EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2013 . Scientific O pinion on Dietary Reference Values for molybdenum

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for molybdenum. Molybdenum is efficiently and rapidly absorbed at a wide range of intakes, and the body is able to maintain homeostasis through the regulation of excretion via the urine. Molybdenum deficiency in otherwise healthy humans has not been observed and there are no biomarkers of molybdenum status. Various metabolic balance studies have been performed to establish molybdenum requirements. However, only one balance study, which was performed with a constant diet and under controlled conditions in adult men, was considered to be of sufficient duration. In this small study, balance was reported to be near zero when molybdenum intakes were 22 µg/day. Biochemical changes or symptoms suggestive of molybdenum deficiency were not observed, and it is possible that humans may be able to achieve molybdenum balance at even lower intakes. Data on molybdenum intakes and health outcomes were unavailable for the setting of DRVs for molybdenum. As the evidence required to derive an Average Requirement and a Population Reference Intake was considered insufficient, an Adequate Intake (AI) is proposed. Observed molybdenum intakes from mixed diets in Europe were taken into consideration in setting this value. An AI of 65 µg/day is proposed for adults; a figure that is based on molybdenum intakes at the lower end of the wide range of observed intakes. It is suggested that the adult AI also applies to pregnant and lactating women. An AI is also proposed for infants from seven months and for children based on extrapolation from the adult AI using isometric scaling and the reference body weights of the respective age groups

Understanding the prescription of antidepressants: a Qualitative study among French GPs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>One-tenth of France's population is prescribed at least one antidepressant, primarily by General Practitioners. The reasons for this high prescription rate remain unclear. One-third of these prescriptions may not comply with clinical practice guidelines, and 20% are potentially unrelated to any psychiatric condition. Our aim was to explore how GPs declare they use antidepressants in daily practice and understand their reasons for prescribing them.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Six focus groups including a total of 56 rural and urban GPs, with four interviews were performed. The topic guide focused on reasons for prescribing antidepressants in various primary care situations. Phenomenological analysis was performed by four researchers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Antidepressants were seen as useful and not harmful. Personal assessment based on experience and feeling determined the GPs' decisions rather than the use of scales. Twenty-four "non-psychiatric" conditions possibly leading to prescription of antidepressants in primary care were found.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The GPs reported prescribing antidepressants for a wide range of conditions other than depression. The GPs' decision making process is difficult and complex. They seemed to prefer to focus on their difficulties in diagnosing depression rather than on useless overtreatment. Instead of using the guidelines criteria to detect potential cases of useful prescription, physicians tend to use their own tools based on gut feelings, knowledge of the patient and contextual issues.</p

Etude exploratoire du coût socio-économique des polluants de l'air intérieur. Rapport d'étude

Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette étude, menée par l'Anses, l'OQAI et Pierre Kopp, ont conduit au développement d'une méthode exploratoire visant à quantifier les conséquences économiques de l'impact de certains polluants de l'air intérieur (benzène, radon, trichloréthylène, monoxyde de carbone, particules et fumée de tabac environnementale) sur la santé de la population en France. Cette première étude, plus illustrative que quantitative compte tenu des hypothèses retenues et des limites identifiées, démontre la faisabilité d'une telle approche même si une des limites majeures de ce travail réside dans le manque de données qui seraient nécessaires pour obtenir une quantification plus fine et plus complète des coûts. A ce stade et compte tenu des hypothèses retenues et des limites identifiées, le coût de la pollution de l'air intérieur serait de l'ordre de 19 milliards d'euros pour une année

Etude exploratoire du coût socio-économique des polluants de l'air intérieur. Rapport d'étude

Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette étude, menée par l'Anses, l'OQAI et Pierre Kopp, ont conduit au développement d'une méthode exploratoire visant à quantifier les conséquences économiques de l'impact de certains polluants de l'air intérieur (benzène, radon, trichloréthylène, monoxyde de carbone, particules et fumée de tabac environnementale) sur la santé de la population en France. Cette première étude, plus illustrative que quantitative compte tenu des hypothèses retenues et des limites identifiées, démontre la faisabilité d'une telle approche même si une des limites majeures de ce travail réside dans le manque de données qui seraient nécessaires pour obtenir une quantification plus fine et plus complète des coûts. A ce stade et compte tenu des hypothèses retenues et des limites identifiées, le coût de la pollution de l'air intérieur serait de l'ordre de 19 milliards d'euros pour une année

Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson risque d’introduction et de dissémination en France. Avis de l'ANSES, rapport d'expertise collective

AVISde l'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail relatif à l'« Évaluation du risque simplifiée relative à Amaranthus palmeri S.Watson pour</div