nous proposons, dans cet article, l'illustrer le modèle de Nonaka (1995) dans un contexte de développement durable dans la supply chain. Après avoir présenté les concepts de gestion des connaissances et de développement durable, nous décrirons la méthodologie de notre étude exploratoire ainsi que les premiers résultatsDéveloppement durable ; Knowledge Management ; Supply Chain ; Nonaka ; Modèle SECI

Construction and Performance of a Micro-Pattern Stereo Detector with Two Gas Electron Multipliers

The construction of a micro-pattern gas detector of dimensions 40x10 cm**2 is described. Two gas electron multiplier foils (GEM) provide the internal amplification stages. A two-layer readout structure was used, manufactured in the same technology as the GEM foils. The strips of each layer cross at an effective crossing angle of 6.7 degrees and have a 406 um pitch. The performance of the detector has been evaluated in a muon beam at CERN using a silicon telescope as reference system. The position resolutions of two orthogonal coordinates are measured to be 50 um and 1 mm, respectively. The muon detection efficiency for two-dimensional space points reaches 96%.Comment: 21 pages, 17 figure

PIRATE project: point-of-care, informatics-based randomised controlled trial for decreasing overuse of antibiotic therapy in Gram-negative bacteraemia.

Antibiotic overuse drives antibiotic resistance. The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for Gram-negative bacteraemia (GNB), a common community and hospital-associated infection, remains unknown and unstudied via randomised controlled trials (RCTs). This investigator-initiated, multicentre, non-inferiority, informatics-based point-of-care RCT will randomly assign adult hospitalised patients receiving microbiologically efficacious antibiotic(s) for GNB to (1) 14 days of antibiotic therapy, (2) 7 days of therapy or (3) an individualised duration determined by clinical response and 75% reduction in peak C reactive protein (CRP) values. The randomisation will occur in equal proportions (1:1:1) on day 5 (±1) of efficacious antibiotic therapy as determined by antibiogram; patients, their physicians and study investigators will be blind to treatment duration allocation until the day of antibiotic discontinuation. Immunosuppressed patients and those with GNB due to complicated infections (endocarditis, osteomyelitis, etc) and/or non-fermenting bacilli ( &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter&lt;/i&gt; spp, &lt;i&gt;Burkholderia&lt;/i&gt; spp, &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt; spp) &lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt; spp, &lt;i&gt;Fusobacterium&lt;/i&gt; spp or polymicrobial growth with Gram-positive organisms will be ineligible. The primary outcome is incidence of clinical failure at day 30; secondary outcomes include clinical failure, all-cause mortality and incidence of &lt;i&gt;Clostridiumdifficile&lt;/i&gt; infection in the 90-day study period. An interim safety analysis will be performed after the first 150 patients have been followed for ≤30 days. Given a chosen margin of 10%, the required sample size to determine non-inferiority is roughly 500 patients. Analyses will be performed on both intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations. Ethics approval was obtained from the cantonal ethics committees of all three participating sites. Results of the main trial and each of the secondary endpoints will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03101072; pre-results)

Pantoea coffeiphila sp. nov., cause of the potato taste of Arabica coffee from the African Great Lakes region

Six isolates recovered from coffee seeds giving off a potato-like flavour were studied. Gene sequencing (rrs and rpoB) showed they belong to the genus Pantoea. By DNA-DNA hybridization, the isolates constituted a genomic species with less than 17% relatedness to 96 strains representing enterobacterial species. Multilocus sequence analysis (gyrB, rpoB, atpD and infB genes) showed the isolates to represent a discrete species of the genus Pantoea. Nutritional versatility of the novel species was poor. The novel species is proposed as Pantoea coffeiphila sp. nov. and its type strain is Ca04T (5CIP 110718T5DSM 28482T). (Résumé d'auteur

Search for dark matter in the Sun with the ANTARES neutrino telescope in the CMSSM and mUED frameworks

ANTARES is the first neutrino telescope in the sea. It consists of a three-dimensional array of 885 photomultipliers to collect the Cherenkov light induced by relativistic muons produced in CC interactions of high energy neutrinos. One of the main scientific goals of the experiment is the search for dark matter. We present here the analysis of data taken during 2007 and 2008 to look for a WIMP signal in the Sun. WIMPs are one of the most popular scenarios to explain the dark matter content of the Universe. They would accumulate in massive objects like the Sun or the Galactic Center and their self-annihilation would produce (directly or indirectly) high energy neutrinos detectable by neutrino telescopes. Contrary to other indirect searches (like with gamma rays or positrons), the search for neutrinos in the Sun is free from other astrophysical contributions, so the interpretation of a potential signal in terms of dark matter is much more robust